* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download guidelines for control plot tests and field inspection of
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Ecology of Banksia wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Venus flytrap wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Verbascum thapsus wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
OECD SCHEMES FOR THE VARIETAL CERTIFICATION OF SEED MOVING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE GUIDELINES FOR CONTROL PLOT TESTS AND FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT PARIS 2001 June 2001 edition 2 June 2001 edition TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 4 PART I. 5 PART II. PART III. CONTROL PLOT TESTS Purpose Pre-control Post-control Off-season control Standard Sample Previous cropping Control plot layout Husbandry Recording Laboratory tests Reject numbers 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS 15 Purpose Principles Previous cropping Authentication Varietal identity Condition of the crop Isolation Species purity Varietal purity -- Requirements for all crops -- Additional requirements for hybrid crops Inspection of conformity to percentage standards -- Impurities counting -- Sampling areas -- Reject numbers Inspection of conformity to maximum number per unit area standards -- Method A / Double plan -- Method B / Sequential sampling 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 CHARACTERISTICS FOR ASSESSING VARIETAL PURITY Index of species by botanical alphabetic order Index of species by OECD Seed Scheme Characteristics by Species 3 31 37 43 June 2001 edition INTRODUCTION 1. The OECD Schemes for the varietal certification of seed moving in international trade, hereafter called the “OECD Seed Schemes”, are a set of procedures, methods and techniques which enables monitoring of the quality of seed during the multiplication process and which ensure that both the varietal identity and the varietal purity of varieties is maintained and safeguarded. 2. Various checks are made at different stages of seed production to ensure that mechanical admixtures, mutations, out-pollination by undesirable pollen and other unforeseen occurrences have not prejudiced the quality of the seed in any way. 3. In order to do this, the characteristics which distinguish one variety from another have to be established so that it is possible to identify seed crops and seed lots as being consistent with the known characteristics of the variety recognised at the time of Registration. These characteristics are used not only for confirming varietal identity or trueness to type but also varietal purity; they need to be suitable for use in field conditions, although there are also a few characters which in some species relate to the seed itself. 4. The assessment of varietal identity and purity during seed production is crucial for maintaining high standards of seed quality. 5. The seed producer must ensure that nothing happens during the growing of the seed crop, the harvesting operation, the processing, bagging and labelling of the seed lot or the subsequent distribution which could adversely affect seed quality. 6. The OECD Seed Schemes provide two procedures which are designed to check the progress of a variety at different stages in the seed production process. These are as follows: (a) Tests on plants grown in control plots, and laboratory tests on seeds and seedlings, using samples of seed drawn from lots ; (b) Field inspection of growing seed crops, on one or more occasions, to report on their condition. In making these tests and inspections it is essential to adopt technical methods which will achieve results of sufficient accuracy and reliability, yet can be operated within the limits of available resources. 7. The methods described in these Guidelines have been found, over a period of many years, to give satisfactory results and provide the principles upon which such methods should be based. They have been adopted by most OECD Member and Non member countries participating in the OECD Seed Schemes and exchanging certified seed in international trade. The National Designated Authority responsible in each country for the operation of the OECD Seed Schemes is required to use the methods outlined or to adapt them where local conditions make this necessary; such adaptations should, however, conform to the general principles established in the present Guidelines. 4 June 2001 edition Part I. CONTROL PLOT TESTS 5 June 2001 edition 6 June 2001 edition Part I. CONTROL PLOT TESTS Purpose 8. Control plot tests are used to monitor the identity and purity of variety (being hybrid or nonhybrid), at various stages in the seed multiplication programme, thereby assuring the Designated Authority that the quality of seed produced in the OECD Schemes is of a satisfactory level. 9. The control plot tests are designed to answer two questions: (a) Does the sample generally conform to the description of the variety, thereby confirming its identity ; (b) Does the sample conform to the published standards for varietal purity. 10. The first question can be answered by making a visual comparison between the control plot, sown with a sample of seed representative of t he seed lot, and a plot grown from a reference sample, hereafter referred to as the “Standard Sample”. 11. The second question requires the identification of off-type plants within the control plot so that their numbers can be related to the standards published in the OECD Seed Schemes. This test measures the uniformity of the seed lot and determines whether or not the characteristics of the variety have remained unchanged during seed multiplication; it will also indicate the effectiveness of limiting the number of crop generations. Pre-control 12. When a seed lot is being multiplied to produce a further generation of seed, the information provided by a control plot is invaluable in that it gives the Designated Authority data on identity and quality which are available before --or about the same time-- as the next seed crop is ready for field inspection. In this instance the test, which is referred to as a pre-control test, is grown simultaneously with the seed crop of the following generation. It provides important and essential information which is additional to that obtained at the seed crop inspection and becomes an integral part of the process of certifying seed. 13. There should be conformity between the pre-control plot results and those from the field inspection. If the results do not conform, the evidence must be carefully examined and the decision to reject will depend on the circumstances; the off-type characteristic may be such that it can be seen in the plot, but is less easily observed in the seed crop (e.g. a transient characteristic which can be seen only at a particular stage of development of the plant). In some rare instances it may be evident that the control plot result is not representative of the seed lot as it appears in the seed crop suggesting that the sampling procedure is at fault. Differences between the field inspection and the control plot could also result if herbicides have been used causing distortion of plant characters in the field, if volunteer plants are present in the seed crop or if the seed producer has reduced the number of off-types in the field by roguing. 7 June 2001 edition 14. Although field inspections are an essential requirement of OECD Seed Schemes, there are many advantages available to Designated Authorities in conducting Pre-control plots. These are as follows: (a) Plants representing the seed lot of the variety can be observed as frequently as is necessary. (b) The observation period can be extended from seedling emergence to full maturity. (c) All plants in the control plot population can be examined in detail if necessary. (d) A comparison can be made with the Standard Sample. (e) Comparisons can also be made with seed lots of the same variety in the same and previous generations. (f) One expert can make judgements on all control plots for all varieties and categories thus ensuring the standardisation of recording. (g) Where the land is free from volunteers and clean machines have been used for sowing, the Designated Authority can be certain that all off-type plants observed in the control plot have arisen from the seed sample. (h) Designated Authorities may use an adverse pre-control plot test result to reject seed crops sown with the same seed lot. Post-control 15. When a control plot is grown as a post-control test to monitor the quality of the seed produced, the results are not usually available until the end of the next growing season after the seed was harvested. 16. Very often the seed lot to which the post-control relates was used to sow either another seed crop or a commercial food or industrial crop, and the test result will come too late for remedial action unless the seed lot --or parts of it-- was not commercialised. These post-control tests are nevertheless valuable because they monitor how efficient or not the seed production process has been in maintaining varietal purity and identifying ways in which the system might be improved. By allowing comparisons between plants grown from the seed lot produced and those grown from the Standard Sample, the Designated Authority can monitor quality and give assurance that the minimum standards are being upheld. 17. For seed to be further multiplied, one control plot can serve two functions: that of post-controlling a seed lot from the last harvest and pre-controlling a seed crop for the next harvest. 18. In the case of hybrid varieties, because the varietal identity and purity of the hybrid cannot be verified in the seed production field, it is necessary to assure production quality in the post-control plots. 8 June 2001 edition 19. The hybrid variety observed in post-control plots must be true to a variety, and the plants must conform to the characteristics of the hybrid listed by the Designated Authority at the time of the Registration. 20. The parental components for the production of the hybrid variety must be observed in the pre-control plots. Off-season control 21. In order to obtain results from observations in control plots without waiting for the end of the following growing season, it is possible to conduct these tests (pre-control and post-control) in a region of another hemisphere. The quality of the basic seed, of hybrid parental components, and of noncommercialised seed in stock can thus be determined before the following sowing period. Standard Sample 22. The checking of varietal identity and purity in pre-and post-control can be done best by comparing plants grown from a sample of the seed lot with plants grown from seed of the variety “Standard Sample”. 23. The purpose of the Standard Sample is to provide a living description of the variety; its supply, maintenance and authentication are critical. 24. It is important to take into account that there are often two official reference samples held by the authorities responsible for Registration and Certification. 25. The first is the sample which is used by the Authority in charge on the National List of Varieties. When a new variety is submitted for registration, the Listing Authority uses a sample as the official standard in tests for assessing distinctness, homogeneity and stability (hereafter called “Definitive Sample”). It is the Listing Authority which retains and uses the Definitive Sample primarily for Registration purposes. The sample should be sufficiently large to satisfy requests for small quantities of seed both from within the participant country and also from other Listing Authorities. In some cases it may be difficult to satisfy requests for seed from Designated Authorities for certification purposes, since the quantities required may be large and therefore would use up the Definitive Sample too quickly. 26. The second reference sample is the Standard Sample. It is used by the Designated Authority as the official standard in pre-and post-control plots against which all other samples of seed of the variety in seed certification are judged for trueness to variety. It is the Designated Authority which retains and uses the Standard Sample of listed varieties specifically for use in seed certification. Before use, the Standard Sample should be checked and verified by both the Listing Authority and the Designated Authority to ensure that it is authentic and identical to the Definitive Sample. 9 June 2001 edition 27. The Standard Sample should be obtained by the Designated Authority direct from the breeder or the maintainer. Alternatively, where relatively large amounts of seed of the Standard Sample are required, not only for the annual establishment of control plot tests of certified seed, but also to meet requests for seed from other Designated Authorities, it is permitted to use a sample from a Pre-basic seed lot which has been checked for uniformity and trueness to variety against the Definitive Sample. 28. In the case of synthetic varieties of allogamous species and all hybrid cultivars, it is the final generation of Certified seed which will constitute the Standard Sample. For certain species and for hybrid varieties it may be necessary to have separate Standard Samples which represent the inbred lines and parental components which are used at the Basic and Pre-basic seed level to produce the hybrid cultivar. 29. Some countries may use the Definitive Sample in place of the Standard Sample for seed control plot tests and in these cases the Definitive Sample has a dual function. However, this will only be practicable where the demands for certification control purposes are small. 30. In the case of Standard Samples of varieties originating from the country of another Designated Authority it is essential for the Standard Sample to be obtained from that Authority and not directly from the breeder. 31. The Standard Sample which is recognised as truly providing a living description of the variety during the test period is the most reliable standard by which seed certification samples can be judged. It should be used in conjunction with the official description bearing in mind that the description of varieties may have some limitations since it is not always sufficiently precise for the purpose of classifying and identifying varieties. 32. When the germination of the Standard Sample begins to fall or the stock of seed needs replenishing, a new sample should be requested. There must, however, be sufficient time allowed for the comparison of the new sample and the old sample in a field test for at least one cropping season in order to check its authenticity and before the original Standard Sample is discarded. Previous cropping 33. In siting control plots, the Designated Authority or its agent must take care to ensure that the field is suitable. There must be no risk of contamination from volunteer plants of the same or closely related species or similar crop groups. This is done by checking the previous cropping of the field to be used and ensuring that a carefully planned rotation has allowed the field to be cleaned after harvest of seeds shed by both crop plants and weed species. 34. Seeds which remain dormant or which are prevented from germinating before being cultivated into the soil can present special problems. The seed of a number of species of crop plants can survive in the soil for a number of years if the conditions are suitable. Seeds with a high oil content such as those of rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa) are known to remain viable for many years, but there is also evidence that seeds of small grained cereals can also survive for several years when conditions are favourable. 10 June 2001 edition Control plot layout 35. The control plot tests should be designed in such a way that observations can be easily made. 36. A simple layout with all samples of the same variety grouped together will provide the best basis for comparison with the Standard Sample included for reference (this is also true for the hybrid variety components). It is also an advantage to put similar varieties in close proximity to highlight whatever slight differences exist between them. 37. Within a variety, recording is facilitated if related seed lots which share the same antecedent are sown in neighbouring plots. In this way contaminants seen in one plot can be readily examined for their presence in another. 38. The plots should be duplicated in another part of the field whenever possible and if resources permit, so that additional data can be obtained. For some categories of seed it may be essential to replicate in order to achieve the minimum number of plants for recording. When characteristics have to be measured, a more formal design is required such as a randomised block layout. For some species of grasses and fodder legumes it may be necessary to use a spaced plant design for the control plots to allow measurements of morphological characters such as leaf length, leaf width, plant height etc. to be made on single plants. 39. The design of the test should be such as to enable appropriate statistical analysis of the results and a decision to be reached on the basis of conventional confidence limits. 40. In the determination of varietal purity, the standards are expressed either as a percentage of the population or where plant populations are not easily determined as a number per unit area. The off-type plant count in the plot can be used to give a probability of the seed lot meeting the published standards provided the plot size is sufficiently large. Reject numbers should be used which relate the number of off-type plants observed in a sample to a published standard in such a way that reasonable account is taken of the risks of incorrect acceptance or rejection of the seed lot. The degree of risk is related to the sample size. Husbandry 41. plots. A good uniform seed bed is desirable to promote the rapid and uniform establishment of control 42. The husbandry requirements for control plots are usually similar to those for commercial crops with the exceptions that variety differences and characteristics should be maintained whenever possible and the condition of the plots should permit examination throughout all the relevant growth stages. It may be necessary to keep fertiliser levels at a minimum in order to avoid lodging, especially in cereal crops. 43. Care should also be taken in the use of herbicides and plant growth regulators which could affect the morphology of the plant. 11 June 2001 edition Recording 44. Recording of the control plots should start when plants reach growth stages at which varietal characteristics can be observed. According to the species this can be during vegetative growth stages, at flowering or at full maturity. Control plots can also be recorded for species purity and for the presence of seed-borne diseases. 45. The main characteristics which may be used in control plot tests is included in the latter part of the document. For many species it is based on the characters included in the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability, and is divided into “primary” and “secondary” characteristics. It is recommended that primary characteristics, which are usually obligatory for the purposes of UPOV descriptions, are assessed in the case of OECD control plots. 46. Recording varietal or species purity --or levels of seed-borne disease-- involves the identification of plants which are different in appearance. Plants which are atypical for major plant characters should be examined in more detail. A method of recording the individuals and identifying them is required so that they are not counted again on future visits; labels, markers or coloured wool have been used successfully for this purpose. 47. The average plant population of each control plot should be estimated in order to be able to calculate the level of impurities present. Where the number of variants in a plot is close to or in excess of the likely reject value the plant population should be more accurately assessed. 48. Although it is usually possible to see when a plot has the wrong identity or is badly contaminated with an off-type plant it may, however, be difficult to decide whether or not an individual plant should be classed as an off-type. Such decisions require the experience of a plot recorder who is an expert in the examination of the morphological characteristics of the species under study and also has detailed knowledge of the characteristics of the variety. 49. “Subjective” judgements must be made with the help of the variety description, as to whether the off-type is a genetic variant or whether a normal variation between plants has been exaggerated by environmental factors. In general terms, the recorder should ignore small variations and only include clearly distinct off-types in the final count which may determine acceptance or rejection of the sample. 50. In plots where the number of off-type plants can be counted in relation to the total number of plants in the population, and if population is sufficiently large, then it is possible to calculate a probability of the seed lot being of the required level of varietal purity. 51. In the case of male sterile hybrid component, in addition to the varietal purity assessment, all the plants of the plot should be carefully checked to determine if any are producing viable pollen. 52. Particular case of hybrid rye (Secale cereale). Hybrid rye seed production involves the physical mixing of a restoring pollinator with a single-cross hybrid. The sample drawn from the resulting three-way cross hybrid production is consequently a mixture of the hybrid seeds and of self-pollinated pollinator seeds. This must be considered when counting impurities in the post-control plots. 12 June 2001 edition Laboratory tests 53. In addition to the examination of plants in control plots there are a few laboratory seed tests which can be used for identifying the varieties of some species. 54. A first classification can sometimes be made from a visual observation of seed characters such as shape, size, colour ornamentation or other physical features. Generally, this will identify not only the species but also a classification group and may even identify individual seeds which are admixtures in the sample. 55. Germinated seeds can often show additional characteristics as for example in the presence or absence of anthocyanin pigmentation in the coleoptile of rye (Secale cereale). 56. In some species the ploidy level can be used to classify varieties, for example diploid and tetraploid ryegrass (Lolium perenne). 57. A second classification may be possible in some species using chemical tests such as electrophoresis. In others such as rape (Brassica napus), tests for erucic acid and glucosinolate content can be used; for wheat (Triticum aestivum) the reaction of seeds to phenol has been used successfully to identify seeds which are possibly variants. 58. Some Designated Authorities also examine seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare) for morphological characters which have been used in the classification and description of a variety but which can only be observed under the microscope. 59. The use of electrophoresis and other chemotaxanomic techniques have been used successfully to identify varieties in some crop species. This technique has proven to be useful for the purposes of Registration where the number of seeds which need to be tested for a particular variety is relatively small. It seems unlikely, however, that electrophoresis will be used large-scale in seed certification for determining varietal purity because of the high costs involved in testing large numbers of seeds for each seed lot. Electrophoresis may be used for confirming the identity of small numbers of individual seeds where other tests have been inconclusive. 60. In the case of hybrid varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), rape (Brassica napus) or maize (Zea mays), it is possible to estimate the level of hybridity by using electrophoresis. The varietal purity of these species hybrids can also be estimated with this technique. Reject numbers 61. The concept of “reject numbers” is to relate the number of off-type plants observed in a sample to a published standard in such a way that reasonable account is taken of the risks of incorrect acceptance of rejection of the seed lot. 62. A set of “reject tables” is used rather than a straightforward application of the standard. The standards are converted into reject values using the binomial probability distribution. A sample is considered to be non-conforming to the standard -- and rejected-- if the number of off-type plants is equal to or greater than the reject number for a given population. 13 June 2001 edition 63. In choosing a sample size, the costs and time involved in observing large samples have to be balanced against the risks of reaching a wrong decision. As a general rule, a sample size of 4 x n can be used when the standard level to be applied is 1 for n. 64. Table 1 below provides the reject numbers for various sample sizes and standards. Example: For a varietal purity standard of 99.9%, i.e. an impurities threshold of 1 per 1000, the rejection rule [i.e. 9 or more off-type plants out of a sample of 4000 plants observed] limits the risk of incorrectly rejecting a seed lot to 5 % (D0.05). Note: This system is biased in favour of the seed producer, since the risk of an incorrect acceptance of a seed lot is higher than the risk of an incorrect rejection. 65. Reject numbers above the lines in Table 1 (white background) are not as reliable as those below (grey background), because the sample size is insufficiently large and there is a greater risk of an incorrect acceptance of unsatisfactory seed lots. Table 1. : Reject numbers for various sample sizes and varietal purity standards (D0.05) Sample size (plants/ears) 99.9% Varietal purity standard 99.7% 99.0% Reject number 200 300 400 1000 1400 2000 4000 ---4 5 6 9 --4 7 9 11 19 Note: The symbol “--“ indicates that the sample size is too small for a valid test of the sample. 14 6 7 8 16 21 29 52 June 2001 edition Part II. FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS 15 June 2001 edition 16 June 2001 edition Part II. FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS Purpose 66. The field inspection of growing seed crops is the second procedure required by the OECD Seed Schemes. The most important functions are to check that the seed crop shows the characteristics of the variety which it claims to be (varietal identity) and to ensure there are no circumstances which might be prejudicial to the quality of the seed to be harvested (varietal purity). 67. Seed crops may be inspected frequently during the growing season. There must be at least one inspection which is timed to allow the best opportunity to assess varietal identity and purity, but there may be more. 68. With many crops the ideal time for field inspections to be carried out is during the flowering period or immediately before dehiscence of the anthers. With some crops a vegetative inspection is also required and with others, observations at full maturity are essential. 69. Although the technique of field inspection differs in detail depending on the particular features of each species, the main principles for checking at field inspection are as follows: (a) The previous cropping history of the field should be such that the risk of undesirable volunteer plants of the same or related species contaminating the seed crop is reduced to a minimum. (b) The seed crop should be sufficiently isolated from other crops to reduce the risk of contamination with undesirable pollen. (c) The crop should be physically isolated to prevent mechanical admixture at harvest. (d) The seed crop should be isolated from sources of seed-borne disease. (e) The seed crop should be reasonably free from weeds and other crop species, especially those whose seeds may be difficult to separate from the seed crop during seed processing. (f) The seed crop should be free from seed-borne diseases. (g) The seed crop should have the correct varietal identity. (h) There should not be more off-type plants present than the varietal purity standards allow. (i) There should not be more plants of other species present than the standards allow. (j) For hybrid varieties the proportion of male to female plants should be satisfactory and as defined by the maintainer. The physical or genetic emasculation of female seed-bearing plants should be effective. 17 June 2001 edition Principles 70. The person conducting the field inspection should be provided with all information about the seed crop. The inspector should be an expert in recognising the characteristics of the species which are used for distinguishing varieties, and have a sound knowledge of the varieties to be inspected. The information provided should include a description of the variety --or of the parental lines/components in the case of hybrid production. He should also be informed of the history of the seed used to sow the seed crop, together with results from the pre-control plot grown concurrently by the Designated Authority. The cropping history of the field for the past five years should also be available to the inspector. 71. The inspector is required to give an independent opinion of the seed crop and is responsible to the Designated Authority. The function of the inspector is to report the state of the crop at the time of inspection. The timing of the inspection may be such that some off-types may be hidden or difficult to identify, in which case a second or subsequent inspection might be required before a decision can be reached. 72. The inspection of the seed crop should be supplemented by results from the pre-control plot, which the Designated Authority has under continuous observation, and which will provide the inspector with reliable data on all varietal identity and purity aspects relevant to the seed lot(s) used. Previous cropping 73. The crop inspector should interview the grower of the seed crop concerning details of the previous cropping of the field. The grower should provide details relating to the crops grown on the field for the previous five years. Information about possible sub-division of a field in previous years, or any previous cropping with the same variety, can also be established at this time. 74. In the case of hybrid production, the same field cannot be used consecutively for the same species, to avoid the growth of fertile volunteers from hybrid seed production of previous years. Authentication 75. In order to authenticate the identity of the seed sown, growers should retain at least one label from each seed lot used to sow the crop. The grower must also display a second label of each seed lot used in the field, to be clearly visible to the inspector. 76. For hybrids, labels of the seed lots used for male parent and for female parent must be kept and verified. 77. The purpose of this procedure is to check the details provided on the label against those on the crop inspection form, and to confirm the identity of the variety. 18 June 2001 edition Varietal identity 78. The first function of the field inspection is to examine the seed crop as a whole to ensure it is consistent with the characteristics of the variety given in the official description. This is usually done by walking into the seed crop and examining a reasonable number of plants. The actual number to be examined in each case will depend on the complexity of the distinguishing characters and the uniformity of the variety. Thus it would be necessary to examine a larger number of plants for allogamous species than for autogamous species. 79. For some species, positive confirmation of identity of individual varieties may not always be possible in the seed crop, but it should always be possible to ensure that the crop is in the correct variety group. Access to the control plots will allow the inspector to become familiar with the characteristics of the variety and be aware of the differences with other varieties in the same variety group. 80. In the case of hybrid varieties, the inspector must be able to identify without difficulty the male parental line and the female parental line. He must check the varietal identity of each parental component using the corresponding official descriptions. Condition of the seed crop 81. After having examined the field as a whole, the inspector should examine the field in more detail, especially around the perimeter. 82. Observations should be made for signs which would indicate that part of the field might have been sown with different seed or might have become contaminated, for instance, in field gateways or on headlands. Places in the field where sowing started should be located to check that the drilling equipment used to sow the crop had been properly cleaned before use. Particular attention should also be given to the presence of other crop species, weeds, seed-borne diseases, and verification of isolation from sources of contaminating pollen. 83. The general appraisal of the seed crop should determine whether or not it is in satisfactory condition to permit the detailed examination of plants for varietal purity. 84. Crops which are severely lodged, badly infested with weeds, stunted or poorly grown because of disease, pests or other causes and which cannot be assessed for varietal purity should be rejected. The inspector, however, could use the evidence of the pre-control plot to supplement the information in the field in intermediate cases. Isolation 85. Isolation of the seed crop should be checked whilst walking around its perimeter. For crop species which are cross-pollinated by insects or wind, this will involve checking all surrounding fields for any crops lying within the minimum prescribed isolation distances which might cross-pollinate with the seed crop. 19 June 2001 edition 86. Where the isolation distance between the hybrid seed crop and a source of contaminating pollen is insufficient to satisfy the minimum requirements, the inspector must request partial or total destruction of the contaminating source so that the desired isolation distance is met. 87. When isolation is satisfied by the existence of a pollen barrier of the male parent of the hybrid around the crop to produce the hybrid seed, the inspector must be assured of the coincidence of flowering between the male and female parents. 88. The minimum isolation distances are given in the OECD Seed Schemes. 89. A map of the seed crop and the surrounding crops, provided by the grower, should alert the inspector to potential sources of foreign pollen. 90. The inspector should also look for volunteer plants or weeds, both in the seed crop and neighbouring crops, which could also be a source of contaminating pollen. In the case of seed production of hybrid Sorghum spp, he should look for any potential plants of other sorghum species (in particular Aleppo Grass Sorghum halepense). 91. Additionally, seed crops of autogamous species and apomictic varieties of smooth-stalked meadowgrass (Poa pratensis) should be isolated from other crops by a definite barrier or a space sufficient to prevent physical admixture during harvesting. 92. Checks should also be made to ensure that seed crops are isolated from other crops which may be infected with seed-borne diseases. Species purity 93. For many crop species, the rules of the Schemes do not include species purity standards to be applied in the seed crops. 94. Nevertheless, for some crop species, there are minimum species purity standards in addition to those for varietal purity and these must be assessed at the time of crop inspection. x Grass and Legume Seed Scheme: see Appendix 2, section 7 for Lolium and for other species; x Seed Scheme for Crucifer and Other Oil or Fibre Species: see Appendix 2, section 7; x Maize and Sorghum Seed Scheme: for non hybrid varieties of Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanese see Appendix 2, section 6 -- for Sorghum spp. varieties, see Appendix 2, section 10. 95. In the case of seed crops that produce hybrid varieties of Sorghum spp., they shall contain not more than 1 plant in 10 m2 of another species of Sorghum, the seeds of which are difficult to distinguish in a laboratory test from the crop seeds or which will readily cross-pollinate with the crop being grown for seed. 20 June 2001 edition 96. If there are varietal impurities in addition to plants of other species, the inspector should add these together and apply the appropriate varietal purity standard only, the procedures for which are given below. 97. Nevertheless, the presence of a number of crop species and weed species in a seed field can create problems not only in the seed crop but also in the processing of the seed. 98. In particular, the following are recognised as causing difficulties in some countries: ryegrass (Lolium spp) and cereals in seed crops of other cereals species; field pea (Pisum sativum), field bean (Vicia faba) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in seed crops of lentil (Lens culinaris) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum); cow pea (Vigna spp) in field pea (Pisum sativum). 99. There are also a number of weed species which can prove difficult to clean from seed during seed processing. The following associations have been identified in various countries: ryegrass (Lolium remotum) in linseed (Linum usitatissimum); wild mustard (Sinapis arvenis) in white mustard (Sinapis alba), rape (Brassica napus), turnip rape (Brassica rapa) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea); Aleppo sorghum (Sorghum halepensis) in hybrid Sorghum; oat grass (Avena fatua), wheatgrass (Agropyron repens), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), (Gallium spp), (Bromus secalinus) and cockle (Lolium temulentum) in cereals. Varietal purity: Requirements for all crops 100. Assuming crop location, authenticity, varietal identity, isolation and crop condition are all satisfactory, the final stage in the inspection is the assessment of varietal purity. 101. To do this it is necessary to follow a sampling procedure which will focus attention on small areas of the seed crop for detailed examination. 102. The number and size of these areas have to be related to the specific minimum varietal purity standards appropriate to the crop species and the category of seed being produced. 103. In deciding how many sample areas should be examined it is necessary to balance the requirements for statistical accuracy and the need for reasonable confidence in the result on the one hand, against the time available for making inspections on the other hand. This may involve a compromise in favour of reducing the workload for practical reasons and, as a result, the risk of reaching the wrong decision is increased. Generally, there is a bias in favour of accepting a crop which may have an impurity level greater than the desired standard, but this can be justified since the standards set for varietal purity are normally higher than is strictly necessary for commercial crop production. 104. The location of the sampling areas should be such that the whole field is effectively covered and means that the inspector should work by a pre-determined procedure. This, however, may have to be adapted to the shape and size of each field, to the particular features of each species, but in particular whether the standard for varietal purity is expressed as a percentage or as a maximum number of off-types per unit area. 21 June 2001 edition 105. The distribution of the sampling areas should be random and widespread so as to represent the whole crop and there should be no conscious selection of areas which appear to be any better or worse than the average for the crop. This can be achieved in practice by deciding on a pre-determined distance between each sample area but should also take account of the direction of drilling so that each sampling area should attempt to include a different pass of the seed drill. 106. The 3rd part of the present document “Characteristics for assessing varietal purity” provide for each species those morphological and physiological characters which have been found to be of greatest use in distinguishing between varieties, thus finding the off-type plants (varietal impurities). The varietal impurities may include other identifiable varieties, deviant plants or various varietal types. 107. The impurities in the seed crop will differ considerably in the ease with which they can be observed. Differences such as height, colour, shape, maturity are clearly identified but less obvious impurities for example leaf shape, leaf hairiness, flower and seed characters may only be detected by examining a particular part of the plant. Larger samples can be examined for obvious impurities than for those which are less obvious and these should be taken at random and from as wide an area of the field as possible. 108. The results of the relevant control plot corresponding to the basic seed lots used should be made available to the inspector. This will enable off-types found in the pre-control plot by the Designated Authority to be positively confirmed in the seed crop. There may also be off-types which are present in the seed crop but which were not observed as occurring in the control plot; these too need to be recorded and taken into account when determining whether the crop is acceptable or not. Varietal purity: Additional requirements for hybrid crops 109. When inspecting crops to produce hybrid varieties, the inspector must be assured, before verifying the varietal purity of the male and female components, that there has been no accidental mixing of the two component rows. 110. In the case of maize, sorghum and sunflower hybrid seed production, purification by roguing is an acceptable method for obtaining varietal purity for one or other of the two parents. In this case, the removal of plants aberrant for one or several characteristics must be done before any pollen is shed. 111. In the case of using the male sterility, the inspector must be assured of the absence of male fertile or partially male fertile plants in the female parent rows. 112. In the case of mechanical emasculation for the production of maize hybrid seeds, the inspector must be assured that it is applied before the female plants have shed any pollen, and above all before the stigmas of the female plants are receptive. 113. During the field visits, the inspector must be informed by the seed grower of the harvesting conditions to ensure there will not be any risk of mixing between the male parent and the female parent. The rows of the male parent will be harvested separately and before those of the female parent. This does not concern production of hybrids of rye (Secale cereale) or rape (Brassica napus) where the male and female lines are cultivated as mixed. 22 June 2001 edition 114. The varietal purity of the hybrid obtained in the production crop can only be checked in a post-control plot sown with a sample of the hybrid seed produced. However, the varietal purity can be secured by ensuring that the following requirements are met: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) adequate isolation distances from sources of contaminating pollen; good conditions for the pollen dissemination; high levels of male sterility of the female parent; low levels of sibling; high levels of varietal purity of both parents; separate harvesting of the male component ahead of the seed-bearing (female) parent. Inspection of conformity to percentage standards -- Impurities counting 115. For standards expressed as a percentage, the number of impurities observed in the sample areas has to be related to the plant population. 116. An estimate of the plant population can be obtained by counting the number of plants or ear-bearing tillers in a row of 1 metre length, but in the case of broadcast crops in 0.5 m2 areas. 117. The population per hectare for crops in rows can be calculated using the following formula: P = 1,000,000 M W where P = the plant population per hectare M = the mean number of plants per metre length of row W = the width between rows (in centimetres) For some crops such as cereals it is usually quicker to count fertile tillers in the form of ears or panicles rather than plants. An assumption then has to be made that each single plant will on average produce the same number of ears so that the counts obtained are proportional. The value of M is obtained by counting the number of plants or ear/panicles in a row of 1m length within each sample area and taking the mean. 118. The population per hectare for broadcast crops can be calculated using the following formula: P = 20,000 x N where P N = the plant population per hectare = the mean number of plants per 0.5 m2 The value of N is obtained by counting the number of plants or ears/panicles in an area of 0.5m2 within each sample area and taking the mean. 23 June 2001 edition -- Sampling areas 119. The size and number of sampling areas will vary depending on the species to be inspected, the size of the field, whether the crop is drilled or broadcast, whether it is self or cross-pollinating and the geographical area in which the crop is being grown. In practice, the Designated Authority will determine the appropriate size and number of sampling areas for each crop to guarantee that sufficient plants are examined in order to apply minimum standards for varietal purity. 120. For cereals, ten sampling areas each of 20 m2 and containing an average of 500 ear-bearing tillers 2 per m , would give a total sampling population of 100,000. For other crop species this model should be followed wherever possible but may have to be adapted according to local circumstances. 121. In the case of crops sown in wide rows, the size of each sample could be a 20-25 m length of row including the space between the rows. Thus for maize, sorghum and sunflower, some Designated Authorities might consider a total of 1,000 plants to be a sufficiently large sample, while for soybean the number could be 3,000 to 10,000 depending on the category to be inspected. 122. Where crops are broadcast it may be possible to reduce the size of each sample area to ensure that the total number of plants examined is not more than is required statistically to give a good estimate of varietal purity. 123. In general, the number of sampling areas should increase in proportion to the size of the field. Because of higher standards for Pre-Basic and Basic Seed crops, the number of plants examined in these higher category crops should also be larger than for Certified Seed. 124. As a general rule, a sample size of 4 x n can be used when the impurities threshold is 1 for n; thus for a minimum varietal purity of 99.9 per cent (1 in 1000) the sample size should be 4000. 125. In some crops grown for hybrid seed production, it is essential to examine all plants in the sample and to check not only for varietal purity but also that the standard for male sterility of the seed-bearing parent has been achieved. 126. For some crop species, there may be important distinguishing characters, which are described in the official description, but which are too small to be examined under field conditions. These characters could be critical in the assessment of uniformity of a variety and could indicate out-pollination, segregation or mutation in the seed lot. In such circumstances, plants could be examined more easily under laboratory conditions. 127. The Designated Authority can rely mainly on the data from the pre-control plot and use the field inspection results for confirmation only. Where there is an obvious discrepancy between the control plot and the field data, it may be necessary to conduct further examinations in both areas so that a positive decision can be reached. 24 June 2001 edition -- Reject numbers 128. For assessing crops against the standards, ’reject numbers’ as described in the previous section relating to Control Plot Tests can be utilised (see paragraphs 61 to 65). 129. Some examples are given in Tables 2 and 3 for a range of standards, populations and corresponding reject numbers which might be encountered in a total sampling area of 200 square metres (10 x 20 m2). Table 2.: Reject numbers for a total sample area of 200 m2 for various varietal purity standards (99.5 to 99.9%) Estimated population (plants/ears per ha) 99.9% 600,000 900,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 1,800,000 2,100,000 2,400,000 2,700,000 3,000,000 3,300,000 3,600,000 3,900,000 19 26 33 40 47 54 61 67 74 81 87 94 Varietal purity standard 99.7% 99.5% Reject number for a sample area of 200m2 (*) 47 74 67 107 87 139 107 171 126 203 146 235 165 267 184 298 203 330 222 361 241 392 260 424 Table 3.: Reject numbers for a total sample area of 200 m2 for various varietal purity standards (97.0 to 99.0%) Estimated population (plants/ears per ha) 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 ** 99.0% 52 96 139 182 Varietal purity standard 98.0% 97.0% Reject number for a sample area of 200m2 (*) 96 139 182 266 267 392 350 517 (*) Crops are rejected if the total number of impurities found in the total area of 200m2 is equal to or greater than the number given for the appropriate estimated population and varietal purity standard. (**) With varietal purity levels of 99.0% and below and high plant populations in excess of 1,000,000 per ha, it is not necessary to use reject numbers. This is because the number of impurities which need to be counted to effect a rejection of the crop are so large that the difference between the expected number and the reject number is small enough to be ignored for practical purposes. 130. Species purity and varietal purity should be assessed separately and both must be satisfactory for the crop to be accepted. 25 June 2001 edition Inspection of conformity to maximum number per unit area standards 131. For many crop species it is neither possible nor practical to accurately estimate plant populations because of the cropping system applied; in these cases varietal purity standards are expressed as a maximum number of impurities per unit area (see the OECD Seed Schemes). 132. Following an inspection of the whole field --to check isolation conditions, limited presence of weeds, varietal identity and crop homogeneity-- then one of the following sampling methods A or B described below should be used. 133. The sampling procedures are based on the following assumptions: off-type plants and plants of other species are randomly distributed throughout the crop, and the counts of impurities follow the Poisson distribution. 134. If there are patches of impurities in some parts of the field then the above assumptions become invalid. In such cases these patches should be excluded from the sampling areas and inspected separately. 135. In the design of sampling procedures when inspecting a maximum number of impurities per area standards, the risk of making a wrong decision is biased in favour of the seed grower, with a lower risk of the crop being wrongly rejected (Dand a greater risk that the crop might be wrongly accepted (E. This bias in favour of the seed grower can be compared to the case of crops inspected to percentage standards. 136. The two methods described below have been designed to check the conformity of the seed crop to a maximum threshold of 1 impurity per 10 m2. Both methods accept a 20% Erisk of accepting fields for which the true level of off-type plants (or plants of other species) is 1.5 in 10 m2, and a less than 10 % D risk of rejecting fields with a maximum of 1.0 impurity in 10m2. 137. The two methods of sampling differ in that method A allows for a maximum of 2 successive sets of counts (double plan); method B is based on a sequential sampling technique with a maximum of 9 successive sets. -- Method A / Double plan 138. This method allows for a maximum of two steps. The field size is limited to 10 hectares with counts for impurities being made in 11 sample areas each of 10 m2. Where the seed crop is larger than 10 ha, the field should be sub-divided into two parts with each being inspected separately. 139. If the total number of impurities is equal to or less than 11, the field is considered to have met the minimum varietal purity standard of 1 impurity per 10 m2; if the total is equal to or greater than 18, the standard is exceeded and the field should be rejected. 140. When the total number of impurities falls between 12 and 17, the method requires 17 additional counts to be made. If the new total of impurities obtained for the 28 sample areas is equal to or less than 35, the standard is met and the field can be approved; if it is equal to or exceeds 36, the field is rejected. The exact risks associated to this procedure are D= 0.086 and E= 0.198. 26 June 2001 edition -- Method B / Sequential sampling 141. This method is a sequential sampling scheme in which the number of sample areas inspected is not predetermined but depends on the results of successive sampling. 142. Method B has been designed to save time, but this gain is only effective in practice when a majority of crops meets the varietal purity standard for certified seed of 1 impurity in 10 m2. As in Method A, the field size is limited to 10 ha. For fields in excess of 10 ha the seed crop should be sub-divided with each part inspected separately. 143. The minimum number of counts which should be made is determined by the size of the field (Table 4). Table 4.: Minimum number of counts for various sizes of field Size of field (ha) Number of counts 1 or 2 3 or 4 5 to 7 8 to 10 4 8 12 16 144. The total number of impurities in the counts is then assessed against the criteria for acceptance or rejection (see Table 5). Table 5.: Acceptance and rejection limits for stated numbers of counts Total number of impurities Number of counts 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 FIELD ACCEPTED FIELD REJECTED if number is equal to or less than if number is equal to or greater than 1 6 12 18 22 27 31 36 43 10 15 19 24 30 35 39 44 44 145. If the number of impurities falls between the acceptance or rejection bands, then further counts should be made (up to a maximum of 36), until a decision can be reached. The exact risks associated to this procedure are D= 0.096 and E= 0.202. 27 June 2001 edition 28 Part III. CHARACTERISTICS FOR ASSESSING VARIETAL PURITY 29 30 INDEX OF SPECIES in alphabetical order of botanical nomination BOTANICAL NAME Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner Agropyron desertorum (Fischer exLink) Schultes Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv Agropyron inerme (Scribner et J.G.Smith) Rydb. Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.Beauv. Ex Baumg Agropyron riparium Scribner et J.G.Smith Agropyron smithii Rydb. Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. Lewis Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K.Richter Agrostis canina L. ssp. canina Agrostis canina L. Montana (Hartm.) Hartm Agrostis gigantea Roth Agrostis stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris Hudson) Agrostis capillaris L. Allium cepa L. Allium porrum L. Alopecurus pratensis L. Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.) Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (mill) Pers. Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill) Gaud Arachis hypogaea L. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B.Presl Asparagus officinalis L. Avena byzantina K. Koch Avena nuda L. Avena sativa L. Beta vulgaris L. var. esculenta Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson Brassica campestris L. Brassica chinensis Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. annua) L. Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. biennis) L. Brassica napus (var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.) Brassica napus L. var. oleifera delile Brassica oleracea (convar. acephala L.) Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L. Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. FRENCH NAME ENGLISH NAME rested Fairway Wheatgrass Chiendent à crête See Elymus lanceolatus tandard Crested Wheatgrass Chiendent des déserts See Elytrigia elongata See Pseudoroegneria spicata See Elytrigia intermedia See Elymus lanceolatus See Pascopyrum smithii See Elymus trachycaulus See Elytrigia intermedia Agrostide Bentgrass, Bent Oignon Poireau Vulpin des prés Cerfeuil Céleri-branche Céleri-rave Arachide Fromental, Avoine élevée Onion Leek Meadow Foxtail Chervil Celery Celeriac Groundnut, Peanut Tall Oatgrass, False Oatgrass Asparagus Asperge See Avena sativa L. Avoine nue Small Naked Oat Avoine Oat Betterave rouge Beetroot Poirée Leaf Beet, Chard Moutarde brune Brown Mustard See Brassica rapa L. See Brassica rapa L See Brassica napus L. var. oleiferae See Brassica napus L. var. oleiferae Chou-navet , Rutabaga Swede Colza (Colza d'hiver et Rape, Forage rape, Colza de printemps) Winter swede rape and Summer swede rape Chou fourrager Fodder Kale Chou-rave Kohlrabi Chou frisé Curly Kale 31 PAGE 43 44 45 172 173 46 174 175 176 135 47 177 146 146 178 179 126 128 129 130 180 181 BOTANICAL NAME Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef. var. botrytis Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef. var. cymosa Duch. Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L. Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra DC Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea var. gemmifera DC Brassica pekinensis L. Brassica rapa L Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg FRENCH NAME Chou-fleur ENGLISH NAME Chou brocoli Cauliflower Sprouting Broccoli, Calabrese Chou de Milan, Savoy Cabbage, Chou cabus, White Cabbage, Chou rouge Red Cabbage Choux de Bruxelles See Brassica rapa L. Navette (Navette de printemps et Navette d’hiver) Navet Brussels Sprout Turnip (Summer Turnip Rape & Winter Turnip Rape) Turnip Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.) Meadow Brome Grass Bromus carinatus Hook. Et Arn Bromus catharticus Vahl California Brome Brome escue Grass, Prairie Grass Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakal Coronilla varia L. Cucumis melo L. Cucumis sativus L. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbita pepo L. Brome inerme Brome sitchensis Brome fibreux Chanvre Piment Carthame Cumin Cenchrus cilié Centenier Pois chiche, astragale Endive Chicorée witloof Chicorée sauvage Melon d’eau Coronille variée Melon Concombre, cornichon Courge, citrouille Courgette Cynara cardunculus L. Cynosurus cristatus L. Dactylis glomerata L. Cardon Crételle des prés Dactyle Daucus carota L. Elymus junceus Fischer Elymus lanceolatus Carotte Smooth Brome Alaska Brome Southern Brome Hemp Sweet Pepper Safflower Caraway Blue Buffalo Grass Centurion Chickpea Endive Leaf Chicory, Witloof Chicory Water melon Crown Vetch Melon Cucumber, Gherkin Squash, pumpkin Vegetable marrow, Courgette Cardoon Crested Dogstail Cocksfoot, Orchard Grass Carrot Russian Wild Rye Northern Wheatgrass, Steambank Wheatgrass Bromus inermis Leysser Bromus sitchensis Trin. Bromus stamineus Desv. Cannabis sativa L. Capsicum annuum L. Carthamus tinctorius L. Carum carvi L. Cenchrus ciliaris L [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth Cicer arietinum L. Cichorium endivia L. Cichorium intybus L. (partim) Chiendent nordique 32 PAGE 182 183 184 185 131 & 187 131 & 187 48 49 50 52 54 56 136 189 137 138 58 159 89 190 139 192 91 193 195 196 197 199 60 61 200 62 63 BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees Chiendent à tige courte Chiendent allongé Chiendent intermédiaire, Chiendent velu Eragrostide Festuca arundinacea Schreber Festuca heterophylla Lam. Fétuque élevée Fétuque hétérophylle Festuca ovina (incl. F tenuifolia, F duruiscula) L Fétuque ovine Festuca pratensis Hudson (F. elatior auct.) Festuca rubra L. Foeniculum vulgare Miller Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soja hispida Moench) Gossypium spp Hedysarum coronarium L. Helianthus annuus L. Holcus lanatus L Hordeum vulgare L. Koeleria cristata Macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes Lactuca sativa L. Lathyrus cicera L. Fétuque des prés Fétuque rouge Fenouil Soja Coton Sainfoin d'Espagne Tournesol Houlque laineuse Orge Koélérie à crête Laitue Gesse chiche, Jarosse Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens. Esculenta Moench) Linum usitatissimum L. Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium perenne L. Lolium x boucheanum Kunth (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) Lotus corniculatus L. Lotus tenuis Waldst. Et Kit. ex Willd. Lotus uliginosus Schk. Lupinus albus L. Lupinus angustifolius L. Lupinus luteus L. Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw. Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel Lentille Lin textile, Lin oléagineux Ray-grass d'Italie Ray-grass anglais Ray-grass hybride Elymus trachycaulus Elytrigia elongata Elytrigia intermedia Medicago lupulina L. Medicago polymorpha L. Medicago rugosa Desr. Medicago sativa L (incl. Medicago x. varia T.Martyn). Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Melilotus alba Medikus Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas ENGLISH NAME Slender Wheatgrass Tall Wheatgrass 64 65 Intermediate Wheatgrass, Pubescent Wheatgrass 66 Weeping Lovegrass, African Lovegrass Tall Fescue Shade Fescue Sheep’s Fescue, inc. Fine Leaved and Hard Fescue Meadow Fescue Red Fescue Fennel Soya Bean Cotton Sulla Sunflower Yorkshire Fog Barley Crested Hairgrass Lettuce Dwarf Chickling Vetch, Red Vetchling Lentil Flax, Linseed Italian Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Hybrid Ryegrass Lotier corniculé Birdsfoot Trefoil Slender Birdsfoot Trefoil otier velu, Lotier des marais Greater Birdsfoot Trefoil Lupin blanc White Lupin Lupin bleu Blue Lupin Lupin jaune Yellow Lupin Tomate Tomato Luzerne des rivages Shore Medic, Harbinger’s Medic Minette Black Medic Trefoil Luzerne hérissée Burr Medic Luzerne plissée Gama Medic Luzerne Lucerne Luzerne à écusson Luzerne ronde Luzerne tronquée Melilot blanc Melilot officinal 33 PAGE Snail Medic Disc Medic Barrel Medic, Strong-Spined Medic White Sweetclover Yellow Sweetclover 67 68 69 70 68 71 201 92 140 93 141 72 148 73 202 94 95 143 74 74 74 97 98 100 101 101 101 203 160 102 161 162 103 163 164 165 104 105 BOTANICAL NAME Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (O. sativa Lam.) Ornithopus sativus Brot. Oryza sativa L. Panicum miliaceum L. Papaver somniferum L. Pascopyrum smithii Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth Phalaris aquatica L (incl. P. stenoptera Hackel, P. tuberosa L.) Phalaris arundinacea L. Phalaris canariensis L Phaseolus coccineus L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phleum bertolonii DC. Phleum pratense L Pisum sativum L. Poa ampla Merr. Poa compressa L. Poa nemoralis L. Poa palustris L. Poa pratensis L. Poa trivialis L. Pseudoroegneria spicata Raphanus sativus L. Scorzonera hispanica L. Secale cereale L Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Sinapis alba L. Solanum melongena L. Sorghum x almum Parodi Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Spinacia oleracea L. Trifolium alexandrinum L. Trifolium fragiferum L. Trifolium hybridum L. Trifolium incarnatum L. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L. Trifolium resupinatum L. Trifolium subterraneum L Trifolium vesiculosum Savi FRENCH NAME Sainfoin, Esparcette Serradelle Riz Millet commun Œillette ENGLISH NAME Sainfoin Serradella Rice Common Millet Poppy Western Wheatgrass Persil Parsley Phacélie à feuilles de tanaisie California Bluebell Herbe de Harding Harding Grass, Phalaris, Bulbous Canary Grass Alpiste-Roseau Reed Canarygrass Alpiste Canary Grass Haricot d’Espagne Runner Bean Haricot French Bean, Navy Bean Fléole bulbeuse, imothy, Small Timothy, Fléole noueuse mall Cat’s Tail Fléole des prés Timothy Pois Fourrager Field Pea Big Bluegrass Pâturin comprimé Canada Bluegrass, Flattened Meadowgrass Pâturin des bois Wood Meadowgrass Pâturin des marais Swamp Meadowgrass, Fowl Bluegrass Smooth-Stalked Pâturin des prés Meadowgrass, Kentucky Bluegrass Pâturin commun Rough-Stalked Meadowgrass Beardless Wheatgrass Radis fourrager Fodder Radish Scorsonère, Salsifis noir corzonera, Black Salsify Seigle Rye Millet des oiseaux Foxtail Millet Moutarde blanche White Mustard Aubergine Egg Plant Sorgho d’Argentine lmum Sorghum, olumbus Grass Sorgho grain, Sorghum Sorgho fourrager Épinard Spinach Trèfle d'Alexandrie Berseem Clover Trèfle fraise Strawberry Clover Trèfle hybride Alsike Clover Trèfle incarnat Crimson Clover Trèfle violet Red Clover Trèfle blanc White Clover Trèfle de Perse Persian Clover Trèfle souterrain Subterranean Clover Arrowleaf Clover 34 PAGE 106 107 150 75 144 76 204 145 77 78 152 205 108 79 79 109 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 132 208 153 87 133 209 167 168 210 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 166 118 BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME Trigonella foenum- graecum L. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol. Triticum durum Desf. Triticum spelta L. Valerianella locusta L. et Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. Vicia faba L. Vicia faba L. (partim) Vicia pannonica Crantz Vicia sativa L. Vicia villosa Roth Fenugrec Avoine jaunâtre Blé tendre Blé dur Épeautre Mâche Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. X Triticosecale Wittm. Zea mays L. Dolique de Chine Triticale Maïs Féverole Fève Vesce de Pannonie Vesce commune Vesce Velue 35 ENGLISH NAME PAGE Fenugreek Golden Oatgrass Wheat Durum Wheat Spelt Wheat Corn salad, Lamb’s lettuce Field Bean Broad Bean Hungarian Vetch Common Vetch, Tare Hairy Vetch, incl. Woolly-Pod Vetch Cow Pea Triticale Maize 119 88 154 156 157 24 120 212 122 123 124 125 158 170 36 INDEX OF SPECIES BY OECD SEED SCHEME in alphabetical order by botanical denomination BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME ENGLISH NAME PAGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES GRAMINEAE Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner Agropyron desertorum (Fischer exLink) Schultes Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv Agropyron inerme (Scribner et J.G.Smith) Rydb. Agropyron intermedium (Host) P. Beauv. Ex Baumg Agropyron riparium Scribner et J.G.Smith Agropyron smithii Rydb. Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. Lewis Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K.Richter Agrostis canina L. ssp. Canina Agrostis canina L. Montana (Hartm.) Hartm Agrostis gigantea Roth Agrostis stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris Hudson) Agrostis capillaris L. Alopecurus pratensis L. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. Ex J.S. et K.B.Presl Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.) Bromus carinatus Hook. Et Arn Bromus catharticus Vahl Bromus inermis Leysser Bromus sitchensis Trin. Bromus stamineus Desv. Cenchrus ciliaris L [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] Cynosurus cristatus L. Dactylis glomerata L. Elymus junceus Fischer Elymus lanceolatus rested Fairway Wheatgrass Chiendent à crête See Elymus lanceolatus tandard Crested Wheatgrass Chiendent des déserts See Elytrigia elongata See Pseudoroegneria spicata See Elytrigia intermedia See Elymus lanceolatus See Pascopyrum smithii See Elymus trachycaulus See Elytrigia intermedia 44 Agrostide Bentgrass, Bent 45 Vulpin des prés Fromental, Avoine élevée Meadow Foxtail Tall Oatgrass, False Oatgrass Meadow Brome Grass California Brome Rescue Grass, Prairie Grass Smooth Brome Alaska Brome Southern Brome Blue Buffalo Grass Crested Dogstail Cocksfoot, Orchard Grass Russian Wild Rye Northern Wheatgrass, Steambank Wheatgrass Slender Wheatgrass Tall Wheatgrass 46 Brome Brome inerme Brome sitchensis Brome fibreux Cenchrus cilié Crételle des prés Dactyle Chiendent nordique Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees Chiendent à tige courte Chiendent allongé Chiendent intermédiaire, Chiendent velu Eragrostide Festuca arundinacea Schreber Festuca heterophylla Lam. Fétuque élevée Fétuque hétérophylle Elymus trachycaulus Elytrigia elongata Elytrigia intermedia 43 37 47 48 49 50 52 54 56 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 Intermediate Wheatgrass Pubescent Wheatgrass 66 Weeping Lovegrass, African Lovegrass Tall Fescue Shade Fescue 67 68 69 BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME estuca ovina (Incl. F tenuifolia, F duruiscula) L. Fétuque ovine Festuca pratensis Hudson (F. elatior auct.) Festuca rubra L. Holcus lanatus L Koeleria cristata Macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium perenne L. Lolium x boucheanum Kunth (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) Panicum miliaceum L. Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris aquatica L (incl. P. stenoptera Hackel, P. tuberosa L.) Phalaris arundinacea L. Phleum bertolonii DC. Fétuque des prés Fétuque rouge Houlque laineuse Koélérie à crête Ray-grass d'Italie Ray-grass anglais Ray-grass hybride Phleum pratense L Poa ampla Merr. Poa compressa L. Millet commun Herbe de Harding Alpiste-Roseau Fléole bulbeuse, Fléole noueuse Fléole des prés Pâturin comprimé Poa nemoralis L. Pâturin des bois Poa palustris L. Poa pratensis L. Pâturin des marais Pâturin des prés Poa trivialis L. Pâturin commun Pseudoroegneria spicata Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv Millet des oiseaux Avoine jaunâtre ENGLISH NAME heep’s Fescue, inc. Fine eaved and Hard Fescue Meadow Fescue Red Fescue Yorkshire Fog Crested Hairgrass Italian Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Hybrid Ryegrass Common Millet Western Wheatgrass Harding Grass, Phalaris, Bulbous Canary Grass Reed Canarygrass imothy, Small Timothy, mall Cat’s Tail Timothy Big Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass, Flattened Meadowgrass Wood Meadowgrass Swamp Meadowgrass, Fowl Bluegrass Smooth-Stalked Meadowgrass, Kentucky Bluegrass Rough-Stalked Meadowgrass Beardless Wheatgrass Foxtail Millet Golden Oatgrass PAGE 70 68 71 72 73 74 74 74 75 76 77 78 79 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 LEGUMINOSAE Cicer arietinum L. Coronilla varia L. Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soja hispida Moench) Hedysarum coronarium L. Lathyrus cicera L. Pois chiche, Astragale Coronille bigarrée Soja Sainfoin d'Espagne Gesse chiche, Jarosse Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens esculenta Moench) Lotus corniculatus L. Lotus tenuis Waldst. Et Kit. ex Willd. Lotus uliginosus Schk. Lupinus albus L. Lupinus angustifolius L. Lupinus luteus L. Medicago lupulina L. Medicago sativa L (incl. Medicago x varia T.Martyn). Lentille Lotier corniculé Chickpea Crown Vetch Soya Bean Sulla Dwarf Chickling Vetch, Red Vetchling Lentil Birdsfoot Trefoil lender Birdsfoot Trefoil Lotier velu, Lotier des marais reater Birdsfoot Trefoil Lupin blanc White Lupin Lupin bleu Blue Lupin Lupin jaune Yellow Lupin Minette Black Medic Trefoil Luzerne Lucerne 89 91 92 93 94 95 97 98 100 101 101 101 102 103 38 BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME Melilotus alba Medikus Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (O. sativa Lam.) Ornithopus sativus Brot. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Pisum sativum L. Trifolium alexandrinum L. Trifolium fragiferum L. Trifolium hybridum L. Trifolium incarnatum L. Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium repens L. Trifolium resupinatum L. Trifolium vesiculosum Savi Trigonella foenum- graecum L. Vicia faba L. Vicia pannonica Crantz Vicia sativa L. Vicia villosa Roth Melilot blanc Melilot officinal Sainfoin, Esparcette Serradelle Haricot Pois fourrager Trèfle d'Alexandrie Trèfle fraise Trèfle hybride Trèfle incarnat Trèfle violet Trèfle blanc Trèfle de Perse Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Dolique de Chine Fenugrec Féverole Vesce de Pannonie Vesce commune Vesce velue ENGLISH NAME White Sweetclover Yellow Sweetclover Sainfoin Serradella French Bean, Navy Bean Field Pea Berseem Clover Strawberry Clover Alsike Clover Crimson Clover Red Clover White Clover Persian Clover Arrowleaf Clover Fenugreek Field Bean Hungarian Vetch Common Vetch, Tare Hairy Vetch, incl. Woolly-Pod Vetch Cow Pea PAGE 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 122 123 124 125 CRUCIFERS AND OTHER OIL OR FIBRE SPECIES CRUCIFERAE Brassica campestris L. Brassica chinensis Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. annua) L. Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. biennis)L. Brassica napus (var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.) Brassica napus L. var. oleifera delile Brassica oleracea (Convar. acephala L.) Brassica pekinensis L. Brassica rapa L. Raphanus sativus (var. oleiferus) L. Sinapis alba L. See Brassica rapa L. See Brassica rapa L. Moutarde brune Brown Mustard See Brassica napus L. var. oleifera See Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Chou-navet, Rutabaga Swede Colza (Colza d'hiver, Colza Rape, Fodder rape de printemps) (Winter swede Rape, Summer swede Rape) Chou fourrager Fodder Kale See Brassica rapa L Turnip Navette (Summer Turnip Rape (Navette de printemps & Winter Turnip Rape) et Navette d’hiver) Radis fourrager Fodder Radish Moutarde blanche White Mustard 126 128 129 130 131 & 187 132 133 OTHER SPECIES Arachis hypogaea L. Cannabis sativa L. Carthamus tinctorius L. Carum carvi L. Cichorium intybus L. Gossypium spp Arachide Chanvre Carthame Cumin Chicorée witloof Coton 39 Groundnut, Peanut Hemp Safflower Caraway Chicory Cotton 135 136 137 138 139 140 BOTANICAL NAME FRENCH NAME Helianthus annuus L. Linum usitatissimum L. Papaver somniferum L. Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth Tournesol Lin Textile, Lin oléagineux Oeillette Phacélie à feuilles de Tanaisie ENGLISH NAME Sunflower Flax, Linseed Poppy California Bluebell PAGE 141 143 144 145 CEREALS Avena byzantina K. Koch Avena nuda L. Avena sativa L. Hordeum vulgare L. Oryza sativa L. Phalaris canariensis L Secale cereale L Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol. Triticum durum Desf. Triticum spelta L. X Triticosecale Wittm. See Avena sativa L. Avoine nue Avoine Orge Riz Alpiste Seigle Blé tendre Blé dur Épeautre Triticale Small Naked Oat Oat Barley Rice Canary Grass Rye Wheat Durum Wheat Spelt Wheat Triticale 146 146 148 150 152 153 154 156 157 158 Centurion Shore Medic, Harbinger’s Medic Burr Medic Gama Medic Snail Medic Disc Medic Barrel Medic, Strong-Spined Medic Subterranean Clover 159 SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER AND SIMILAR SPECIES Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel Centenier Luzerne des rivages Medicago polymorpha L. Medicago rugosa Desr. Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Luzerne hérissée Luzerne plissée Luzerne à écusson Luzerne ronde Luzerne tronquée Trifolium subterraneum L Trèfle souterrain 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 MAIZE AND SORGHUM Sorghum x almum Parodi Sorgho d’Argentine Almum Sorghum, Columbus Grass orgho grain, Sorgho fourrager Sorghum Maïs Maize Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Zea mays L. 167 168 170 VEGETABLES Allium cepa L. Allium porrum L. Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.) Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (mill) Pers. Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill) Gaud Asparagus officinalis L. Beta vulgaris L. var. esculenta Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris Brassica oleracea (convar. acephala L.) Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L. Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. Oignon Poireau Cerfeuil Céleri-branche Céleri-rave Asperge Betterave rouge Poirée Chou fourrager Chou-rave Chou frisé 40 Onion Leek Chervil Celery Celeriac Asparagus Beetroot Leaf Beet, Chard Fodder Kale Kohlrabi Curly Kale 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 BOTANICAL NAME Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef. var. botrytis Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef. var. cymosa Duch. Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L. Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var. rubra DC Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea var. gemmifera DC Brassica pekinensis L. Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg Capsicum annuum L. Cicer arietinum L. Cichorium endivia L. Cichorium intybus L. (partim) Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakal Cucumis melo L. Cucumis sativus L. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbita pepo L. Cynara cardunculus L. Daucus carota L. Foeniculum vulgare Miller Lactuca sativa L. Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens esculenta Moench) Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw. Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill Phaseolus coccineus L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Raphanus sativus L. Scorzonera hispanica L. Solanum melongena L. Spinacia oleracea L. Valerianella locusta L.and Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. Vicia faba L. (partim) FRENCH NAME ENGLISH NAME Chou-fleur Cauliflower Chou brocoli Sprouting Broccoli, Calabrese Chou de Milan, Savoy Cabbage, Chou cabus, White Cabbage, Chou rouge Choux de Bruxelles Red Cabbage Brussels Sprout PAGE 182 183 184 185 See Brassica rapa L. Navet Piment Pois chiche Endive Chicorée sauvage, Chicorée witloof Melon d’eau Melon Concombre, cornichon Courge, citrouille Courgette Cardon Carotte Fenouil Laitue Lentille Tomate Persil Haricot d’Espagne Haricot Radis Scorsonère, Salsifis noir Aubergine Épinard Mâche Fève 41 Turnip Sweet Pepper Chick pea Endive Leaf Chicory, Witloof Chicory Water melon Melon Cucumber, Gherkin Squash, pumpkin Vegetable marrow, Courgette Cardoon Carrot Fennel Lettuce Lentil Tomato Parsley Runner Bean French Bean, Navy Bean Radish corzonera, Black Salsify Egg Plant Spinach Corn salad, Lamb’s lettuce Broad Bean 187 189 89 190 191 192 193 195 196 197 199 200 201 202 95 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 42 GRASSES AND LEGUMES Gramineae CRESTED FAIRWAY WHEATGRASS (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) Stage of examination PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started UPOV Character Number # Character description - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence inflorescence: length of spike Just before maturity - plant: height stem: pubescence leaf: attitude leaf: length leaf: width leaf: pubescence leaf: glaucosity At maturity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN 43 STANDARD CRESTED WHEATGRASS (Agropyron desertorum (Fisher ex Link) Schultes) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, USA 44 BENTGRASS, BENT (Agrostis canina L., Agrostis gigantea Roth, Agrostis stolonifera L. and Agrostis tenuis Sibth) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY In autumn of year of sowing 4 leaf: colour 5 leaf: width 8 plant: time of inflorescence emergence 2 plant: growth habit 3 plant: width 6 tendency to form flowering heads In second year 7 time of beginning of spring growth At heading 9 flag leaf: length 10 flag leaf: width 11 stem: length of longest stem including the inflorescence 13 flowering head: length At heading SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At end of flowering Seedling 1 ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/30/6 (12.10.1990) A. canina L. spp. canina : Velvet Bentgrass A. capillaris L. : Brown Top, Colonial Bentgrass A. gigantea Roth.: Red Top A. stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris): Creeping Bentgrass 45 MEADOW FOXTAIL (Alopecurus pratensis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY In year of sowing In second year at time of inflorescence emergence Within two weeks after inflorescence emergence - plant: height plant: growth habit plant: tendency to flower - leaf: colour - time of inflorescence emergence - stem: length of longest stem - flag leaf: length flag leaf: width flag leaf: attitude - inflorescence: density inflorescence: glume anthocyanin inflorescence: length - leaves: distribution of foliage At end of flowering stem: length ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, CHE, DEU 46 TALL OATGRASS, FALSE OATGRASS (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: natural height - leaf: length leaf: width leaf: colour In year of sowing - plant: tendency for form inflorescences In second year just before heading - leaf: colour At heading when inflorescence is fully expanded - time of inflorescence emergence - stem: length of longest stem - flag leaf: length flag leaf: width - inflorescence: length PRIMARY AND SECONDARY In summer of year of sowing plant: growth habit ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, DEU 47 MEADOW BROMEGRASS (Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.)) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence Just before maturity - plant: height - leaf: canopy leaf: length leaf: width - inflorescence: panicle length - plant: plant: plant: plant: SECONDARY In the autumn of the year of sowing vigour growth habit leafiness tendency to flower leaf: colour leaf: attitude leaf: pubescence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN 48 CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus Hook. et Arn.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence Just before maturity - plant: height - leaf: canopy leaf: length leaf: width - inflorescence: panicle length - plant: plant: plant: plant: SECONDARY In the autumn of the year of sowing vigour growth habit leafiness tendency to flower leaf: colour leaf: attitude leaf: pubescence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN 49 RESCUE GRASS, PRAIRIE GRASS (Bromus catharticus Vahl) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of flowering - - plant: growth habit plant: height (length of longest stem including fully expanded inflorescence) plant: basal anthocyanin plant: tiller diameter (taken above first node) plant: tiller density plant: blistering plant: length of uppermost internode - leaf: length of longest leaf leaf: width of longest leaf leaf: colour - flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: - flower: tendency to flower - time of inflorescence emergence - panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: - length width attitude pubescence SECONDARY In second year at time of of flowering length attitude number per plant shape density glume anthocyanin spikelet: number per panicle spikelet: length spikelet: number of florets spikelet: awn length spikelet: shape spikelet: anther colour ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 50 RESCUE GRASS, PRAIRIE GRASS (continued) (Bromus catharticus Vahl) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description - leaf: distribution of main foliage relative to height of plant Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: pubescence of lemma seed: dentation of palea Seedling - coleoptile: anthocyanin ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, NZL, FRA 51 SMOOTH BROME (Bromus inermis Leysser) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of flowering - - plant: growth habit plant: height (length of longest stem including fully expanded inflorescence) plant: basal anthocyanin plant: tiller diameter (taken above first node) plant: tiller density plant: blistering plant: length of uppermost internode - leaf: length of longest leaf leaf: width of longest leaf leaf: colour - flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: - flower: tendency to flower - time of inflorescence emergence - panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: - length width attitude pubescence SECONDARY In second year at time of of flowering length attitude number per plant shape density glume anthocyanin spikelet: number per panicle spikelet: length spikelet: number of florets spikelet: awn length spikelet: shape spikelet: anther colour ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 52 SMOOTH BROME (continued) (Bromus inermis Leysser) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description - leaf: distribution of main foliage relative to height of plant Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: pubescence of lemma seed: dentation of palea Seedling - coleoptile: anthocyanin ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, NZL, CAN, SWE, USA Also called Smooth Bromegrass. 53 ALASKA BROME (Bromus sitchensis Trin.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of flowering - - plant: growth habit plant: height (length of longest stem including fully expanded inflorescence) plant: basal anthocyanin plant: tiller diameter (taken above first node) plant: tiller density plant: blistering plant: length of uppermost internode - leaf: length of longest leaf leaf: width of longest leaf leaf: colour - flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: - flower: tendency to flower - time of inflorescence emergence - panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: - length width attitude pubescence SECONDARY In second year at time of of flowering length attitude number per plant shape density glume anthocyanin spikelet: number per panicle spikelet: length spikelet: number of florets spikelet: awn length spikelet: shape spikelet: anther colour ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 54 ALASKA BROME (continued) (Bromus sitchensis Trin.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - leaf: distribution of main foliage relative to height of plant Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: pubescence of lemma seed: dentation of palea Seedling - coleoptile: anthocyanin ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL Also known as Upland Brome (NZL) 55 SOUTHERN BROME (Bromus stamineus Desv.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of flowering - - plant: growth habit plant: height (length of longest stem including fully expanded inflorescence) plant: basal anthocyanin plant: tiller diameter (taken above first node) plant: tiller density plant: blistering plant: length of uppermost internode - leaf: length of longest leaf leaf: width of longest leaf leaf: colour - flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: flag leaf: - flower: tendency to flower - time of inflorescence emergence - panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: - length width attitude pubescence SECONDARY In second year at time of of flowering length attitude number per plant shape density glume anthocyanin spikelet: number per panicle spikelet: length spikelet: number of florets spikelet: awn length spikelet: shape spikelet: anther colour ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 56 SOUTHERN BROME (continued) (Bromus stamineus Desv.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - leaf: distribution of main foliage relative to height of plant Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: pubescence of lemma seed: dentation of palea Seedling - coleoptile: anthocyanin ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL Also known as Grazing Brome (NZL) 57 BLUE BUFFALO GRASS (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY At beginning of inflorescence emergence UPOV character number # Character description - time of inflorescence emergence (50% of plants with 3 inflorescences each) - plant: plant: plant: plant: - leaf: colour - culm: length of longest culm (including inflorescence) - leaf: length of first leaf below the flag leaf leaf: width - inflorescence: length At beginning of inflorescence emergence - plant: density of foliage At full flowering - culm: culm: culm: culm: culm: culm: culm: culm: At full flowering height growth habit stolons rhizomes SECONDARY growth habit of lowest internode geniculated branching position of branching rooting at nodes shape of internodes anthocyanin colouration of nodes anthocyanin colouration of internodes culm: anthocyanin colouration of basal sheath culm: length of sheath relative to length of internode - leaf: anthocyanin colouration leaf: pubescence leaf: shape in cross-section ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 58 BLUE BUFFALO GRASS (continued) (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description - flag leaf: attitude flag leaf: length flag leaf: width inflorescence: length of peduncle inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration inflorescence: involucre bristles ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: ZAF Also classified as Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link 59 CRESTED DOGSTAIL (Cynosurus cristatus L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: tiller density plant: natural height - leaf: colour leaf: width leaf: length - plant: growth habit plant: culm height plant: stem nodal anthocyanin - flag leaf: length flag leaf: width - time of inflorescence emergence PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At heading inflorescence: length ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, NZL 60 COCKSFOOT, ORCHARD GRASS (Dactylis glomerata L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY At flowering in second year 6 plant: time of inflorescence emergence 7 plant: growth habit 8 flag leaf: length (flag leaf on representative stem within 2 weeks after inflorescence emergence) 9 flag leaf: width (same flag leaf as that used for 8) 12 inflorescence: length (when fully expanded) SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing 2 leaf: colour 3 leaf: width (to be assessed visually) 4 plant: growth habit 5 plant: tendency to flower 10 stem: length of longest stem 11 stem: length of upper internode 13 leaf: silicate teeth Seedling 1 ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/31/6 (7.11.1984) 61 RUSSIAN WILD RYE (Elymus junceus Fischer) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At flowering - time of inflorescence emergence - leaf: attitude - spike: length - plant: height - leaf: length leaf: width - seed: 1000 seed weight - plant: growth habit plant: tendency to flower At full flowering Seed SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing leaf: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, USA E. junceus is also known as Russian Wild Ryegrass 62 NORTHERN WHEATGRASS, STEAMBANK WHEATGRASS (Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & J.G. Sm.) Gould) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and stability for this species. Source: CAN Also known as «Thickspike Wheatgrass» (USA). Formerly classified as Agropyron dasystachyum and Agropyron riparium 63 SLENDER WHEATGRASS (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, USA Formerly classified as Agropyron trachycaulum 64 TALL WHEATGRASS (Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Also classified as Agropyron elongatum 65 INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS, PUBESCENT WHEATGRASS (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number __________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Formerly classified as Agropyron intermedium and Agropyron trichophorum 66 WEEPING LOVEGRASS, AFRICAN LOVEGRASS (Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees) Stage of examination PRIMARY At the beginning of flower emergence At full flowering SECONDARY At full flowering UPOV character number # Character description - time of inflorescence emergence - plant: height plant: growth habit - leaf: length leaf: width leaf: colour - culm: length - inflorescence: length inflorescence: density - foliage: density - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - culm: branching above ground level culm: anthocyanin colouration at nodes culm: length of uppermost internode - inflorescence: length of second lowest primary branch inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration on main axis at lowest - anthocyanin colouration pubescence on upper side pubescence on lower side curling of apex verticil - inflorescence: number of primary branches inflorescence: lowest primary branches arranged in whorl inflorescence: glands in or near axils of primary branches inflorescence: pubescence of primary branches ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: ZAF 67 MEADOW FESCUE, TALL FESCUE (Festuca pratensis Hudson and Festuca arundinacea Schreber) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY In second year at inflorescence Within two weeks after inflorescence 6 plant: time of inflorescence emergence 7 plant: growth habit 8 plant: natural height 9 flag leaf: length (on representative stem) 10 flag leaf: width (same flag leaf as that used for 9) SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing In year of sowing 2 leaf: colour 3 leaf: width 4 plant: growth habit 11 stem: length of longest stem (inflorescence included when fully expanded) 12 stem: length of upper internode 13 inflorescence: length (when fully expanded) Seedling 1 ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/39/6 (7.11.1984) 68 SHADE FESCUE (Festuca heterophylla Lam.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of heading - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour - time of inflorescence emergence - leaf: length leaf: width - inflorescence: length inflorescence: density inflorescence: glume anthocyanin - flag leaf: attitude SECONDARY In second year at time of heading - leaves: distribution of main foliage relative to the height of the plant ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: POL 69 SHEEP’S FESCUE (Festuca ovina L. sensu lato) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY In second year at time heading At the end of flowering 4 plant: rhizomes 9 plant: time of heading 10 flag leaf: length 12 stem: length of longest stem including flower head 13 flowering head: length of flowering head on longest stem SECONDARY In summer of year of sowing In autumn of year of sowing 2 leaf sheath: anthocyanin colour 3 leaf blade: folding 5 plant: growth habit 6 leaf: width 7 leaf: colour 8 leaf: glaucosity Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/67/4 (12.11.1980) Festuca ovina L. sensu lato includes the following species: Festuca tenuifolia,Fineleaved Fescue Festuca duruiscula, Hard Fescue 70 RED FESCUE (Festuca rubra L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY In second year at time of heading In second year at end of flowering At maturity 4 plant: rhizomes 9 plant: time of inflorescence emergence 10 flag leaf: length 11 flag leaf: width 14 awns: absent or present 12 stem: length of longest stem including flower head 13 flowering head: length on longest stem 15 lemma: hairiness SECONDARY In summer of year of sowing In autumn of year of sowing 2 leaf sheath: anthocyanin colour 3 leaf blade: folding 5 plant: growth habit 6 leaf: width 7 leaf: colour 8 leaf: glaucosity Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/67/4 (12.11.1980) Festuca rubra L. includes Chewings Fescue and Creeping Red Fescue. 71 YORKSHIRE FOG (Holcus lanatus L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At heading - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour - plant: growth habit plant: natural height - time of inflorescence emergence - leaf sheath: hairiness leaf sheath: anthocyanin stripes inflorescence: length when closed inflorescence: colour of anther inflorescence: anthocyanin present or absent _________________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL 72 CRESTED HAIRGRASS (Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering - plant: growth habit - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - plant: growth habit plant: height - time of inflorescence emergence - flag leaf: length flag leaf: width colour length width hairiness inflorescence: length ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: NZL, USA 73 PERENNIAL RYEGRASS, ITALIAN RYEGRASS, HYBRID RYEGRASS (Lolium perenne L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium x boucheanum Kunth) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At beginning of inflorescence 5 leaf: colour 6 plant: growth habit in spring 9 plant: natural height 10 flag leaf: length 11 flag leaf: width 12 stem: length of longest stem including inflorescence 4 plant: time of inflorescence emergence SECONDARY At time of inflorescence emergence in year of sowing 13 inflorescence: length Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/4/7 (12.10.1990) Lolium x boucheanum Kunth is also classified as Lolium x hybridum Hausskn. 74 COMMON MILLET (Panicum miliaceum L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: growth habit At flowering - stem: length stem: colour - leaf: colour - panicle: density - time of flowering (50% of plants with flowers open) Seed seed: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, USA, AUT 75 WESTERN WHEATGRASS (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Formerly classified as Agropyron smithii 76 PHALARIS, HARDING GRASS, BULBOUS CANARY GRASS (Phalaris aquatica L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: growth habit plant: anthocyanin on sheaths, rhizomes - leaf: colour At heading plant: time of inflorescence emergence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL Also classified as Phalaris stenoptera Hackel and Phalaris tuberosa L. 77 REED CANARYGRASS (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started At flowering At full flowering - plant: growth habit plant: height - leaf: colour - time of ear emergence - panicle: length - plant: height - leaf: length leaf: width - inflorescence: shape inflorescence: tendency to seed shattering - plant: plant: plant: plant: SECONDARY In the autumn of the year of sowing vigour growth habit leafiness of foliage tendency to flower leaf: colour leaf: attitude ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests of Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, CAN, USA 78 TIMOTHY (Phleum pratense L. and Phleum bertolonii DC) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY In second year before elongation. In second year at inflorescence emergence 5 plant: growth habit 6 plant: time of inflorescence emergence 7 flag leaf: length (flag leaf on representative stem, within 2 weeks after inflorescence emergence) 8 flag leaf: width (same flag leaf as that used for 7) 9 stem: length of longest stem (including fully expanded inflorescence) 11 inflorescence: length (when fully expanded) SECONDARY In year of sowing 2 plant: speed of inflorescence emergence In second year before elongation 3 leaf: colour 4 leaf: width 5 plant: growth habit In second year at inflorescence emergence 10 stem: length of upper internode Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/34/6 (7.11.1984) 79 BIG BLUEGRASS (Poa ampla Merr.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: growth habit - leaf: length leaf: width - stem: ligule shape At beginning of flowering - time of ear emergence At maturity - ear: tendency for seed shattering - plant: height - seed: size seed: 1000 seed weight Seed ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: USA 80 CANADA BLUEGRASS, FLATTENED MEADOEGRASS (Poa compressa L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year three weeks after spring growth has started At flowering - plant: growth habit plant: presence of rhizomes - stem: shape - leaf: colour leaf: shape - leaf sheath: presence of anthocyanin leaf sheath: pigmentation - plant: height - time of inflorescence emergence - panicle: length panicle: colour panicle: shape - glume: shape - plant: growth habit plant: tendency to flower - leaf: colour leaf: attitude SECONDARY In the autumn of the year of sowing ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, USA 81 WOOD MEADOWGRASS (Poa nemoralis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour leaf: shape - plant: height of stem including panicle - panicle: anthocyanin colour panicle: shape panicle: length - ligule: length ligule: shape stolons: presence/absence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: NLD, USA 82 SWAMP MEADOWGRASS, FOWL BLUEGRASS (Poa palustris L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering - plant: growth habit - leaf: length leaf: width leaf: colour - time of inflorescence emergence - stem: length of longest stem (including fully expanded inflorescence) stem: length stem: anthocyanin colouration ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conuct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, SWE 83 KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, SMOOTH-STALKED MEADOWGRASS (Poa pratensis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative In autumn of year of sowing 1 leaf sheath: anthocyanin colouration 3 leaf sheath: density of hairs on both sides just beneath leaf blade 4 leaf sheath: length of hairs of ligule 5 leaf blade: density of fringe of hairs on margin of base 6 leaf blade: density of hairs on upper side 7 leaf: width At beginning of flowering in second year 11 time of inflorescence emergence 14 stem: length of longest stem including fully expanded inflorescence At flowering 17 inflorescence: shape of rachis opposite lower side branches ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/33/6 (12.10.1990) 84 ROUGH-STALKED MEADOWGRASS (Poa trivialis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit height of stem including panicle presence of stolons presence of rhizomes - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - flag leaf: width flag leaf: length flag leaf: attitude - leaf sheath: leaf sheath: leaf sheath: leaf sheath: - ligule: length ligule: shape - date of inflorescence emergence - panicle: panicle: panicle: panicle: - anther: colour colour pubescence on upper side pubescence on lower side glossiness on upper side glossiness on lower side margin hairs hairs on margin hairs on surface glaucosity presence of keel shape length habit anthocyanin colouration Seed seed: 1000 seed weight ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: NLD, USA 85 BEARDLESS WHEATGRASS (Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A Love) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year four weeks after spring growth has started - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour At inflorescence emergence - time of inflorescence emergence - inflorescence: length of spike - plant: height - stem: pubescence - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: attitude length width pubescence glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: pubescence size shape awns - plant: plant: plant: plant: growth habit vigour leafiness tendency to flower - leaf: attitude leaf: colour - inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis inflorescence: pubescence inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering Just before maturity At maturity SECONDARY In autumn of year of sowing At flowering Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Formerly classified as Agropyron inerme 86 FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering At maturity - plant: growth habit plant: height - stem: thickness stem: leafiness of foliage - leaf: length - inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration inflorescence: length of inflorescence inflorescence: shape of inflorescence - date of inflorescence emergence - stem: thickness - inflorescence: attitude of head to stem Seed seed: size seed: shape of base seed: purple colouration seed: 1000 seed weight ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: USA 87 GOLDEN OATGRASS (Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: natural height - leaf: length leaf: width leaf: colour In year of sowing - plant: tendency to form inflorescences In second year just before heading - leaf: colour At heading when inflorescence is fully expanded - time of inflorescence emergence - plant: growth habit - stem: length of longest culm - flag leaf: length flag leaf: width PRIMARY AND SECONDARY In summer of year of sowing inflorescence: length ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, DEU 88 GRASSES AND LEGUMES -- Leguminosae -CHICK PEA (Cicer arietinum L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY Vegetative At the beginning of flowering At flowering At maturity UPOV Character Number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: hairiness - leaf: colour - leaflet: size leaflet: number - stem: basal pigmentation - time of flowering - leaflet: number per leaf leaflet: glossiness of upper side leaflet: pubescence of upper side - petiole: length - stem: length - flower: flower: flower: flower: - time of maturity - pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: continued/ 89 location colour size of bracts number per peduncle number of seeds per pod constrictions surface texture tip shape length breadth cross-sectional shape stringiness dehiscence CHICK PEA (continued) (Cicer arietinum L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY (cont.) Seed - seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: testa colour size cotyledon colour shape surface Vegetative - plant: canopy height plant: width At flowering - plant: length of first flowering node plant: primary branches plant: secondary branches - leaflet: size leaflet: shape of apex SECONDARY Seed seed: length of beak seed: shape of beak seed: colour of beak ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, GRC, AUS, MAR 90 CROWN VETCH (Coronilla varia L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: seedling height plant: canopy size - leaf: size of secondary leaf leaf: colour leaf: hair type - plant: height plant: growth habit - time of flowering - flower: colour PRIMARY Vegetative, 12 weeks after seedling emergence At flowering SECONDARY Seed seed: tannin content ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, USA 91 SOYA BEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 hypocotyl: anthocyanin colouration At flowering 3 plant: growth habit 5 plant: colour of hairs 6 leaf: shape of lateral leaflet 7 leaf: colour 9 flower: colour 15 At maturity time of beginning of flowering (one flower open on 10% of plants) 4 plant: height 16 time of maturity SECONDARY Vegetative 2 plant: growth type At flowering 3 plant: growth habit 8 leaflet: size At pod development 10 pod: colour At maturity 11 seed: size 12 seed: shape 13 seed: colour of testa (excluding hilum) 14 seed: hilum colour ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/80/3 (4.10.1983) Also classified as Soja hispida Moench 92 SULLA (Hedysarum coronarium L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative - plant: height - stem: thickness at middle of stem - leaf: shape of terminal leaflet leaf: length of terminal leaflet leaf: width of terminal leaflet At the beginning of flowering - time of flowering At flowering - flower: colour - plant: growth habit plant: branching - leaf: number per stem - leaflet: number per leaf SECONDARY Vegetative At full maturity - flower: persistence of flowering into autumn ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: GRC, ITA 93 DWARF CHICKLING VETCH (Lathyrus cicera L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At full maturity - pod: shape pod: constrictions Seed seed: shape seed: size seed: basic colour seed: ornamentation seed: colour of cotyledons ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: GRC 94 LENTIL (Lens culinaris Medikus) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: growth habit - stem: stem: stem: stem: At the beginning of flowering - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: At flowering - time of flowering - plant: growth habit - flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: - peduncle: anthocyanin - sepal: length sepal: width sepal: shape of tip thickness anthocyanin pigmentation at base anthocyanin pigmentation at tip degree of branching size shape number per leaf shape of tip colour dentation of margin glossiness of upper side pubescence of upper side height of first flowering node size colour colour of petal veins location number per inflorescence colour size of bracts tendrils: present/absent ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 95 LENTIL (continued) (Lens culinaris Medikus) Stage of examination At maturity Seed UPOV character number # Character description - plant: height - time of maturity - pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: number of seeds per pod number of pods per inflorescence surface constrictions tip length breadth cross-sectional shape curvature direction of curvature stringiness colour pubescence - seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: shape size colour of testa colour of hilum cotyledon colour surface texture number per pod 1000 seed weight anthocyanin colouration shape of anthocyanin markings colour of anthocyanin markings type: whole yellow or split red ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, NZL Also includes Lens esculenta Moench 96 BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At commencement of flowering in second year UPOV character number # Character description - commencement of flowering (3 heads with at least 1 flower open) - plant: growth habit plant: height plant: horizontal spread - stem: colour stem: hairiness stem: solidity - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: length of terminal width of terminal distance of widest part below tip shape of terminal colour pubescence veins on lower surface - flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: average number per head length from base of calyx to keel tip basal colour colour of tingeing intensity of flowering - calyx: calyx: calyx: calyx: At maturity - pod: number per head pod: length pod: style Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: shape seed: colour At flowering length of teeth attitude of teeth pubescence shape of upper sinus Seedling ploidy: number __________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, ITA, FRA, USA, NZL 97 SLENDER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At commencement of flowering in second year - commencement of flowering (3 heads with at least 1 flower open) At flowering - plant: growth habit plant: height plant: horizontal spread - stem: colour stem: hairiness stem: solidity - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: length of terminal width of terminal distance of widest part below tip shape of terminal colour pubescence veins on lower surface - flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: average number per head length from base of calyx to keel tip basal colour colour of tingeing intensity of flowering - calyx: calyx: calyx: calyx: - pod: number per head pod: length pod: style At maturity Seed length of teeth attitude of teeth pubescence shape of upper sinus seed: 1000 seed weight seed: shape seed: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 98 SLENDER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (continued) (Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.) Stage of examination Seedling ____________________________ UPOV character number # Character description ploidy: number ___________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, NZL Also called Narrow-leaf Trefoil (NZL) 99 GREATER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus uliginosus Schk.) Stage of examination PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At commencement of flowering in second year UPOV character number # Character description - commencement of flowering (3 heads with at least 1 flower open) - plant: growth habit plant: height plant: horizontal spread - stem: colour stem: hairiness stem: solidity - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: length of terminal width of terminal distance of widest part below tip shape of terminal colour pubescence veins on lower surface - flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: average number per head length from base of calyx to keel tip basal colour colour of tingeing intensity of flowering - calyx: calyx: calyx: calyx: At maturity - pod: number per head pod: length pod: style Seed - seed: 1000 seed weight seed: shape seed: colour At flowering length of teeth attitude of teeth pubescence shape of upper sinus Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL 100 WHITE LUPIN, BLUE LUPIN, YELLOW LUPIN (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L, Lupinus luteus L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At flowering 8 terminal leaflet: length of leaf just below uppermost branch carrying flowers 10 flower: colour 16 flower: time of beginning of flowering SECONDARY Three weeks after seedling emergence At flower bud At beginning of flowering 2 plant: height 3 plant: growth habit 4 leaf: colour 5 stem: anthocyanin colour 6 plant: height 9 terminal leaflet: width of leaf just below uppermost branch carrying flowers 11 At green ripening At full maturity flower: colour of tip of carina 7 plant: height 12 pod: length (in midst of main inflorescence) 13 grain: ground colour 14 grain: ornamentation 15 grain: 1000 seed weight 18 time of ripening ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/66/3 (14.11.1979) 101 BLACK MEDIC TREFOIL (Medicago lupulina L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY At full flowering - plant: growth habit plant: height of main foliage bulk - leaf: colour leaf: shape of middle leaflet - flower: colour flower: size - plant: growth habit plant: tendency to flowering SECONDARY Vegetative in year of sowing leaf: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: POL 102 LUCERNE (Medicago sativa L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY At early flower bud 6 leaf: width of central leaflet At flowering 7 flower: time of beginning of flowering 8 flower: frequency of plants with very dark blue violet flowers 9 flower: frequency of plants with variegated flowers 12 plant: natural height SECONDARY At early flower bud 5 At full flowering 4 leaf: length of central leaflet stem: length of longest stem (including head) ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/6/4 (21.10.1988) Also includes Medicago x varia T. Martyn 103 WHITE SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus alba Medikus) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: spring vigour - leaf: size leaf: colour - plant: height - stem: thickness - time of flowering - flower: colour flower: size - plant: growth habit PRIMARY In the second year at beginning of growth At flowering SECONDARY In the first year of growth leaf: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Also classified as Melilotus alba Deer Also known as Sweet Clover - White Blossom 104 YELLOW SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - plant: growth habit plant: spring vigour - leaf: colour - leaflet: size - plant: height - stem: thickness - time of flowering - flower: colour flower: size - plant: growth habit PRIMARY In the second year at beginning of growth At flowering SECONDARY In first year of growth leaf: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: CAN Also known as Sweet Clover - Yellow Blossom 105 SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering - plant: growth habit plant: seedling height at 12 weeks plant: canopy - leaf: size of secondary leaf leaf: colour leaf: hair type - plant: height - time of flowering - flower: colour SECONDARY Seed seed: tannin content ____________ ______________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CZE, USA Also classified as Onobrychis sativa Lam. 106 SERRADELLA (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At the beginning of flowering - plant: growth habit - time of flowering - stem: density of hairs - leaflet: shape leaflet: density of hairs leaflet: colour - flower: colour At maturity pod: length ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NZL 107 FRENCH BEAN, NAVY BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY 2 plant: growth type [All observations of the growth habit and on leaves should be taken at time or full flowering.] 6 leaf: green colour [All observations on the pod should be taken at the commencement of seed swelling.] 11 time of flowering: 50% of the plants with at least one flower 13 14 15 flower: size of bracts flower: colour of standard flower: colour of wings 17 19 20 22 23 25 30 pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: seed: length (including beak) cross section through seed thickness ground colour pigmentation colour of pigmentation string length of beak size (1000 seed weight at dry stage) shape of median longitudinal section colour main colour number of secondary colours main secondary colour distribution of main secondary colour seed: colour of hilar ring 45 26 pod: degree of curvature SECONDARY ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/12/4 (19.11.1982) 108 FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum L. sensu lato) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering 2 plant: fasciation 4 foliage: colour 8 leaf: leaflets 17 stipule: marbling before flowering (on 2 nodes below the first fertile node) 19 stipule: anthocyanin ring 24 standard: colour 30 wing: colour 53 time of flowering (50% of the plants) SECONDARY Vegetative Flowering 5 foliage: intensity of colour 7 stem: number of nodes up to and including first fertile node (including scale nodes) 6 stem: length after flowering 10 leaflet: size 15 stipule: size 18 stipule: intensity of marbling before flowering (on 2 nodes below the first fertile node) 22 raceme: number of flowers 26 standard: mucron ____________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 109 FIELD PEA (continued) (Pisum sativum L. sensu lato) Stage of examination At green pod UPOV Character Number * Character description 27 standard: undulation of margin 28 standard: pleating 29 wing: shape 34 pod: length 35 pod: parchment 37 pod: colour 39 pod: curvature 41 pod: apex 6 stem: length At green shell stage 43 pod: number of ovules At full maturity when grain is at dry stage 45 grain: 1000 seed weight 46 grain: shape 49 grain: colour of testa 51 grain: hilum colour 2 grain: colour of seed cotyledons ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/7/4 (26.10.1981) 110 BERSEEM CLOVER (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year at beginning of flowering At flowering Seed - time of flowering (when 50% of plants begin to flower) - plant: plant: plant: plant: - stem: length stem: thickness - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - flower: flower: flower: flower: flower: - peduncle: presence/absence - seed: seed: seed: seed: - plant: tendency to flower growth habit height presence of basal branching presence of stem branching shape of central terminal leaflet length of central terminal leaflet width of central terminal leaflet pubescence colour number petal length ramifications length of bracts in relation to calyx colour shape colour ornamentation 1000 seed weight SECONDARY In year of sowing In first winter plant: winter hardiness ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: GRC, ITA, DEU, USA Also known as Egyptian clover (DEU). 111 STRAWBERRY CLOVER (Trifolium fragiferum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative - plant: growth habit plant: presence of basal branching At commencement of flowering - tendency to perennial flowering habit When three heads per plant are flowering - time of flowering - flower: colour of corolla - - leaf: length of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf from end of tip of rapidly growing stolon)* leaf: width (as for *) leaf: marking; colour of crescent and associated anthocyanin markings leaf: pubescence on under surface leaf: glossiness of lateral leaves - stem: thickness of stolon (as for *) - seed: testa colour seed: ornamentation seed: 1000 seed weight 1-2 weeks after flowering - Seed SECONDARY At beginning of growth in plant: colour second year ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: AUS, USA 112 ALSIKE CLOVER (Trifolium hybridum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY In second year at beginning of growth At flowering - plant: growth habit - leaf: colour - time of flowering (when three heads per plant are flowering) - stem: anthocyanin colouration - leaflet: length of central leaflet of the upper normally developed leaf below the terminal flower leaflet: width (as above) One or two weeks after mean date of flowering Seed - stem: length of longest stem including head stem: thickness stem: number of internodes stem: density of hairs - leaf: frequency of plants with white marks - flower: colour flower: head size - seed: colour of testa Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, SWE, DEU 113 CRIMSON CLOVER (Trifolium incarnatum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In the second year at budding - plant: growth habit - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - plant: height - time of flowering (when 50% of plants have flowers) - stem: length stem: hairiness stem: thickness - flower: colour In year of sowing - plant: growth habit plant: tendency to flowering At maturity - plant: time of maturity At the beginning of flowering At full flowering colour hairiness length of middle leaflet width of middle leaflet SECONDARY Seed seed: size seed: hard seededness ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, HUN, DEU, USA 114 RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY When three heads per plant are flowering 2 plant: time of flowering 5 stem: number of internodes (longest stem including head, within 1-2 weeks after mean date of flowering. Lowest internode minimum 0.5cm) 6 stem: density of hairs - flower: colour 3 stem: length of longest stem including head 4 stem: thickness 7 leaf: length (central leaflet of the upper normally developed leaf below the terminal flower) 8 leaf: width (central leaflet of the upper normally developed leaf below the terminal flower) 9 leaf: frequency of plants with white marks SECONDARY 1 - 2 weeks after flowering At maturity 10 seed: colour of coat Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/5/4 (13.11.1985) 115 WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY 1-2 weeks after flowering In year after sowing when three heads per plant are flowering 1 leaf: length of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf from end tip of rapidly growing stolon) 2 leaf: width of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf from end tip of rapidly growing stolon) 3 leaf: frequency of plants with white marks 4 leaf: length of petiole (3rd-4th leaf from end tip of rapidly growing stolon) 5 leaf: thickness of petiole 6 stem: thickness of stolon (3rd-4th leaf from end tip of rapidly growing stolon) 7 plant: time of flowering 9 plant: colour SECONDARY At beginning of growth in second year 8 leaf blade: frequency of plants with cyanid glucoside ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/38/6 (13.11.1985) 116 PERSIAN CLOVER (Trifolium resupinatum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY In second year when plant begins flowering - plant: growth habit - time of flowering (when 50% of plants have open flowers) - stem: number of internodes stem: pubescence - flower: shape flower: colour - leaf: colour - leaflet: length of middle leaflet leaflet: width of middle leaflet In the year of sowing - plant: tendency to flowering 1-2 weeks after flowering - stem: length of longest stem including head stem: thickness SECONDARY - leaf: length (central leaflet of the upper normally developed leaf below the terminal flower) leaf: frequency of plants with coloured marks - At maturity - pod: shape Seed seed: coat colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, AUS, GRC 117 ARROWLEAF CLOVER (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At beginning of flowering - plant: height plant: growth habit plant: winter hardiness - leaf: colour leaf: presence of ’arrowleaf’ marking - time of flowering - infloresence: colour infloresence: intensity of purple colouration on petals ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: USA 118 FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At beginning of flowering - time of flowering At full flowering - plant: height - pod: shape pod: pilosity Seed seed: shape seed: size seed: basic colour seed: ornamentation seed: colour of hilar ring ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: GRC 119 FIELD BEAN (Vicia faba L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering At mature pod SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering UPOV Character Number * Character description 2 plant: height 3 plant: number of stems including tillers more than half the length of the main stem 13 time of flowering: (50% of plants with one flower) 15 flower: wing melanin spot 17 flower: standard anthocyanin colour 32 pod: time of full pod development - plant: determinate habit 4 stem: number of nodes to first flower (including scale leaves) 5 stem: anthocyanin colour 6 stem: intensity of anthocyanin colour 7 foliage: colour 8 foliage: intensity of green colour 9 leaflet: length of basal pair of leaves 10 leaflet: width of basal pair of leaves 11 leaflet: folding along main vein of leaflet 12 raceme: number of flowers at 2nd or 3rd node 14 flower: length ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 120 FIELD BEAN (continued) (Vicia faba L.) Stage of examination At green pod At maturity UPOV Character Number * Character description 16 flower: standard melanin spot 18 flower: standard extent of anthocyanin colour 9 truss: number of pods 20 pod: attitude 21 pod: length 22 pod: median width 23 pod: degree of curvature 24 pod: intensity of colour 25 pod: number of ovules including seeds 26 pod: thickness of pod wall 27 seed: shape of median longitudinal section 28 seed: shape of cross section 29 seed: 1000 seed weight 30 seed: colour of testa (immediately after harvest) 31 seed: hilum colour 1 seed: tannin ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/8/4 Corr (13.11.1985) 121 HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At full flowering - plant: height of main stem - stem: hairiness - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: length width shape tip shape hairiness flower: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: HUN 122 COMMON VETCH, TARE (Vicia sativa L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At time of flowering 6 stem: hairiness of upper internodes 8 leaf: shape of tip of leaflet (on middle third of plant) 11 flower: colour of standard petal 5 After flowering flower: time of beginning of flowering (30% of plants) 12 pod: hairiness SECONDARY Seedling 1 seedling: ratio of length/width of leaflet of second primary leaf At vegetative stage 7 stem: anthocyanin colour on leaf axil 10 stipule: anthocyanin colour of nectaries After flowering 12 pod: hairiness At maturity 17 seed: size 18 seed: shape 19 seed: ground colour of testa 20 seed: brown ornamentation 21 seed: extension of brown ornamentation 22 seed: blue black ornamentation 23 seed: extension of blue black ornamentation 24 seed: colour of cotyledons ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/32/6 (21.10.1988) 123 HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa Roth) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Seedling 3-4 weeks after emergence - stipule: shape stipule: colour markings At beginning of flowering - plant: height of main stem - time of beginning of flowering (10% of plants with one flower) - leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: leaflet: - flower: colour of standard flower: colour of inner keel flower: number per inflorescence - peduncle: length compared to leaf - pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: At flowering At beginning of ripening tip shape pubescence shape length width shape pubescence number of seeds per pod tip shape constrictions between seeds Seed seed: shape seed: colour seed: size seed: colour of hilum seed: colour of cotyledons ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, POR, AUS Also includes Wooly-pod Vetch. 124 COW PEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering At maturity - plant: anthocyanin colouration of hypocotyl growth habit - leaf: colour in axil of petiole - time of flowering - flower: colour flower: size of bracts - pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: length cross section surface stringiness parchment constrictions colour colour of markings length of style shape of style number of ovules Seed seed: size seed: shape (longitudinal) seed: shape (cross-section) seed: colour seed: colour of hilar ring seed: colour of corona seed: vein ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: GRC 125 CRUCIFER AND OTHER OIL OR FIBRE SPECIES -- Cruciferae -BROWN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative - seed cotyledons: length seed cotyledons: width - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - petiole: length At the time of bud emergence - plant: height At flowering - time of flowering (50% of plants with open flowers) - flower: petal colour - plant: length of stem plant: thickness of stem plant: number of internodes - siliqua: siliqua: siliqua: siliqua: - seed: testa colour seed: reticulation seed: 1000 seed weight At maturity Seed colour number of lobes length width glaucosity pubescence length (between stalk and beak) length of beak width length of stalk Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 126 BROWN MUSTARD (continued) (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering - leaf: number of leaves on fully developed plant leaf: undulation of margins leaf: indentation of margins - flower: petal length flower: petal width pod: pubescence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, DEU This species is also known as Oriental Mustard. 127 SWEDE (Brassica napus L. var napobrassica (L.) Rchb.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 2 3 4 leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: 12 attitude colour glaucosity lobes root: anthocyanin colour of skin above soil level root: intensity of anthocyanin colour of skin above soil level root: shape root: length of neck 13 15 18 SECONDARY Vegetative 5 6 7 10 11 leaf: number of major lobes leaf: size of terminal lobe leaf: total length of longest green leaf (including petiole) leaf: width of widest point leaf: number of minor lobes between major lobes leaf: number of minor lobes on petiole leaf: thickness of petiole 14 16 17 19 root: root: root: root: 8 9 colour of skin below soil level length width colour of neck surface between leaf scars 20 root: colour of flesh 21 root: intensity of yellow colour of flesh ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/89/3 (7.11.1984) 128 RAPE, FODDER RAPE (Brassica napus L. var oleifera delile) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 3 leaf: indentation of margin 4 leaf: development of lobes (on a fully developed leaf of rosette; if no rosette is formed, on a fully developed leaf) 5 leaf blade: colour 7 time of flowering: first flower open on 50% of plants (from autumn sowing) 8 petal: colour 6 stem: length of mains stem (from autumn sowings) Vegetative 2 seed cotyledons: maximum width (fully developed) At flowering 9 anther: dotting (at opening of flower) At maturity 10 At flowering At maturity SECONDARY siliqua: length of beak 1 seed: erucic acid ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/36/3 Corr. (1.9.1978) Formerly classified as Brassica napus (var. oleifera Subvar. annua and Subvar. biennis) L. 129 FODDER KALE (Brassica oleracea L. convar acephala) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: At harvest maturity - stem: stem: stem: stem: stem: stem: At flowering in second year - time of flowering - flower: petal colour - siliqua: length between peduncle and beak siliqua: length of beak - seed: 1000 seed weight At maturity Seed length width shape growth habit colour anthocyanin colouration attitude glaucosity lobing undulation of margin blistering pubescence length thickness hardness leaf scar anthocyanin colouration branching Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: NZL, SWE, DEU, FRA 130 TURNIP RAPE (Brassica rapa L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering 9 leaf: lobes 37 plant: height (at appearance of flowering bud) 39 time of flowering in year of sowing for spring sown trials (50% of plants with at least one open 42 flower: petal colour SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering At maturity 3 cotyledon: length 4 cotyledon: width 8 leaf: green colour 10 leaf: number of lobes on fully developed leaf 12 leaf: undulation of margin 13 leaf: dentation of margin 43 flower: length of petal 44 flower: width of petal 51 seed: colour (of ripe seed) 52 seed: 1000 seed weight 1 erucic acid ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/37/7 (21.10.1988) Also known as Brassica campestris L., Brassica chinensis and Brassica pekinensis L. 131 FODDER RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All characteristics of the leaf should be recorded on the fully developed 4th leaf at harvest maturity.] [All characteristics of the radish should be recorded at harvest maturity.] At maturity 5 leaf: attitude 6 leaf: length 9 leaf blade: colour 11 leaf blade: lobes (division to midrib) 12 leaf blade: number of lobes (division to midrib) 17 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 19 radish: thickness 21 radish: shape 24 radish: colouration of skin 25 radish: colour of upper part 32 time of harvest maturity Seedling 1 ploidy: number __________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/64/3 (12.11.1980) Also classified as Raphanus sativus L. var oleiferus, Raphanus sativus L. var oleiformis Pers. 132 WHITE MUSTARD (Sinapis alba L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative - seed cotyledons: length seed cotyledons: width - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - petiole: length At time of bud emergence - plant: height At flowering - time of flowering (50% of plants with open flowers) - flower: petal colour - plant: length of stem plant: thickness of stem plant: number of internodes - siliqua: siliqua: siliqua: siliqua: At maturity Seed colour size shape number of lobes length width glaucosity pubescence length (between stalk and beak) length of beak width length of stalk seed: testa colour seed: reticulation seed: 1000 seed weight ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 133 WHITE MUSTARD (continued) (Sinapis alba L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description SECONDARY Vegetative - leaf: number of leaves on developed plants leaf: margin undulation leaf: margin indentation At flowering - flower: petal length flower: petal width pod: pubescence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There is no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: NLD, CAN, DEU Also known as Yellow Mustard 134 CRUCIFERS AND OTHER OIL OR FIBER SPECIES -- Other Species -GROUNDNUT, PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At flowering At pod development 1 plant: growth habit 8 flowering: general pattern 10 pod: constrictions 13 pod: prominence of beak 14 pod: shape of beak 15 kernal: colour of uncured mature testa 19 kernal: weight per 1000 kernals at 7% moisture ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/93/3 (13.11.1985) 135 HEMP (Cannabis sativa L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At flowering At maturity - plant: height - stem: colour - leaflet: width - plant: plant: plant: plant: - time of flowering - plant: time of ripening sex expression % female plants % male plants % of plants with male and female flowers ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, FRA 136 SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY At beginning of flowering At flowering Sixth leaf At maturity 8 time of flower (50% of plants with at least one open inflorescence) 10 plant: height 12 petal: colour 13 leaf: green colour 17 leaf: shape 18 leaf: number of spines 20 capitulum: length of middle bract 21 capitulum: width of middle bract 26 grain: size 27 grain: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/134/3 (12.10.1990) 137 CARAWAY (Carum carvi L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At flowering - plant: height - flower: shape flower: colour of petals - time of flowering abscission layer: absence or presence ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: NLD 138 WITLOOF CHICORY (Cichorium intybus L. (partim)) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: height - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - petiole: anthocyanin colouration - leaf margin: incisions leaf margin: depth of incisions - root: size root: diameter root: shape attitude length breadth shape green colour gloss upper surface blistering chicon: size chicon: length chicon: diameter chicon: shape chicon: top shape chicon: position of maximum diameter chicon: colour chicon: anthocyanin chicon: apex closure chicon: density chicon: core ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 139 COTTON (Gossypium spp) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 3 plant: shape plant: height 7 8 leaf: shape leaf: size At flowering 12 flower: colour of petal (at opening) At maturity 13 boll: size SECONDARY Vegetative 2 4 plant: density of foliage plant: number of nodes to first fruiting branch plant: length of longest vegetative branch plant: length of first fruiting branch 5 6 At maturity 9 10 11 leaf: pubescence of midrib (lower side) leaf: gossypol glands leaf: nectaries 14 15 16 17 boll: boll: boll: boll: 18 seed: density of fuzz 19 boll: content of lint 20 21 22 fibre: length fibre: strength fibre: fineness 23 seed: size shape (in longitudinal section) pitting of surface length of peduncle prominence of tip 24 boll: opening ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/88/3 (13.11.1985) 140 SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering At maturity 3 4 leaf: shape leaf: colour 17 time of flowering 19 20 ray flower: shape ray flower: colour 21 disk flower: colour 27 head: attitude 30 plant: natural height SECONDARY Vegetative 1 hypocotyl: anthocyanin colour (at cotyledon stage) 2 5 leaf: size leaf: anthocyanin colour (on margin of young leaves before flowering) 6 leaf: glossiness 7 leaf: blistering 8 leaf: fineness of serration 9 leaf: regularity of serration 10 leaf: shape of cross section 11 leaf: wings 12 leaf: angle of lateral veins ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 141 SUNFLOWER (continued) (Helianthus annuus L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * 13 leaf: height of the tip of the blade compared to insertion of petiole (at two-thirds height of plants) leaf: angle between lower part of petiole and stem 14 At flowering At end of flowering Character description 15 16 stem: hairiness at the top stem: number of leaves on main stem 18 ray flowers: number 22 disk flower: anthocyanin colour of stigma 23 head: number of bracts on the back 24 25 bract: shape bract: anthocyanin colour 26 plant: natural position of closest lateral head to the central head 28 29 head: size head: shape of grain side 31 32 plant: branching plant: type of branching 33 seed: size 34 seed: shape 35 seed: thickness 36 seed: main colour 37 seed: mottling 38 seed: stripes 39 seed: colour of stripes 40 seed: position of stripes ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/81/3 (4.10.1983) 142 FLAX, LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At time of flowering 1 plant: natural height including branches 5 flower: petal colour 7 flower: colour of stamen filament (at top) 8 flower: anther colour (at opening of flower) 9 flower: style colour (at base) 15 time of beginning of flowering: (first flower open on 10% of plants) SECONDARY At time of flowering At green maturity At maturity 3 flower: size of corolla (at beginning of flowering) 4 flower: sepal dotting 6 flower: petal longitudinal folding 2 stem: length 10 boll: size 11 boll: ciliation of false septa 12 grain: 1000 seed weight 13 grain: colour 14 grain: intensity of brown colouration ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/57/3 (12.11.1980) 143 POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY At flowering UPOV character number # Character description - leaf: size leaf: shape leaf: glaucosity - time of full flowering (at least one open flower on 50% of plants) - stem: anthocyanin colour - flower: flower: flower: flower: - plant: height - stem: length - time of maturity - capsule: size capsule: shape capsule: glaucosity - seed: seed: seed: seed: At clearly visible flower bud - stem: anthocyanin tint stem: pubescence under capsule At maturity - capsule: base At maturity Seed petal colour petal margin coloured spot size size shape colour undertone of blue colour SECONDARY Seed seed: morphine content* ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, NLD, SWE, AUT * morphine content can also be analysed in small plants 144 CALIFORNIA BLUEBELL (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description - plant: natural height plant: growth habit - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - time of flowering (when 50% of plants begin to flower) - plant: natural height - stem: colour - inflorescence: colour - stem: stem: stem: stem: - inflorescence: length - seed: 1000 seed weight PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At time of bud emergence At flowering At maturity Seed colour anthocyanin colouration division of leaflet length of leaflet length including inflorescence pubescence thickness number of internodes Seedling ploidy: number ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: POL, CZE, DEU 145 CEREALS OATS and NAKED OATS (Avena sativa L. et Avens nuda L ) Stage of examination PRIMARY At earing SECONDARY At flowering At earing At maturity UPOV Character number * Character description 4 time of spikelet emergence (first spikelet visible on 50% of panicles) 5 flag leaf: attitude 8 9 10 panicle: orientation of branches panicle: attitude of branches panicle: attitude of spikelets 11 12 glume: length glume: glaucosity 15 plant: height (stem and panicle) 1 plant: habit of growth 2 lower leaves: hairiness of sheaths 3 margins of leaf below flag leaf: hairiness 6 stem: hairiness of uppermost node 7 stem: intensity of hairiness of uppermost node 26 seasonal type 13 primary grain: glaucosity of lemma 14 primary grain: intensity of glaucosity of lemma 17 primary grain: tendency to be awned ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 146 OATS and NAKED OATS (continued) (Avena sativa L. and Avens nuda L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description 18 primary grain: length of lemma 19 grain: colour of lemma 20 primary grain: hairiness of back of lemma (except for white and yellow oats) 21 primary grain: hairiness of base 22 primary grain: length of basal hairs 23 primary grain: length of rachilla 24 primary grain: width of rachilla 25 primary grain: groove of rachilla 16 grain: husk ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/20/7 (26.10.1981) Also comprises Avena byzantina 147 BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY At earing 3 flag leaf: attitude 4 flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles 5 flag leaf: intensity of auricle pigment 6 flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath 7 time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible on 50% of ears) 8 awns: anthocyanin colour of tips 9 awns: intensity of anthocyanin colour of tips 10 ear: glaucosity 11 ear: attitude 12 plant: height (stem and ear) 13 ear: number of rows 15 ear: density 16 awn: length compared to ear SECONDARY At tillering At earing 1 plant: growth habit 2 lower leaves: hairiness of leaf sheaths 14 ear: shape 17 awn: spiculation of margins 18 rachis: length of first segment ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 148 BARLEY (continued) (Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * 19 rachis: curvature of first segment # ## Character description 20 21 rachis: humping of segments (Mid third of ear) rachis: alignment of segments (as for 20) 22 sterile spikelet: attitude (as for 20) 23 sterile spikelet: length of lemma (as for 20) 24 sterile spikelet: shape of tip (as for 20) 25 median spikelet: length of glume and awn relative to grain 26 grain: rachilla hair type 27 grain: husk 28 grain: anthocyanin colour of lemma nerves 29 grain: spiculation of inner lateral lemma nerves 30 grain: hairiness of ventral furrow 31 grain: disposition of lodicules 32 kernel: colour of aleurone layer 33 seasonal type ___________________________________________________________________________ # Two-rowed barley only. # # Barley with more than two rows. * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/19/7 (26.11.1981) 149 RICE (Oryza sativa L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 4 penultimate leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles At flowering 6 time of heading (50% of plants with heads) 10 spikelet: colour of stigma 12 stem: length excluding panicle SECONDARY Vegetative At flowering 1 leaf: colour 2 leaf: distribution of anthocyanin colouration 3 penultimate leaf: pubescence of blade 5 flag leaf: curvature of blade 7 lemma: anthocyanin colouration of keel 8 lemma: anthocyanin colouration of area below apex 9 lemma: anthocyanin colouration of apex 11 stem: thickness 13 stem: anthocyanin colouration of nodes 14 panicle: length 15 panicle: curvature of main axis 16 spikelet: hairs on lemma 17 spikelet: length of hairs on lemma 18 spikelet: colour of tip of lemma ____________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 150 RICE (continued) (Oryza sativa L.) Stage of examination At maturity UPOV Character number * Character description 19 panicle: length of longest awns 20 panicle: distribution of awns 21 time of maturity 22 grain: 1000 seed weight 23 grain: length 24 grain: width 25 decorticated grain: length 26 decorticated grain: width 27 decorticated grain: shape 28 decorticated grain: colour 29 polished grain: size of white core 30 endosperm: type ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/16/4 (13.11.1985) 151 CANARY GRASS (Phalaris canariensis L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY At full flowering - plant: height plant: number of tillers per plant - time of inflorescence emergence inflorescence: shape inflorescence: size ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Sources: HUN, USA 152 RYE (Secale cereale L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 4 plant: growth habit 5 flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath Ear emergence 6 time of ear emergence After ear emergence 8 ear: glaucosity 10 ear: attitude 12 ear: length 13 ear: density 11 plant: height (stem and ear) SECONDARY Vegetative 3 coleoptile: anthocyanin colour 15 seasonal type Ear emergence 7 leaf next to flag leaf: length After ear emergence 9 stem: hairiness below the ear At maturity 2 grain: colour of aleurone layer 14 grain: 1000 seed weight Seedling 1 ploidy: number ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/58/3 (15.11.1978) 153 WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori et Paol.) Stage of examination PRIMARY At earing At maturity UPOV Character Number * Character description 3 flag leaf: attitude 5 time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible on 50% of ears) 6 flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath 7 flag leaf: glaucosity of leaf blade (lower side) 8 ear: glaucosity 9 culm: glaucosity of neck 12 plant: height (stem and ear) 15 ear: shape 16 ear: density 17 awns or scurs: present or absent 19 scurs at tip of ear: length 14 ear: colour SECONDARY Before tillering 1 coleoptile: anthocyanin colour At tillering 2 plant: growth habit At earing 4 flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles 11 culm: hairiness of uppermost node 13 straw: section (halfway between base of ear and stem node below) 10 anther: anthocyanin colour ____________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 154 WHEAT (continued) (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori et Paol.) Stage of examination At maturity UPOV character number * Character description 18 awns or scurs: description 20 awns at tip of ear: length 21 apical rachis segment: hairiness of convex surface 22 lower glume: shoulder width (spikelet in midthird of ear) 23 lower glume: shoulder shape (as for 22) 24 lower glume: beak length (as for 22) 25 lower glume: beak shape (as for 22) 26 lower glume: extent of internal hairs (as for 22) 27 lower glume: internal imprint (as for 22) 28 lowest lemma: beak shape (as for 22) 33 seasonal type 29 grain: shape 30 grain: colour 31 grain: brush hair length in dorsal view 32 grain: colouration with phenol ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/3/8 (26.10.1981) 155 DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At earing 5 time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible on ears of 50% of plants) 12 plant: length (stem, ear and awns) 14 awns at tip of ear: length in relation to ear 8 awn: anthocyanin colouration 4 plants: frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves 6 flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath 7 flag leaf: glaucosity of blade 23 ear: length excluding awns 11 ear: glaucosity 26 ear: shape in profile 27 ear: density 16 lower glume: shape at shoulder 17 lower glume: shoulder width 18 lower glume: length of beak 19 lower glume: shape of beak 24 ear: hairiness of margin of first rachis segment SECONDARY At earing 9 culm: hairiness of uppermost node ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/120/3 (21.10.1988) 156 SPELT WHEAT (Triticum spelta L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY From earing to anthesis At maturity - flag leaf: attitude - time of ear emergence - flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath flag leaf: glaucosity of leaf blade (lower side) - ear: glaucosity - culm: glaucosity of neck - anthers: anthocyanin colouration - plant: height of stem including ear - ear: shape ear: density - awns or scurs: presence awns or scurs: distribution - scurs at tip of ear: length - seasonal type - straw: section (half way between base of ear and stem node below) - ear: colour - coleoptile: anthocyanin colouration SECONDARY At seedling growth Seed seed: colour seed: colouration with phenol ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. However, all the characters listed above are similar to those for Triticum aestivum TG 3/8. Source: CHE 157 TRITICALE (x Triticosecale Wittm.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY At earing 14 plant: length (stem, ear and awns) 6 time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible on 50% of plants) 12 ear: glaucosity 22 ear: density 23 ear: length excluding awns 24 ear: width in profile 16 awns above the tip of ear: length 8 awns: anthocyanin colouration 7 flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath 10 flag leaf: length of blade 11 flag leaf: width of blade 4 plant: frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves 9 anthers: anthocyanin colouration 13 stem: density of hairiness of neck SECONDARY At earing 5 flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles 17 lower glume: length of first beak 19 lower glume: hairiness on external surface ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/121/3 (6.10.1989) 158 SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER AND SIMILAR SPECIES CENTURION (Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative - petioles: hairiness - petiolules: hairiness - stems and internodes: hairiness (on newly formed leaves) - time of flowering Vegetative - leaves/leaflets: size (fully expanded) At flowering - flower: colour At flowering SECONDARY At full maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 159 SHORE MEDIC, HARBINGER’S MEDIC (Medicago littoralis Rhode ex Loisel.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of marking - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY Vegetative At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 160 BURR MEDIC (Medicago polymorpha L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of marking - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY Vegetative At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 161 GAMA MEDIC (Medicago rugosa Desr.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of markings - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY Vegetative At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 162 SNAIL MEDIC (Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of markings - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY Vegetative At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 163 DISC MEDIC (Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of markings - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY Vegetative At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 164 BARREL MEDIC, STRONG-SPINED MEDIC (Medicago truncatula L. Gaertn.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At flowering After flowering - time of flowering - flower: corolla pigmentation - seed pod: shape - seed pod: size - seed pod: direction of spiral - seed pod: spininess - leaf: pattern of markings - leaf: shape - leaf: colour - grain: shape SECONDARY At vegetative stage At maturity grain: 1000 seed weight ____________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. 165 SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER (Trifolium subterraneum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At flowering - leaf: pattern of pale central mark - leaf: pattern of associated white bands - leaf: upper surface hairiness - petiole: hairiness - stipule: pigmentation - runner: hairiness - flower: time of flowering - calyx: pigmentation - primary: presence of pale green - leaf: mark - leaf: anthocyanin flecking - grain: colour of seed coat SECONDARY At cotyledon stage At maturity grain: isozyme analysis ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: AUS 166 MAIZE AND SORGHUM ALMUM SORGHUM, COLUMBUS GRASS (Sorghum almum Parodi) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY At time of ear emergence - time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible on 50% of plants) - plant: height - leaf: colour leaf: length leaf: width - plant: regrowth (four weeks after cutting) At soft dough stage - plant: number of stems At maturity - ear: shape ear: length of neck above sheath At time of ear emergence - plant: growth habit plant: vigour At maturity - stem: length of longest stem including inflorescence - ear: length ear: density ear: peduncles on primary branch SECONDARY At end of growth season culms: number fully developed ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. Source: ZAF 167 SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY At flowering 5 plant: time of panicle emergence (50% of plants with a panicle) plant: natural height of foliage (at panicle emergence) 6 At maturity 7 leaf: green colouration of blade 11 12 glume: colour glume: anthocyanin colouration 21 plant: total height 25 28 panicle: length without neck panicle: shape SECONDARY Vegetative 1 seedling: anthocyanin colouration of coleoptile seedling: anthocyanin colouration of dorsal side of first leaf seedling: anthocyanin colouration of sheath of first leaf 2 3 4 leaf: anthocyanin colouration of blade 9 flag leaf: intensity of green colouration of midrib compared to blade (if not discovered at panicle emergence) flag leaf: yellow colouration of midrib (at panicle emergence) 10 At flowering 11 glume: colour ____________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 168 SORGHUM (continued) (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Stage of examination At end of flowering At maturity UPOV character number * Character description 14 lemma: arista formation 15 16 17 stigma: anthocyanin colouration stigma: yellow colouration stigma: length 18 flower with pedicel: length 19 panicle: density 20 dry stamen: colour 22 stem diameter (one third of height of plant) 23 24 leaf: length of blade (third leaf from top) leaf: width of blade (third leaf from top) 26 27 panicle: length of branches (middle third of panicle) panicle: density 29 neck of panicle: visible length above Sheath 30 31 glume: colour glume: length 32 caryopsis: colour after threshing 33 grain: 1000 seed weight 34 grain: shape in dorsal view 35 grain: shape in profile view 36 grain: size of mark of germ 37 grain: surface covered by testa 38 grain: content of tannin 39 grain: texture of endosperm 40 grain: colour of vitreous albumen ____________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/122/3 (6.10.1989) 169 MAIZE (Zea mays L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Tassel and ear emergence 7 tassel: time of emergence of 50% of plants 8 tassel: time of onset of anthesis 9 tassel: anthocyanin colour of anthers 10 ear: time of silk emergence for 50% of plants 11 ear: anthocyanin colour of silk 14 stem: anthocyanin colour of nodes 15 stem: anthocyanin colour internodes (middle of plant) 16 leaf: anthocyanin colour of sheath (middle of plant) 23 plant: length including tassel 24 ear: height of insertion of ear relative to total plant height 1 first leaf: anthocyanin colour of sheath 2 first leaf: length of blade 3 first leaf: width of blade 4 first leaf: ratio of length/width of blade 5 first leaf: form of tip SECONDARY Vegetative 6 leaf: attitude in central third of plant ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 170 MAIZE (continued) (Zea mays L.) Stage of examination Tassel and ear UPOV Character number * Character description 12 13 tassel: anthocyanin colour of glumes tassel: closed anthocyanin ring at base of glume 17 leaf: hairs on margin of sheath 18 tassel: angle between main axis and lateral branches (in lower third of tassel) tassel: attitude of lateral branches (in lower third of tassel) tassel: number of primary lateral branches tassel: length of main axis above lowest side branch tassel: length of main axis above upper side branch 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: ear: length of peduncle length diameter (in middle of ear) shape number of rows of grain type of grain (in central third of ear) colour of tip of grain colour of dorsal side of grain anthocyanin colour of glumes of the cob intensity of anthocyanin colour of glumes of the cob ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/2/4 (12.11.1980) 171 VEGETABLES ONION (Allium cepa L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf and the foliage should be taken just before foliage fall over.] At flowering Bulb [All observations on the bulb should be taken on the harvested bulb.] 1 foliage: length 4 leaf: maximum diameter 5 leaf: waxiness 6 leaf: colour 26 time of harvest maturity (80% foliage fall over) 27 male sterility 8 bulb: size 11 bulb: shape 14 bulb: basic colour of skin 19 bulb: colour of flesh 16 bulb: skin adherence 22 bulb: predominant number of axils (to be established in autumn on mature material before storage) SECONDARY Bulb 24 bulb: cross section ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/46/3 (19.11.1976) 172 LEEK (Allium porrum L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 2 plant: length [All observations on the plant, the shaft, and the leaf should be taken when the plant is vegetatively fully developed.] 4 foliage: attitude 6 leaf blade: width 7 leaf blade: colour 9 leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration 14 shaft: length 15 shaft: diameter 16 shaft: bulbing SECONDARY At flowering 18 flower: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/85/3 (4.10.1983) 173 CHERVIL (Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: attitude - leaf: green colour - leaf: surface - leaflet: shape - leaflet: dissection plant: height of flowering stalk ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species. 174 CELERY (Apium graveolens L. var dulce (Mill) Pers.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 plant: height [All characteristics of the plant and of the leaf should be recorded on fully developed foliage] 7 foliage: green colour 11 leaflet: serration 13 petiole: length 14 petiole: width (at central third) 18 petiole: self blanching 20 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 17 petiole: shape of inner side in cross section SECONDARY Vegetative 21 petiole: intensity of anthocyanin colouration ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/82/3 (19.11.1982) 175 CELERIAC (Apium graveolens L. var rapaceum (Mill) Gaud) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All characteristics of the leaf should be recorded on the fully developed foliage] At tuber formation [All characteristics of the tuber should be recorded at harvest maturity.] 1 plant: height 2 foliage: attitude 6 leaf blade: size of leaflets of first order 7 petiole: length 9 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 10 tuber: size 11 tuber: height to width ratio 12 tuber: position of maximum width 14 tuber: main colour of skin 17 tuber: insertion of roots 21 tuber: discoloration of flesh after cooking ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/74/3 (12.11.1980) 176 ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative At emergence of spear At harvest maturity 4 plant: green colour of foliage 5 stem: maximum length (fully extended) 6 stem: length up to first ramification 7 stem: diameter at ground level 8 spear: anthocyanin colouration of apex 9 time of beginning of emergence of spears (30% of plants with at least one emerged spear) 11 spear: shape of apex 12 spear: diameter of base of apex compared to remaining stem 14 spear: length of first bracts at base of apex 15 spear: width of first bracts at base of apex At flowering 17 sex expression ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/130/3 (12.10.1990) 177 BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L. var esculenta) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All characteristics of the plant and of the leaf should be observed when the foliage has reached its maximum length.] 2 seedling: anthocyanin colouration of hypocotyl 5 leaf blade: length 6 leaf blade: shape 7 leaf blade: main colour 12 leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration 8 Seed leaf blade: undulation of margin 15 petiole: length 17 petiole: colour 19 root: shape of longitudinal section 23 root: external colour 25 root: main colour of flesh 26 root: colour of rings compared to main colour of flesh 1 seed cluster: number of seeds SECONDARY Vegetative 21 root: narrowing of tip 28 bolting resistance (from an early sowing) ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/60/3 (15.11.1978) 178 LEAF BEET, CHARD (Beta vulgaris L. var vulgaris) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 seedling: anthocyanin colouration [All observations on the plant and on the leaf should be made when the foliage has reached its maximum height.] 3 foliage: height 4 foliage: attitude 5 leaf blade: length 6 leaf blade: width 7 leaf blade: intensity of green colour 8 leaf: reflexion of margin 10 leaf blade: blistering 11 leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration 13 petiole: width 15 petiole: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/106/3 (7.10.1987) 179 KOHLRABI (Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 seedling: colour of cotyledons [All characteristics of the leaf should be recorded on the outer leaf of the adult plant. All characteristics of the kohlrabi should be recorded at harvest time.] 4 leaf: attitude 5 leaf blade: size 6 leaf blade: shape 7 leaf blade: colour 10 leaf blade: lobing 18 petiole: length 19 petiole: thickness 22 kohlrabi: shape (in longitudinal section) 24 kohlrabi: colour of skin 25 start of harvest maturity (when 50% of kohlrabis reach 7cm diameter) SECONDARY Vegetative 3 foliage: petiole crossing of one or two leaves __________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/65/3 (12.11.1980) 180 CURLY KALE (Brassica oleracea L. var sabellica L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 2 plant: height [All observations on the young and the fully developed leaf should be taken when the plant is vegetatively fully developed.] 6 leaf blade: colour of young leaf 8 leaf blade: colour of fully developed leaf 11 leaf blade: length 12 leaf blade: width 14 leaf blade: curling 16 petiole: attitude 17 petiole: length 10 leaf blade: shape SECONDARY Vegetative 18 petiole: width ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/90/3 (7.11.1984) 181 CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef. var botrytis) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on leaves should be taken on the outer adult plant; all observations on the curd should be taken at harvest.] At flowering 1 seedling: anthocyanin colouration 3 plant: size (at time of harvest) 4 outer stem: length 5 leaf: attitude 7 leaf: shape 10 leaf: colour 13 leaf: blistering 15 leaf: undulation of margin 16 leaf: degree of undulation of margin 19 curd: covering by inner leaves 20 curd: size 21 curd: shape in longitudinal section 22 curd: doming 23 curd: colour 29 flower: colour SECONDARY Vegetative 15 leaf: undulation of margin ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/45/3 (19.11.1976) 182 SPROUTING BROCCOLI, CALABRESE (Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef. var cymosa Duch.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: size - stem: length - stem: branching - leaf: attitude - leaf: shape - leaf: green colour - leaf: undulation of margin - head: formation - head: size - head: shape of longitudinal section - head: green colour - head: firmness head: bracts ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 183 SAVOY CABBAGE, WHITE CABBAGE and RED CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var sabauda L.) (Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var alba DC) (Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var rubra DC) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf and the head should be taken just before harvest.] 1 plant: height at harvest maturity 3 plant: length of outer stem 4 plant: attitude of outer leaves 8 outer leaf: blistering 10 outer leaf: crimping (savoy cabbage only) 11 outer leaf: colour with wax 18 head: shape of longitudinal section 21 head: diameter 23 head: cover 25 head: blistering of cover leaf (savoy cabbage only) 26 head: colour of cover leaf 27 head: anthocyanin colour of cover leaf (white and savoy cabbage only) 33 head: length of the interior stem in relation to length of head 34 time of harvest maturity ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/48/4 (Proj) (7.6.1991) 184 BRUSSELS SPROUT (Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea var gemmifera DC) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 plant: height [All observations on the plant and leaves should be recorded at the beginning of sprout formation.] 3 leaf blade: size 4 leaf blade: colour 5 leaf blade: intensity of colour 7 leaf blade: cupping 8 leaf blade: blistering [All observations on the sprout should be recorded at the mid-point of the stem, when the sprouts are fully developed] 10 petiole: attitude 12 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 13 sprout: size 14 sprout: shape of longitudinal section 15 sprout: colour 16 sprout: opening of outer leaves 18 start of harvest maturity SECONDARY Vegetative 6 leaf blade: waxiness 9 leaf blade: reflexing of margin ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/54/6 (12.10.1990) 185 CHINESE CABBAGE (Brassica pekinensis L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the plant and the leaf should be made before harvest maturity.] 1 plant: height 5 outer leaf: blistering 7 outer leaf: colour 12 outer leaf: undulation of margin 19 head: shape in longitudinal section 22 head: intensity of colour of wrapper leaves 27 head: time of formation SECONDARY Vegetative 21 head: colour of wrapper leaves ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/105/3 (7.10.1987) 186 TURNIP (Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf and the root should be recorded on control plots sown at a time to keep plants in the vegetative stage. All observations on the leaf should be made on fully developed leaves.] At flowering [All observations on the flower and the plant should be recorded on control plots sown at a time chosen so that the plants are induced.] Seedling 6 leaf: attitude 8 leaf: green colour 9 leaf: lobes 21 root: chlorophyll colouration of skin at top 22 root: anthocyanin colouration of skin at top 27 root: colour of flesh 30 root: general shape 42 flower: colour of petal 43 flower: length of petal 44 flower: width of petal 2 ploidy: number SECONDARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf and root should be recorded on control plots at a time to keep the plants in the vegetative stage.] 10 leaf: number of lobes 14 leaf: length (blade and petiole) 15 leaf: width (widest point) [All observations on the 19 root: position in soil leaf should be made at the vegetative stage.] 20 root: cork layer around skin ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 187 TURNIP (continued) (Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg) Stage of examination At flowering [All observations on the flower and the plant should be recorded on control plots at a time chosen so that the plants are induced.] UPOV character number * Character description 23 root: expression of anthocyanin colouration of skin at top 26 root: colour of skin below ground 31 root: length 32 root: width 33 root: relative position of widest point 35 root: crown shape 36 root: shape of base 37 plant: height at appearance of flowering of bud 39 time of flowering in year of sowing for spring sown trials (50% of plants with at least one open flower) 41 time of flowering in year after year of sowing for autumn sown trials (50% of plants with at least one open flower) 45 plant: length of stem 46 plant: diameter of stem (about 10 cm above root neck) ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/37/7 (21.10.1988) 188 SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY Vegetative [All characteristics on the leaf should be recorded on a level in flower] UPOV Character Number * Character description 1 seedling: anthocyanin colouration of hypocotyl 4 plant: length of internodes 5 plant: anthocyanin colouration at nodes 7 leaf: length 8 leaf: width At fruiting 13 fruit: colour before maturity [All characteristics on the fruit unless otherwise indicated should be recorded on normally fertilised mature fruits (half of surface coloured) the 2nd or 3rd flowered node.] 15 fruit: attitude 19 fruit: shape of longitudinal section 21 fruit: shape of cross section (at level of placenta) 22 fruit: colour at maturity 25 fruit: stalk cavity 27 fruit: shape of apex 29 fruit: average number of locules 31 fruit: thickness of flesh 32 fruit: taste 37 time of beginning of flowering (first flower on second flowering node on 50% of plant) At flowering SECONDARY Vegetative 3 plant: length of stem (from cotyledons to first flower) ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/76/3 (12.11.1980) 189 ENDIVE (Cichorium endivia L.) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the plant and the leaf should be made just before harvest maturity. The observations on the leaf should be made on leaves excluding the outer and centre leaves.] 3 heart: shape in longitudinal section 4 heart: colour 5 heart: intensity of green colour 9 leaf: length 10 leaf: maximum width 12 leaf: colour 14 leaf: dissection 15 leaf: degree of dissection (only varieties of cut endive and intermediate types) 18 leaf: undulation of margin (only varieties of plain endives) 21 leaf: length of non green midrib without lamina in relation to total length of leaf (only varieties of cut endive and intermediate types) 22 leaf base: width 23 leaf: colour of base of midrib (only varieties of cut endive and intermediate types) 24 stem: height 28 stem: shape of stipules (only varieties of plain endive) 29 flower: colour 31 time of bolting ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/118/3 (21.10.1988) 190 LEAF CHICORY (Cichorium intybus L. (partim)) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - leaf: anthocyanin colouration (5-6 leaves) - head: head: head: head: - leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: leaf: - earliness: time formation (at harvest maturity) shape in longitudinal section colour of outer leaves length (at harvest maturity) width attitude colour colour of midrib anthocyanin colouration anthocyanin distribution type of distribution shape upper surface undulation of margin root: branching ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 191 WATER MELON (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakai) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number # Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be recorded on fully developed leaves.] - stem: anthocyanin - leaf: form At flowering - flower: sexual type At fruiting [All observations on the fruit should be made on mature fruits.] - fruit: size - fruit: shape - fruit: surface - fruit: colour - fruit: intensity of green colour - fruit: stripes - fruit: type of stripe - fruit: flesh colour - ploidy: number - seed: presence - seed: size - seed: colour Seedling SECONDARY Seed [All observations on the seed should be made on mature and dry seeds after washing and drying in the shade.] earliness: time ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 192 MELON (Cucumis melo L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be recorded on fully developed leaves] 1 hypocotyl: length (first true leaf stage) 5 leaf blade: size Flowering 14 inflorescence: sex expression Fruit [All observations on fruit should be made on mature fruits, unless otherwise stated.] 15 fruit: ground colour of skin before maturity 17 fruit: length 18 fruit: diameter 19 fruit: ratio of length to diameter 20 fruit: position of maximum width 21 fruit: shape of longitudinal section 22 fruit: ground colour of skin at maturity 24 fruit: secondary colours of skin 25 fruit: distribution of secondary colours of skin 30 fruit: abscission of peduncle 32 fruit: shape of base 33 fruit: shape of apex 34 fruit: size of pistil scar 35 fruit: grooves 36 fruit: maximum width between grooves 39 fruit: creasing of surface __________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 193 MELON (continued) (Cucumis melo L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description 40 fruit: cork formation 41 fruit: thickness of cork layer 42 fruit: pattern of cork formation 44 fruit: colour of grooves 48 fruit: main colour of flesh 50 fruit: colour of flesh of outer layer ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/104/4 Add (21.10.1988) 194 CUCUMBER, GHERKIN (Cucumis sativus L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Flowering 13 plant: sex expression (bisexual flowers excluded) Fruit [All observations on fruits should be made between market stage and colour change of fruit.] 16 fruit: length 20 fruit: neck (cucumbers only) 24 fruit: ground colour of skin 26 fruit: ribs 28 fruit: type of vestiture 30 fruit: colour of vestiture 34 fruit: mottling 43 cotyledons: bitterness 15 parthenocarpy SECONDARY Fruit 18 fruit: shape of cross section ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc. No. TG/61/3 (15.11.1978) 195 SQUASH, PUMPKIN (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be recorded on fully developed leaves.] - plant: growth habit - stem: tendrils - leaf blade: incisions leaf blade: surface spines (setae) leaf blade: marbling - petiole: spines (setae) At flowering - female flower: ring at base of corolla female flower: colour or ring at base of corolla At fruiting [All observations on the fruit should be made on mature fruits.] - mature fruit: shape mature fruit: surface mature fruit: ribs mature fruit: number of colours mature fruit: colour (single coloured fruit only) mature fruit: principal colour of fruit with more than one colour mature fruit: colour of ribs (if different from the rest of the fruit) mature fruit: colour of secondary colour mature fruit: mottling of colour mature fruit: colour of mottling mature fruit: size of flower scar mature fruit: length mature fruit: breadth ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 196 VEGETABLE MARROW, COURGETTE (Cucurbita pepo L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be made on fully developed leaves when the fruit starts developing and should exclude the lower external leaves.] At flowering [All observations on the ring of the corolla should be made when female and male flowers have appeared] Young fruit [All observations on the young fruit should be made on fruits five days after flowering.] 2 plant: growth habit 3 plant: branching 5 plant: attitude of petiole (bush varieties only) 9 leaf blade: incisions 11 leaf blade: marbling 18 female flower: ring at innerside of corolla 22 female flower: colour of pistil (before opening) 24 male flower: colour of ring at innerside of corolla 31 young fruit: length 32 young fruit: maximum diameter 33 young fruit: ratio length/maximum diameter 34 young fruit: neck 35 young fruit: curving of neck (on normally set fruits) 36 young fruit: number of colours 37 young fruit: major colour 39 young fruit: shape of cross section 40 young fruit: warts ___________________________________________________________________________ continued/ 197 VEGETABLE MARROW, COURGETTE (continued) (Cucurbita pepo L.) Stage of examination Fully developed fruit [All observations should be made when the fruit is fully developed and ready for harvesting.] UPOV character number * Character description 42 young fruit: colour of ribs compared to rest of fruit 43 young fruit: colour of linear bands on ribs 44 young fruit: mottling 45 young fruit: type of mottling 46 young fruit: colour of mottling of skin 48 young fruit: size of flower scar 49 young fruit: protrusion of flower scar 51 young fruit: main colour of peduncle 53 young fruit: mottling of peduncle 55 fruit: general shape 56 fruit: major colour 60 fruit: colour of stripes on ribs 62 fruit: colour of mottling on skin 64 fruit: maximum length 65 fruit: maximum diameter 66 fruit: ratio length/maximum diameter Ripe fruit 57 ripe fruit: major colour [All observations should be made on physiological 61 ripe fruit: colour of stripes on ribs ripe fruits] ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Doc No. TG/119/3 (21.10.1988) 198 Stability. CARDOON (Cynara cardunculus L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative [All observations on the plant should be recorded on mature plants.] [All observations on the leaf should be recorded on fully developed leaves.] - plant: height - plant: attitude - leaf blade: width - leaf blade: degree of curl - leaf: green colour - petiole: length - petiole: hollowness - petiole: degree of hollowness petiole: spines ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 199 CARROT (Daucus carota L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the foliage and the leaf should be made at the time of full development of the foliage.] 3 leaf: length (including petiole) 4 leaf: division 6 petiole: anthocyanin colouration [All observations on the carrot should be made at carrot maturity. Carrot maturity is recorded when the carrot is fully developed and the colour is no longer changing.] 7 carrot: length 8 carrot: width 10 carrot: shape of longitudinal section 11 carrot: shape of shoulder 12 carrot: crown shape 13 carrot: tip (when fully developed) 14 carrot: external colour 18 carrot: ridging of surface 19 carrot: diameter of core relative to total diameter 20 carrot: core colour 22 carrot: cortex colour 24 carrot: colour of core compared to cortex ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/49/6 (12.10.1990) 200 FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) Stage of examination UPOV character number # Character description PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Vegetative - plant: attitude - petiole: attitude - grumolo: general shape - grumolo: cross section - grumolo: height - grumolo: dimension of broad axis - grumolo: dimension of narrow axis - sheath: surface - sheath: overlapping - sprout: laterals - self blanching: presence earliness: time ___________________________________________________________________________ # There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for this species 201 LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY Vegetative [Unless otherwise indicated all characteristics of the plant, the head, the leaf and the leaf blade should be recorded at harvest maturity.] UPOV character number * Character description 1 dry seed: colour 4 seedling: anthocyanin colouration 9 plant: diameter 11 plant: intensity of heart formation 15 head: shape in longitudinal section 19 leaf: colour 20 leaf: anthocyanin colouration 22 leaf: distribution of anthocyanin 23 leaf: kind of anthocyanin distribution 26 leaf: blistering 35 stem: fasciation 37 time of harvest maturity 38 time of beginning of bolting under long day conditions 10 plant: heart formation SECONDARY Vegetative 12 head: overlapping of leaves ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/13/4 (26.10.1981) 202 TOMATO (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative 1 seedling: anthocyanin colouration of hypocotyl 2 plant: growth type 10 leaf: division of blade 11 leaf: type Flowering 16 flower: pubescence of style Fruit [All observations on the fruit should be taken on the 3rd fruit of the 2nd and 3rd truss at the beginning of the colouring at the fruit apex provided there has been normal fertilisation.] 20 fruit: size 21 fruit: shape in longitudinal section 23 fruit: cross section 30 fruit: predominant number of locules 31 fruit: green shoulder (before maturity) 35 fruit: colour (at maturity) 36 fruit: colour of flesh (at maturity) 38 time of maturity SECONDARY Fruit 22 fruit: ribbing at stem end ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/44/5 (proj) (7.6.1991) 203 PARSLEY (Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A. W. Hill) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be recorded on fully developed leaves.] 1 plant: height 3 plant: density of foliage 4 leaf blade: curling 5 leaf blade: intensity of curling 8 leaf blade: attitude 14 leaf blade: intensity of colour 21 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 22 root: thickening (leaf and root parsley) 23 root: length (root parsley only) 24 root: thickness (root parsley only) ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/136/4 (18.10.1991) 204 RUNNER BEAN (Phaseolus coccineus L.) Stage of examination PRIMARY [All observations on the pod should be made at fresh harvest maturity.] [All observations on the seed should be made at the mature dry stage.] UPOV character number * Character description 1 plant: growth habit 2 flower: colour 3 pod: length including beak 7 pod: string 8 seed: number of colours 9 seed: main colour 10 seed: secondary colour 11 seed: appearance of secondary colour ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/9/4 (21.10.1988) 205 FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY 2 plant: growth type [All observations of the growth habit and on leaves should be taken at time or full flowering.] 6 leaf: green colour [All observations on the pod should be taken at the commencement of seed swelling.] 11 time of flowering: 50% of the plants with at least one flower 13 14 15 flower: size of bracts flower: colour of standard flower: colour of wings 17 19 20 22 23 25 30 pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: pod: 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 seed: size (1000 seed weight at dry stage) seed: shape of median longitudinal section seed: colour seed: main colour seed: number of secondary colours seed: main secondary colour seed: distribution of main secondary colour seed: colour of hilar ring 45 length (including beak) cross section through seed thickness ground colour pigmentation colour of pigmentation string length of beak 26 pod: degree of curvature SECONDARY ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/12/4 (19.11.1982) 206 RADISH (Raphanus sativus L. var niger (Mill.) S. Kerner) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All characteristics of the leaf should be recorded on the fully developed 4th leaf at harvest maturity.] [All characteristics of the radish should be recorded at harvest maturity.] 1 ploidy: number 5 leaf: attitude 6 leaf: length 8 leaf blade: colour 10 leaf blade: lobes (division to midrib) 12 leaf blade: number of lobes (division to midrib) 16 petiole: anthocyanin colouration 17 radish: length 18 radish: thickness 19 radish: shape 22 radish: colour of skin At maturity 26 time of harvest maturity ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/63/3 (13.11.1980) 207 SCORZONERA, BLACK SALSIFY (Scorzonera hispanica L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations should be made when the plant is vegetatively fully developed.] 1 plant: height 2 foliage: green colour 3 leaf: gloss 4 leaf: attitude 5 leaf: length 6 leaf: width 10 root: predominant shape 11 root: length 14 root: end 15 root: colour ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/116/3 (21.10.1988) 208 EGG PLANT (Solanum melongena L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the leaf should be made on flowering branches.] 3 plant: attitude 6 stem: anthocyanin colouration 9 branch: length of internodes 11 leaf: margin 15 leaf: colour At start of flowering 14 time of start of flowering At flowering 16 flower: purple colour At fruiting stage [All observations on the fruit should be made on normally developed fruits.] 17 fruit: length 19 fruit: ratio length/diameter 20 fruit: general shape 21 fruit: size of pistil scar 22 fruit: shape of apex 24 fruit: curvature (for cylindrical types) 25 fruit: colour of skin (at commercial harvest) 27 fruit: stripes 33 fruit: anthocyanin colouration below calyx 35 fruit: anthocyanin colouration of calyx 38 fruit: colour of flesh ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/117/3 (21.10.1988) 209 SPINACH (Spinacia oleracea L.) Stage of examination UPOV character number * Character description PRIMARY Seed Vegetative [All characteristics of the leaf should be observed at the 7th leaf of the adult plant.] Flowering [The characteristics relating to flowering should be observed at the beginning of fruit setting.] 2 seed: spines 10 leaf: colour 11 leaf: intensity of colour 13 leaf: lobing 18 leaf: shape of blade 19 leaf: length of the midrib 25 flowering plant: proportion of monoecious plants 28 flowering plant: proportion of male plants without leaves 30 start of bolting: 10% of plants SECONDARY Vegetative 12 leaf: blistering ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/55/3 (17.11.1977) 210 CORN SALAD, LAMB’S LETTUCE (Valerianella locusta L. and Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.) Stage of examination UPOV Character number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All characters of the plant and the leaf should be recorded at harvest maturity.] At the beginning of flowering 3 plant: attitude 6 leaf: length 7 leaf: width 8 leaf: shape 9 leaf: green colour 10 leaf: gloss 11 leaf: appearance of upper side 12 leaf: profile in cross section (inner leaves) 13 leaf blade: profile in longitudinal section of apical part 19 time of beginning of bolting (10% of plants) At maturity 1 seed size ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/75/3 (12.11.1980) 211 BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba L. (partim)) Stage of examination UPOV Character Number * Character description PRIMARY Vegetative [All observations on the plant and the leaf should be made at green shell stage.] At flowering [All observations should be made on the flower when it just opens and on the flower on the largest flower at the second flowering node.] At pod formation [All observations on the pod should be made at full development of the pods.] - growth: habit 2 plant: height 13 time of flowering: (50% of plants with at least one flower open) 15 flower: melanin spot on wing petal 17 flower: anthocyanin colouration of standard petal 21 pod: length Seed 29 seed: 1000 seed weight [All observations on the seed should be made 30 seed: colour of testa on seed harvested in the dry stage.] 31 seed: black pigmentation of hilum ___________________________________________________________________________ * Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability. Doc No. TG/08/4 (7.11.1984) 212