Download Bio Ch 4 study guide ANSWERS

Bio Ch 4 study guide ANSWERS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__D__ 1. The average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area are referred to as the area’s
a. weather.
b. latitude.
c. ecosystem.
d. climate.
_D___ 2. How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate?
a. Weather involves temperature and precipitation and climate involves only temperature.
b. An area’s weather depends on where it is located on Earth and the area’s climate does not.
c. An area’s weather does not change very much and an area’s climate changes many times.
d. Weather is the area’s day-to-day conditions and climate is the area’s average conditions.
__B__ 3. All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT
a. latitude.
b. longitude.
c. transport of heat by winds.
d. shape and elevation of landmasses.
__B__ 4. The greenhouse effect is
a. something that has only occurred for the last 50 years.
b. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
c. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
d. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.
__B__ 5. Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus,
a. amount of precipitation received.
b. distribution of sunlight.
c. ocean currents.
d. prevailing winds.
__A__ 6. An organism’s niche is
a. the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it
obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce.
b. all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment.
c. the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.
d. a full description of the place an organism lives.
___C_ 7. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a. have different habitats within the tree.
b. don’t eat food from the tree.
c. occupy different niches within the tree.
d. can find different temperatures within the tree.
__B__ 8. Polar bears live in the arctic. The arctic is their
a. niche.
b. habitat.
c. tolerance.
d. microclimate.
__C__ 9. No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
a. because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.
b. unless the species require different abiotic factors.
c. because of the competitive exclusion principle.
d. unless the species require different biotic factors.
__B__ 10. An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called
a. carnivory.
b. herbivory.
c. predation.
d. symbiosis.
__D__ 11. A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are
a. hosts.
b. prey.
c. mutualists.
d. predators.
__A__ 12. A predator is an animal that
a. kills and eats other animals
b. eats plants.
c. lives on another animal without harming it.
d. lives inside another animal.
__B__ 13. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
a. commensalism.
b. mutualism.
c. predation.
d. parasitism.
__B__ 14. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits is
a. mutualism.
b. parasitism.
c. commensalism.
d. predation.
__D__ 15. How is parasitism different from commensalism?
a. Both organisms benefit in parasitism and only one organism benefits in commensalism.
b. One organism benefits in parasitism and no organisms benefit in commensalism.
c. One organism is harmed in parasitism and both organisms are harmed in commensalism.
d. One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism.
__B__ 16. Primary succession would most likely occur after
a. a forest fire.
b. a lava flow.
c. farm land is abandoned.
d. a severe storm.
__B__ 17. A tropical rain forest may be unable to be returned to its original climax community after which of the
following disturbances?
a. burning of a forest fire
b. clearing and farming
c. volcanic eruption
d. flooding after a hurricane
__B__ 18. An example of a human-caused disturbance is
a. a hurricane.
b. forest-clearing.
c. wildfires.
d. growing lichens.
__C__ 19. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
a. desert
b. temperate forest
c. tundra
d. tropical dry forest
__C__ 20. Which two biomes have the least precipitation?
a. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
b. tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
c. tundra and desert
d. boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
__B__ 21. Which biome has long cold winters and short summers, and is home to conifers?
a. savanna
b. temperate woodland
c. tundra
d. boreal forest
__A__ 22. Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers, and fertile
soils; and is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering
shrubs, and ferns?
a. whitetail deer
b. polar bear
c. iguana
d. caribou
__C__ 23. Which aquatic ecosystem is likely to be the warmest?
a. a benthic system in the middle of the ocean
b. an open ocean system near Antarctica
c. a coastal ocean system at a temperate latitude
d. an intertidal zone in a polar region
__A__ 24. The nutrient availability of aquatic ecosystems is the
a. amount of nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements dissolved in the water.
b. number of other organisms present in the water.
c. amount of rainfall the water receives.
d. number of different animal species living in the water.
__C__ 25. Which of the following is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?
a. a river
b. a lake
c. an estuary
d. a stream
__B__ 26. Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains or hills are
a. estuaries.
b. rivers and streams.
c. lakes and ponds.
d. wetlands.
__C__ 27. Which is one way a freshwater wetland differs from a lake or pond?
a. Water flows in a lake or pond but never flows in a wetland.
b. Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but lakes and ponds are not.
c. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a lake or pond.
d. Wetlands are salty, but lakes and ponds are fresh.
__A__ 28. A wetland that contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water is called
a. an estuary.
b. a stream.
c. a river.
d. a pond.
__A__ 29. Estuaries are commercially important because
a. fish species that people buy and sell live in estuaries.
b. tall buildings can be built in estuaries.
c. lumber trees grow in estuaries.
d. fossil fuels are found in estuaries.
__A__ 30. Which organism lives where it is sometimes submerged and routinely exposed to air, heat, battering waves,
and strong currents?
a. barnacle
b. squid
c. dolphin
d. whale
Short Answer
1. Give three examples of resources that a plant would need in its niche in order to live.
2. Explain what would happen if two mouse species tried to occupy the same niche in a meadow.
3. What are the four main factors of an aquatic ecosystem that affect organisms found there?
4. Which marine ecosystem contains the fewest photosynthetic producers? Why don’t more photosynthetic
producers live in this area?
Science Skills
Characteristics of Different Biomes
Biome
Tropical Rain Forest
Temperatures
hot year-round
Precipitation
wet year-round
Soil Quality
thin, nutrient-poor
Tropical Dry Forest
warm year-round
rich
warm
alternating wet
and dry seasons
seasonal rainfall
Tropical Grassland/
Savanna/Shrubland
Desert
variable
low precipitation
rich in minerals but
poor in organic
material
fertile
Temperate Grassland
warm to hot
summers; cold
winters
Temperate Woodland hot summers, cool
and Shrubland
winters
Temperate Forest
warm summers; cold
to moderate winters
Northwestern
mild temperatures
Coniferous Forest
moderate and
seasonal
Boreal Forest
Tundra
compact
dry summers;
moist winters
stable year-round
thin, nutrient-poor
dry summers;
abundant
precipitation in
the fall, winter,
and spring
rocky, acidic
short mild summers;
long cold winters
moderate
precipitation
acidic, nutrientpoor
short summers; long,
cold, dark winters
low precipitation
poorly developed
fertile
Figure 4–5
1. Compare and Contrast In Figure 4–5, compare the characteristics of a tropical rain forest with the
characteristics of a tropical dry forest.
2. Interpret Tables Which biomes in Figure 4–5 have a relatively stable amount of precipitation all year long?
3. Interpret Tables Suppose that you want to build a farm on which to grow crops such as corn and soybeans.
In which biome in Figure 4–5 would you place your farm? Explain your answer.
4. Draw Conclusions Which biome in Figure 4–5 do you live in? Explain your reasoning.
5. Analyze Data Which biomes in Figure 4–5 have little variation in temperatures during the year?