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Name
4
Class
Ecosystems and Communities
Date
Chapter Test B
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate?
a. Weather involves temperature and precipitation and climate involves only temperature.
b. An area’s weather depends on where it is located on Earth and the area’s climate does
not.
c. An area’s weather does not change very much and an area’s climate changes many times.
d. Weather is the area’s day-to-day conditions and climate is the area’s average conditions.
_____ 2. The greenhouse effect is
a. something that has only occurred for the last 50 years.
b. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
c. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
d. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the
atmosphere.
_____ 3. The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in
a. global wind patterns.
b. ocean upwelling.
c. the seasons.
d. regional precipitation.
_____ 4. Which of the following is a biological aspect of an organism’s niche?
a. the water in the area
c. the way it gets food
b. amount of sunlight
d. composition of soil
_____ 5. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a. have different habitats within the tree.
b. don’t eat food from the tree.
c. occupy different niches within the tree.
d. can find different temperatures within the tree.
_____ 6. An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called
a. carnivory.
c. predation.
b. herbivory.
d. symbiosis.
_____ 7. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
a. commensalism.
c. predation.
b. mutualism.
d. parasitism.
_____ 8. Primary succession would most likely occur after
a. a forest fire.
c. farm land is abandoned.
b. a lava flow.
d. a severe storm.
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Figure 4-1
_____ 9. Figure 4–1 shows succession in an ecosystem. What organisms are found in the climax
community for this ecosystem?
a. lichens and moss
c. weeds and grasses
b. trees and shrubs
d. volcanoes and soil
_____ 10. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
a. desert
c. tundra
b. temperate forest
d. tropical dry forest
_____ 11. The North Pole and the South Poles are
a. classified as tundra biomes.
c. not classified into major biomes.
b. not home to any animals.
d. part of aquatic ecosystems.
_____ 12. The nutrient availability of aquatic ecosystems is the
a. amount of nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements dissolved in the water.
b. number of other organisms present in the water.
c. amount of rainfall the water receives.
d. number of different animal species living in the water.
_____ 13. Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains or hills
are
a. estuaries.
c. lakes and ponds.
b. rivers and streams.
d. wetlands.
_____ 14. A wetland that contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water is called
a. an estuary.
c. a river.
b. a stream.
d. a pond.
_____ 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the open ocean?
a. The open ocean has low levels of nutrients.
b. Organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness.
c. The open ocean begins at the low-tide mark and extends to the end of the continental
shelf.
d. Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic
zone.
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Name
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Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make
the statement true.
_____ 16. Two kinds of birds eat the same food and nest in the same area. These two species of birds
are in symbiosis.
_____ 17. A series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time is
ecological succession.
_____ 18. The temperate forest biome is typically warmer and has more rainfall than the boreal forest
biome.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line
provided
Figure 4–2
19. As shown in Figure 4–2, the climate zone that receives the most direct sunlight throughout the year
lies between
and
latitudes.
20. Predator is to prey as herbivore is to
.
21. Abandoned farmland in North America usually returns to its original
.
22. Mountain ranges are not usually classified into biomes because conditions within them vary by
____________________.
23. A freshwater ecosystem that can purify water by filtering pollutants and help to prevent flooding
by absorbing large amounts of water is a
.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
24. How are microclimates related to climates?
25. Give three examples of resources that a plant would need in its niche in order to live.
26. Explain what would happen if two mouse species tried to occupy the same niche in a meadow.
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27. How do predators affect the population of their prey?
28. Why is there little plant life near the source of a river or stream?
Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Figure 4–3
Characteristics of Different Biomes
Biome
Temperatures
Precipitation
Soil Quality
Tropical Rain Forest
hot year-round
wet year-round
thin, nutrient-poor
Tropical Dry Forest
warm year-round
alternating wet and dry
rich
seasons
Tropical Grassland/
warm
seasonal rainfall
compact
variable
low precipitation
rich in minerals but poor
Savanna/Shrubland
Desert
in organic material
Temperate Grassland
warm to hot summers;
moderate and seasonal
fertile
thin, nutrient-poor
cold winters
Temperate Woodland
hot summers, cool
dry summers; moist
and Shrubland
winters
winters
Temperate Forest
warm summers; cold to
stable year-round
fertile
dry summers; abundant
rocky, acidic
moderate winters
Northwestern
mild temperatures
Coniferous Forest
precipitation in the fall,
winter, and spring
Boreal Forest
short mild summers;
moderate precipitation
acidic, nutrient-poor
low precipitation
poorly developed
long cold winters
Tundra
short summers; long,
cold, dark winters
29. Interpret Tables Which biomes in Figure 4–3 have a relatively stable amount of precipitation all
year long?
28. Analyze Data Which biomes in Figure 4–3 have little variation in temperatures during the year?
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