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OECD SCHEMES FOR THE VARIETAL CERTIFICATION OF SEED
MOVING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
GUIDELINES
FOR CONTROL PLOT TESTS
AND FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
PARIS 2001
June 2001 edition
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June 2001 edition
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
4
PART I.
5
PART II.
PART III.
CONTROL PLOT TESTS
Purpose
Pre-control
Post-control
Off-season control
Standard Sample
Previous cropping
Control plot layout
Husbandry
Recording
Laboratory tests
Reject numbers
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10
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12
13
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FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS
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Purpose
Principles
Previous cropping
Authentication
Varietal identity
Condition of the crop
Isolation
Species purity
Varietal purity
-- Requirements for all crops
-- Additional requirements for hybrid crops
Inspection of conformity to percentage standards
-- Impurities counting
-- Sampling areas
-- Reject numbers
Inspection of conformity to maximum number per unit area standards
-- Method A / Double plan
-- Method B / Sequential sampling
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CHARACTERISTICS FOR ASSESSING VARIETAL PURITY
Index of species by botanical alphabetic order
Index of species by OECD Seed Scheme
Characteristics by Species
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INTRODUCTION
1.
The OECD Schemes for the varietal certification of seed moving in international trade, hereafter
called the “OECD Seed Schemes”, are a set of procedures, methods and techniques which enables
monitoring of the quality of seed during the multiplication process and which ensure that both the varietal
identity and the varietal purity of varieties is maintained and safeguarded.
2.
Various checks are made at different stages of seed production to ensure that mechanical
admixtures, mutations, out-pollination by undesirable pollen and other unforeseen occurrences have not
prejudiced the quality of the seed in any way.
3.
In order to do this, the characteristics which distinguish one variety from another have to be
established so that it is possible to identify seed crops and seed lots as being consistent with the known
characteristics of the variety recognised at the time of Registration. These characteristics are used not only
for confirming varietal identity or trueness to type but also varietal purity; they need to be suitable for use
in field conditions, although there are also a few characters which in some species relate to the seed itself.
4.
The assessment of varietal identity and purity during seed production is crucial for maintaining
high standards of seed quality.
5.
The seed producer must ensure that nothing happens during the growing of the seed crop, the
harvesting operation, the processing, bagging and labelling of the seed lot or the subsequent distribution
which could adversely affect seed quality.
6.
The OECD Seed Schemes provide two procedures which are designed to check the progress of a
variety at different stages in the seed production process. These are as follows:
(a) Tests on plants grown in control plots, and laboratory tests on seeds and seedlings, using
samples of seed drawn from lots ;
(b) Field inspection of growing seed crops, on one or more occasions, to report on their condition.
In making these tests and inspections it is essential to adopt technical methods which will achieve
results of sufficient accuracy and reliability, yet can be operated within the limits of available resources.
7.
The methods described in these Guidelines have been found, over a period of many years, to give
satisfactory results and provide the principles upon which such methods should be based. They have been
adopted by most OECD Member and Non member countries participating in the OECD Seed Schemes and
exchanging certified seed in international trade. The National Designated Authority responsible in each
country for the operation of the OECD Seed Schemes is required to use the methods outlined or to adapt
them where local conditions make this necessary; such adaptations should, however, conform to the
general principles established in the present Guidelines.
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Part I.
CONTROL PLOT TESTS
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Part I.
CONTROL PLOT TESTS
Purpose
8.
Control plot tests are used to monitor the identity and purity of variety (being hybrid or nonhybrid), at various stages in the seed multiplication programme, thereby assuring the Designated Authority
that the quality of seed produced in the OECD Schemes is of a satisfactory level.
9.
The control plot tests are designed to answer two questions:
(a) Does the sample generally conform to the description of the variety, thereby confirming its
identity ;
(b) Does the sample conform to the published standards for varietal purity.
10.
The first question can be answered by making a visual comparison between the control plot,
sown with a sample of seed representative of t he seed lot, and a plot grown from a reference sample,
hereafter referred to as the “Standard Sample”.
11.
The second question requires the identification of off-type plants within the control plot so that
their numbers can be related to the standards published in the OECD Seed Schemes. This test measures
the uniformity of the seed lot and determines whether or not the characteristics of the variety have
remained unchanged during seed multiplication; it will also indicate the effectiveness of limiting the
number of crop generations.
Pre-control
12.
When a seed lot is being multiplied to produce a further generation of seed, the information
provided by a control plot is invaluable in that it gives the Designated Authority data on identity and
quality which are available before --or about the same time-- as the next seed crop is ready for field
inspection. In this instance the test, which is referred to as a pre-control test, is grown simultaneously with
the seed crop of the following generation. It provides important and essential information which is
additional to that obtained at the seed crop inspection and becomes an integral part of the process of
certifying seed.
13.
There should be conformity between the pre-control plot results and those from the field
inspection. If the results do not conform, the evidence must be carefully examined and the decision to
reject will depend on the circumstances; the off-type characteristic may be such that it can be seen in the
plot, but is less easily observed in the seed crop (e.g. a transient characteristic which can be seen only at a
particular stage of development of the plant). In some rare instances it may be evident that the control plot
result is not representative of the seed lot as it appears in the seed crop suggesting that the sampling
procedure is at fault. Differences between the field inspection and the control plot could also result if
herbicides have been used causing distortion of plant characters in the field, if volunteer plants are present
in the seed crop or if the seed producer has reduced the number of off-types in the field by roguing.
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14.
Although field inspections are an essential requirement of OECD Seed Schemes, there are many
advantages available to Designated Authorities in conducting Pre-control plots. These are as follows:
(a) Plants representing the seed lot of the variety can be observed as frequently as is necessary.
(b) The observation period can be extended from seedling emergence to full maturity.
(c) All plants in the control plot population can be examined in detail if necessary.
(d) A comparison can be made with the Standard Sample.
(e) Comparisons can also be made with seed lots of the same variety in the same and previous
generations.
(f) One expert can make judgements on all control plots for all varieties and categories thus
ensuring the standardisation of recording.
(g) Where the land is free from volunteers and clean machines have been used for sowing, the
Designated Authority can be certain that all off-type plants observed in the control plot have
arisen from the seed sample.
(h) Designated Authorities may use an adverse pre-control plot test result to reject seed crops
sown with the same seed lot.
Post-control
15.
When a control plot is grown as a post-control test to monitor the quality of the seed produced,
the results are not usually available until the end of the next growing season after the seed was harvested.
16.
Very often the seed lot to which the post-control relates was used to sow either another seed crop
or a commercial food or industrial crop, and the test result will come too late for remedial action unless the
seed lot --or parts of it-- was not commercialised. These post-control tests are nevertheless valuable
because they monitor how efficient or not the seed production process has been in maintaining varietal
purity and identifying ways in which the system might be improved. By allowing comparisons between
plants grown from the seed lot produced and those grown from the Standard Sample, the Designated
Authority can monitor quality and give assurance that the minimum standards are being upheld.
17.
For seed to be further multiplied, one control plot can serve two functions: that of
post-controlling a seed lot from the last harvest and pre-controlling a seed crop for the next harvest.
18.
In the case of hybrid varieties, because the varietal identity and purity of the hybrid cannot be
verified in the seed production field, it is necessary to assure production quality in the post-control plots.
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19.
The hybrid variety observed in post-control plots must be true to a variety, and the plants must
conform to the characteristics of the hybrid listed by the Designated Authority at the time of the
Registration.
20.
The parental components for the production of the hybrid variety must be observed in the
pre-control plots.
Off-season control
21.
In order to obtain results from observations in control plots without waiting for the end of the
following growing season, it is possible to conduct these tests (pre-control and post-control) in a region of
another hemisphere. The quality of the basic seed, of hybrid parental components, and of noncommercialised seed in stock can thus be determined before the following sowing period.
Standard Sample
22.
The checking of varietal identity and purity in pre-and post-control can be done best by
comparing plants grown from a sample of the seed lot with plants grown from seed of the variety
“Standard Sample”.
23.
The purpose of the Standard Sample is to provide a living description of the variety; its supply,
maintenance and authentication are critical.
24.
It is important to take into account that there are often two official reference samples held by the
authorities responsible for Registration and Certification.
25.
The first is the sample which is used by the Authority in charge on the National List of Varieties.
When a new variety is submitted for registration, the Listing Authority uses a sample as the official
standard in tests for assessing distinctness, homogeneity and stability (hereafter called “Definitive
Sample”). It is the Listing Authority which retains and uses the Definitive Sample primarily for
Registration purposes. The sample should be sufficiently large to satisfy requests for small quantities of
seed both from within the participant country and also from other Listing Authorities. In some cases it
may be difficult to satisfy requests for seed from Designated Authorities for certification purposes, since
the quantities required may be large and therefore would use up the Definitive Sample too quickly.
26.
The second reference sample is the Standard Sample. It is used by the Designated Authority as
the official standard in pre-and post-control plots against which all other samples of seed of the variety in
seed certification are judged for trueness to variety. It is the Designated Authority which retains and uses
the Standard Sample of listed varieties specifically for use in seed certification. Before use, the Standard
Sample should be checked and verified by both the Listing Authority and the Designated Authority to
ensure that it is authentic and identical to the Definitive Sample.
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27.
The Standard Sample should be obtained by the Designated Authority direct from the breeder or
the maintainer. Alternatively, where relatively large amounts of seed of the Standard Sample are required,
not only for the annual establishment of control plot tests of certified seed, but also to meet requests for
seed from other Designated Authorities, it is permitted to use a sample from a Pre-basic seed lot which has
been checked for uniformity and trueness to variety against the Definitive Sample.
28.
In the case of synthetic varieties of allogamous species and all hybrid cultivars, it is the final
generation of Certified seed which will constitute the Standard Sample. For certain species and for hybrid
varieties it may be necessary to have separate Standard Samples which represent the inbred lines and
parental components which are used at the Basic and Pre-basic seed level to produce the hybrid cultivar.
29.
Some countries may use the Definitive Sample in place of the Standard Sample for seed control
plot tests and in these cases the Definitive Sample has a dual function. However, this will only be
practicable where the demands for certification control purposes are small.
30.
In the case of Standard Samples of varieties originating from the country of another Designated
Authority it is essential for the Standard Sample to be obtained from that Authority and not directly from
the breeder.
31.
The Standard Sample which is recognised as truly providing a living description of the variety
during the test period is the most reliable standard by which seed certification samples can be judged. It
should be used in conjunction with the official description bearing in mind that the description of varieties
may have some limitations since it is not always sufficiently precise for the purpose of classifying and
identifying varieties.
32.
When the germination of the Standard Sample begins to fall or the stock of seed needs
replenishing, a new sample should be requested. There must, however, be sufficient time allowed for the
comparison of the new sample and the old sample in a field test for at least one cropping season in order to
check its authenticity and before the original Standard Sample is discarded.
Previous cropping
33.
In siting control plots, the Designated Authority or its agent must take care to ensure that the field
is suitable. There must be no risk of contamination from volunteer plants of the same or closely related
species or similar crop groups. This is done by checking the previous cropping of the field to be used and
ensuring that a carefully planned rotation has allowed the field to be cleaned after harvest of seeds shed by
both crop plants and weed species.
34.
Seeds which remain dormant or which are prevented from germinating before being cultivated
into the soil can present special problems. The seed of a number of species of crop plants can survive in
the soil for a number of years if the conditions are suitable. Seeds with a high oil content such as those of
rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa) are known to remain viable for many years, but
there is also evidence that seeds of small grained cereals can also survive for several years when conditions
are favourable.
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Control plot layout
35.
The control plot tests should be designed in such a way that observations can be easily made.
36.
A simple layout with all samples of the same variety grouped together will provide the best basis
for comparison with the Standard Sample included for reference (this is also true for the hybrid variety
components). It is also an advantage to put similar varieties in close proximity to highlight whatever slight
differences exist between them.
37.
Within a variety, recording is facilitated if related seed lots which share the same antecedent are
sown in neighbouring plots. In this way contaminants seen in one plot can be readily examined for their
presence in another.
38.
The plots should be duplicated in another part of the field whenever possible and if resources
permit, so that additional data can be obtained. For some categories of seed it may be essential to replicate
in order to achieve the minimum number of plants for recording. When characteristics have to be
measured, a more formal design is required such as a randomised block layout. For some species of
grasses and fodder legumes it may be necessary to use a spaced plant design for the control plots to allow
measurements of morphological characters such as leaf length, leaf width, plant height etc. to be made on
single plants.
39.
The design of the test should be such as to enable appropriate statistical analysis of the results
and a decision to be reached on the basis of conventional confidence limits.
40.
In the determination of varietal purity, the standards are expressed either as a percentage of the
population or where plant populations are not easily determined as a number per unit area. The off-type
plant count in the plot can be used to give a probability of the seed lot meeting the published standards
provided the plot size is sufficiently large. Reject numbers should be used which relate the number of
off-type plants observed in a sample to a published standard in such a way that reasonable account is taken
of the risks of incorrect acceptance or rejection of the seed lot. The degree of risk is related to the sample
size.
Husbandry
41.
plots.
A good uniform seed bed is desirable to promote the rapid and uniform establishment of control
42.
The husbandry requirements for control plots are usually similar to those for commercial crops
with the exceptions that variety differences and characteristics should be maintained whenever possible
and the condition of the plots should permit examination throughout all the relevant growth stages. It may
be necessary to keep fertiliser levels at a minimum in order to avoid lodging, especially in cereal crops.
43.
Care should also be taken in the use of herbicides and plant growth regulators which could affect
the morphology of the plant.
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Recording
44.
Recording of the control plots should start when plants reach growth stages at which varietal
characteristics can be observed. According to the species this can be during vegetative growth stages, at
flowering or at full maturity. Control plots can also be recorded for species purity and for the presence of
seed-borne diseases.
45.
The main characteristics which may be used in control plot tests is included in the latter part of
the document. For many species it is based on the characters included in the UPOV Guidelines for the
Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability, and is divided into “primary” and
“secondary” characteristics. It is recommended that primary characteristics, which are usually obligatory
for the purposes of UPOV descriptions, are assessed in the case of OECD control plots.
46.
Recording varietal or species purity --or levels of seed-borne disease-- involves the identification
of plants which are different in appearance. Plants which are atypical for major plant characters should be
examined in more detail. A method of recording the individuals and identifying them is required so that
they are not counted again on future visits; labels, markers or coloured wool have been used successfully
for this purpose.
47.
The average plant population of each control plot should be estimated in order to be able to
calculate the level of impurities present. Where the number of variants in a plot is close to or in excess of
the likely reject value the plant population should be more accurately assessed.
48.
Although it is usually possible to see when a plot has the wrong identity or is badly contaminated
with an off-type plant it may, however, be difficult to decide whether or not an individual plant should be
classed as an off-type. Such decisions require the experience of a plot recorder who is an expert in the
examination of the morphological characteristics of the species under study and also has detailed
knowledge of the characteristics of the variety.
49.
“Subjective” judgements must be made with the help of the variety description, as to whether the
off-type is a genetic variant or whether a normal variation between plants has been exaggerated by
environmental factors. In general terms, the recorder should ignore small variations and only include
clearly distinct off-types in the final count which may determine acceptance or rejection of the sample.
50.
In plots where the number of off-type plants can be counted in relation to the total number of
plants in the population, and if population is sufficiently large, then it is possible to calculate a probability
of the seed lot being of the required level of varietal purity.
51.
In the case of male sterile hybrid component, in addition to the varietal purity assessment, all the
plants of the plot should be carefully checked to determine if any are producing viable pollen.
52.
Particular case of hybrid rye (Secale cereale). Hybrid rye seed production involves the physical
mixing of a restoring pollinator with a single-cross hybrid. The sample drawn from the resulting three-way
cross hybrid production is consequently a mixture of the hybrid seeds and of self-pollinated pollinator
seeds. This must be considered when counting impurities in the post-control plots.
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Laboratory tests
53.
In addition to the examination of plants in control plots there are a few laboratory seed tests
which can be used for identifying the varieties of some species.
54.
A first classification can sometimes be made from a visual observation of seed characters such as
shape, size, colour ornamentation or other physical features. Generally, this will identify not only the
species but also a classification group and may even identify individual seeds which are admixtures in the
sample.
55.
Germinated seeds can often show additional characteristics as for example in the presence or
absence of anthocyanin pigmentation in the coleoptile of rye (Secale cereale).
56.
In some species the ploidy level can be used to classify varieties, for example diploid and
tetraploid ryegrass (Lolium perenne).
57.
A second classification may be possible in some species using chemical tests such as
electrophoresis. In others such as rape (Brassica napus), tests for erucic acid and glucosinolate content can
be used; for wheat (Triticum aestivum) the reaction of seeds to phenol has been used successfully to
identify seeds which are possibly variants.
58.
Some Designated Authorities also examine seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare) for morphological
characters which have been used in the classification and description of a variety but which can only be
observed under the microscope.
59.
The use of electrophoresis and other chemotaxanomic techniques have been used successfully to
identify varieties in some crop species. This technique has proven to be useful for the purposes of
Registration where the number of seeds which need to be tested for a particular variety is relatively small.
It seems unlikely, however, that electrophoresis will be used large-scale in seed certification for
determining varietal purity because of the high costs involved in testing large numbers of seeds for each
seed lot. Electrophoresis may be used for confirming the identity of small numbers of individual seeds
where other tests have been inconclusive.
60.
In the case of hybrid varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), rape (Brassica napus) or maize
(Zea mays), it is possible to estimate the level of hybridity by using electrophoresis. The varietal purity of
these species hybrids can also be estimated with this technique.
Reject numbers
61.
The concept of “reject numbers” is to relate the number of off-type plants observed in a sample to
a published standard in such a way that reasonable account is taken of the risks of incorrect acceptance of
rejection of the seed lot.
62.
A set of “reject tables” is used rather than a straightforward application of the standard. The
standards are converted into reject values using the binomial probability distribution. A sample is
considered to be non-conforming to the standard -- and rejected-- if the number of off-type plants is equal
to or greater than the reject number for a given population.
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63.
In choosing a sample size, the costs and time involved in observing large samples have to be
balanced against the risks of reaching a wrong decision. As a general rule, a sample size of 4 x n can be
used when the standard level to be applied is 1 for n.
64.
Table 1 below provides the reject numbers for various sample sizes and standards.
Example: For a varietal purity standard of 99.9%, i.e. an impurities threshold of 1 per 1000, the rejection
rule [i.e. 9 or more off-type plants out of a sample of 4000 plants observed] limits the risk of
incorrectly rejecting a seed lot to 5 % (D0.05).
Note:
This system is biased in favour of the seed producer, since the risk of an incorrect acceptance of a
seed lot is higher than the risk of an incorrect rejection.
65.
Reject numbers above the lines in Table 1 (white background) are not as reliable as those below
(grey background), because the sample size is insufficiently large and there is a greater risk of an incorrect
acceptance of unsatisfactory seed lots.
Table 1. : Reject numbers for various sample sizes and varietal purity standards (D0.05)
Sample size
(plants/ears)
99.9%
Varietal purity standard
99.7%
99.0%
Reject number
200
300
400
1000
1400
2000
4000
---4
5
6
9
--4
7
9
11
19
Note: The symbol “--“ indicates that the sample size is too small for a valid test of the sample.
14
6
7
8
16
21
29
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Part II.
FIELD INSPECTION
OF SEED CROPS
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Part II. FIELD INSPECTION OF SEED CROPS
Purpose
66.
The field inspection of growing seed crops is the second procedure required by the
OECD Seed Schemes. The most important functions are to check that the seed crop shows the
characteristics of the variety which it claims to be (varietal identity) and to ensure there are no
circumstances which might be prejudicial to the quality of the seed to be harvested (varietal purity).
67.
Seed crops may be inspected frequently during the growing season. There must be at least one
inspection which is timed to allow the best opportunity to assess varietal identity and purity, but there may
be more.
68.
With many crops the ideal time for field inspections to be carried out is during the flowering
period or immediately before dehiscence of the anthers. With some crops a vegetative inspection is also
required and with others, observations at full maturity are essential.
69.
Although the technique of field inspection differs in detail depending on the particular features of
each species, the main principles for checking at field inspection are as follows:
(a) The previous cropping history of the field should be such that the risk of undesirable volunteer
plants of the same or related species contaminating the seed crop is reduced to a minimum.
(b) The seed crop should be sufficiently isolated from other crops to reduce the risk of
contamination with undesirable pollen.
(c) The crop should be physically isolated to prevent mechanical admixture at harvest.
(d) The seed crop should be isolated from sources of seed-borne disease.
(e) The seed crop should be reasonably free from weeds and other crop species, especially those
whose seeds may be difficult to separate from the seed crop during seed processing.
(f) The seed crop should be free from seed-borne diseases.
(g) The seed crop should have the correct varietal identity.
(h) There should not be more off-type plants present than the varietal purity standards allow.
(i) There should not be more plants of other species present than the standards allow.
(j) For hybrid varieties the proportion of male to female plants should be satisfactory and as
defined by the maintainer. The physical or genetic emasculation of female seed-bearing
plants should be effective.
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Principles
70.
The person conducting the field inspection should be provided with all information about the
seed crop. The inspector should be an expert in recognising the characteristics of the species which are
used for distinguishing varieties, and have a sound knowledge of the varieties to be inspected. The
information provided should include a description of the variety --or of the parental lines/components in
the case of hybrid production. He should also be informed of the history of the seed used to sow the seed
crop, together with results from the pre-control plot grown concurrently by the Designated Authority. The
cropping history of the field for the past five years should also be available to the inspector.
71.
The inspector is required to give an independent opinion of the seed crop and is responsible to the
Designated Authority. The function of the inspector is to report the state of the crop at the time of
inspection. The timing of the inspection may be such that some off-types may be hidden or difficult to
identify, in which case a second or subsequent inspection might be required before a decision can be
reached.
72.
The inspection of the seed crop should be supplemented by results from the pre-control plot,
which the Designated Authority has under continuous observation, and which will provide the inspector
with reliable data on all varietal identity and purity aspects relevant to the seed lot(s) used.
Previous cropping
73.
The crop inspector should interview the grower of the seed crop concerning details of the
previous cropping of the field. The grower should provide details relating to the crops grown on the field
for the previous five years. Information about possible sub-division of a field in previous years, or any
previous cropping with the same variety, can also be established at this time.
74.
In the case of hybrid production, the same field cannot be used consecutively for the same
species, to avoid the growth of fertile volunteers from hybrid seed production of previous years.
Authentication
75.
In order to authenticate the identity of the seed sown, growers should retain at least one label
from each seed lot used to sow the crop. The grower must also display a second label of each seed lot used
in the field, to be clearly visible to the inspector.
76.
For hybrids, labels of the seed lots used for male parent and for female parent must be kept and
verified.
77.
The purpose of this procedure is to check the details provided on the label against those on the
crop inspection form, and to confirm the identity of the variety.
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Varietal identity
78.
The first function of the field inspection is to examine the seed crop as a whole to ensure it is
consistent with the characteristics of the variety given in the official description. This is usually done by
walking into the seed crop and examining a reasonable number of plants. The actual number to be
examined in each case will depend on the complexity of the distinguishing characters and the uniformity of
the variety. Thus it would be necessary to examine a larger number of plants for allogamous species than
for autogamous species.
79.
For some species, positive confirmation of identity of individual varieties may not always be
possible in the seed crop, but it should always be possible to ensure that the crop is in the correct variety
group. Access to the control plots will allow the inspector to become familiar with the characteristics of
the variety and be aware of the differences with other varieties in the same variety group.
80.
In the case of hybrid varieties, the inspector must be able to identify without difficulty the male
parental line and the female parental line. He must check the varietal identity of each parental component
using the corresponding official descriptions.
Condition of the seed crop
81.
After having examined the field as a whole, the inspector should examine the field in more detail,
especially around the perimeter.
82.
Observations should be made for signs which would indicate that part of the field might have
been sown with different seed or might have become contaminated, for instance, in field gateways or on
headlands. Places in the field where sowing started should be located to check that the drilling equipment
used to sow the crop had been properly cleaned before use. Particular attention should also be given to the
presence of other crop species, weeds, seed-borne diseases, and verification of isolation from sources of
contaminating pollen.
83.
The general appraisal of the seed crop should determine whether or not it is in satisfactory
condition to permit the detailed examination of plants for varietal purity.
84.
Crops which are severely lodged, badly infested with weeds, stunted or poorly grown because of
disease, pests or other causes and which cannot be assessed for varietal purity should be rejected. The
inspector, however, could use the evidence of the pre-control plot to supplement the information in the
field in intermediate cases.
Isolation
85.
Isolation of the seed crop should be checked whilst walking around its perimeter. For crop
species which are cross-pollinated by insects or wind, this will involve checking all surrounding fields for
any crops lying within the minimum prescribed isolation distances which might cross-pollinate with the
seed crop.
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86.
Where the isolation distance between the hybrid seed crop and a source of contaminating pollen
is insufficient to satisfy the minimum requirements, the inspector must request partial or total destruction
of the contaminating source so that the desired isolation distance is met.
87.
When isolation is satisfied by the existence of a pollen barrier of the male parent of the hybrid
around the crop to produce the hybrid seed, the inspector must be assured of the coincidence of flowering
between the male and female parents.
88.
The minimum isolation distances are given in the OECD Seed Schemes.
89.
A map of the seed crop and the surrounding crops, provided by the grower, should alert the
inspector to potential sources of foreign pollen.
90.
The inspector should also look for volunteer plants or weeds, both in the seed crop and
neighbouring crops, which could also be a source of contaminating pollen. In the case of seed production
of hybrid Sorghum spp, he should look for any potential plants of other sorghum species (in particular
Aleppo Grass Sorghum halepense).
91.
Additionally, seed crops of autogamous species and apomictic varieties of smooth-stalked
meadowgrass (Poa pratensis) should be isolated from other crops by a definite barrier or a space sufficient
to prevent physical admixture during harvesting.
92.
Checks should also be made to ensure that seed crops are isolated from other crops which may be
infected with seed-borne diseases.
Species purity
93.
For many crop species, the rules of the Schemes do not include species purity standards to be
applied in the seed crops.
94.
Nevertheless, for some crop species, there are minimum species purity standards in addition to
those for varietal purity and these must be assessed at the time of crop inspection.
x
Grass and Legume Seed Scheme: see Appendix 2, section 7 for Lolium and for other species;
x
Seed Scheme for Crucifer and Other Oil or Fibre Species: see Appendix 2, section 7;
x
Maize and Sorghum Seed Scheme:
for non hybrid varieties of Sorghum bicolor and
Sorghum sudanese see Appendix 2, section 6 -- for Sorghum spp. varieties, see Appendix 2, section 10.
95.
In the case of seed crops that produce hybrid varieties of Sorghum spp., they shall contain
not more than 1 plant in 10 m2 of another species of Sorghum, the seeds of which are difficult to
distinguish in a laboratory test from the crop seeds or which will readily cross-pollinate with the crop being
grown for seed.
20
June 2001 edition
96.
If there are varietal impurities in addition to plants of other species, the inspector should add
these together and apply the appropriate varietal purity standard only, the procedures for which are given
below.
97.
Nevertheless, the presence of a number of crop species and weed species in a seed field can
create problems not only in the seed crop but also in the processing of the seed.
98.
In particular, the following are recognised as causing difficulties in some countries:
ryegrass (Lolium spp) and cereals in seed crops of other cereals species;
field pea (Pisum sativum), field bean (Vicia faba) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in
seed crops of lentil (Lens culinaris) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum);
cow pea (Vigna spp) in field pea (Pisum sativum).
99.
There are also a number of weed species which can prove difficult to clean from seed during seed
processing. The following associations have been identified in various countries:
ryegrass (Lolium remotum) in linseed (Linum usitatissimum);
wild mustard (Sinapis arvenis) in white mustard (Sinapis alba), rape (Brassica napus),
turnip rape (Brassica rapa) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea);
Aleppo sorghum (Sorghum halepensis) in hybrid Sorghum;
oat grass (Avena fatua), wheatgrass (Agropyron repens), wild radish (Raphanus
raphanistrum), (Gallium spp), (Bromus secalinus) and cockle (Lolium temulentum) in
cereals.
Varietal purity: Requirements for all crops
100.
Assuming crop location, authenticity, varietal identity, isolation and crop condition are all
satisfactory, the final stage in the inspection is the assessment of varietal purity.
101.
To do this it is necessary to follow a sampling procedure which will focus attention on small
areas of the seed crop for detailed examination.
102.
The number and size of these areas have to be related to the specific minimum varietal purity
standards appropriate to the crop species and the category of seed being produced.
103.
In deciding how many sample areas should be examined it is necessary to balance the
requirements for statistical accuracy and the need for reasonable confidence in the result on the one hand,
against the time available for making inspections on the other hand. This may involve a compromise in
favour of reducing the workload for practical reasons and, as a result, the risk of reaching the wrong
decision is increased. Generally, there is a bias in favour of accepting a crop which may have an impurity
level greater than the desired standard, but this can be justified since the standards set for varietal purity are
normally higher than is strictly necessary for commercial crop production.
104.
The location of the sampling areas should be such that the whole field is effectively covered and
means that the inspector should work by a pre-determined procedure. This, however, may have to be
adapted to the shape and size of each field, to the particular features of each species, but in particular
whether the standard for varietal purity is expressed as a percentage or as a maximum number of off-types
per unit area.
21
June 2001 edition
105.
The distribution of the sampling areas should be random and widespread so as to represent the
whole crop and there should be no conscious selection of areas which appear to be any better or worse than
the average for the crop. This can be achieved in practice by deciding on a pre-determined distance
between each sample area but should also take account of the direction of drilling so that each sampling
area should attempt to include a different pass of the seed drill.
106.
The 3rd part of the present document “Characteristics for assessing varietal purity” provide for
each species those morphological and physiological characters which have been found to be of greatest use
in distinguishing between varieties, thus finding the off-type plants (varietal impurities). The varietal
impurities may include other identifiable varieties, deviant plants or various varietal types.
107.
The impurities in the seed crop will differ considerably in the ease with which they can be
observed. Differences such as height, colour, shape, maturity are clearly identified but less obvious
impurities for example leaf shape, leaf hairiness, flower and seed characters may only be detected by
examining a particular part of the plant. Larger samples can be examined for obvious impurities than for
those which are less obvious and these should be taken at random and from as wide an area of the field as
possible.
108.
The results of the relevant control plot corresponding to the basic seed lots used should be made
available to the inspector. This will enable off-types found in the pre-control plot by the Designated
Authority to be positively confirmed in the seed crop. There may also be off-types which are present in the
seed crop but which were not observed as occurring in the control plot; these too need to be recorded and
taken into account when determining whether the crop is acceptable or not.
Varietal purity: Additional requirements for hybrid crops
109.
When inspecting crops to produce hybrid varieties, the inspector must be assured, before
verifying the varietal purity of the male and female components, that there has been no accidental mixing
of the two component rows.
110.
In the case of maize, sorghum and sunflower hybrid seed production, purification by roguing is
an acceptable method for obtaining varietal purity for one or other of the two parents. In this case, the
removal of plants aberrant for one or several characteristics must be done before any pollen is shed.
111.
In the case of using the male sterility, the inspector must be assured of the absence of male fertile
or partially male fertile plants in the female parent rows.
112.
In the case of mechanical emasculation for the production of maize hybrid seeds, the inspector
must be assured that it is applied before the female plants have shed any pollen, and above all before the
stigmas of the female plants are receptive.
113.
During the field visits, the inspector must be informed by the seed grower of the harvesting
conditions to ensure there will not be any risk of mixing between the male parent and the female parent.
The rows of the male parent will be harvested separately and before those of the female parent. This does
not concern production of hybrids of rye (Secale cereale) or rape (Brassica napus) where the male and
female lines are cultivated as mixed.
22
June 2001 edition
114.
The varietal purity of the hybrid obtained in the production crop can only be checked in a
post-control plot sown with a sample of the hybrid seed produced. However, the varietal purity can be
secured by ensuring that the following requirements are met:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
adequate isolation distances from sources of contaminating pollen;
good conditions for the pollen dissemination;
high levels of male sterility of the female parent;
low levels of sibling;
high levels of varietal purity of both parents;
separate harvesting of the male component ahead of the seed-bearing (female) parent.
Inspection of conformity to percentage standards
-- Impurities counting
115.
For standards expressed as a percentage, the number of impurities observed in the sample areas
has to be related to the plant population.
116.
An estimate of the plant population can be obtained by counting the number of plants or
ear-bearing tillers in a row of 1 metre length, but in the case of broadcast crops in 0.5 m2 areas.
117.
The population per hectare for crops in rows can be calculated using the following formula:
P = 1,000,000 M
W
where P = the plant population per hectare
M = the mean number of plants per metre length of row
W = the width between rows (in centimetres)
For some crops such as cereals it is usually quicker to count fertile tillers in the form of ears or panicles
rather than plants. An assumption then has to be made that each single plant will on average produce the
same number of ears so that the counts obtained are proportional. The value of M is obtained by counting
the number of plants or ear/panicles in a row of 1m length within each sample area and taking the mean.
118.
The population per hectare for broadcast crops can be calculated using the following formula:
P = 20,000 x N
where P
N
= the plant population per hectare
= the mean number of plants per 0.5 m2
The value of N is obtained by counting the number of plants or ears/panicles in an area of 0.5m2
within each sample area and taking the mean.
23
June 2001 edition
-- Sampling areas
119.
The size and number of sampling areas will vary depending on the species to be inspected, the
size of the field, whether the crop is drilled or broadcast, whether it is self or cross-pollinating and the
geographical area in which the crop is being grown. In practice, the Designated Authority will determine
the appropriate size and number of sampling areas for each crop to guarantee that sufficient plants are
examined in order to apply minimum standards for varietal purity.
120.
For cereals, ten sampling areas each of 20 m2 and containing an average of 500 ear-bearing tillers
2
per m , would give a total sampling population of 100,000. For other crop species this model should be
followed wherever possible but may have to be adapted according to local circumstances.
121.
In the case of crops sown in wide rows, the size of each sample could be a 20-25 m length of row
including the space between the rows. Thus for maize, sorghum and sunflower, some Designated
Authorities might consider a total of 1,000 plants to be a sufficiently large sample, while for soybean the
number could be 3,000 to 10,000 depending on the category to be inspected.
122.
Where crops are broadcast it may be possible to reduce the size of each sample area to ensure that
the total number of plants examined is not more than is required statistically to give a good estimate of
varietal purity.
123.
In general, the number of sampling areas should increase in proportion to the size of the field.
Because of higher standards for Pre-Basic and Basic Seed crops, the number of plants examined in these
higher category crops should also be larger than for Certified Seed.
124.
As a general rule, a sample size of 4 x n can be used when the impurities threshold is 1 for n;
thus for a minimum varietal purity of 99.9 per cent (1 in 1000) the sample size should be 4000.
125.
In some crops grown for hybrid seed production, it is essential to examine all plants in the sample
and to check not only for varietal purity but also that the standard for male sterility of the seed-bearing
parent has been achieved.
126.
For some crop species, there may be important distinguishing characters, which are described in
the official description, but which are too small to be examined under field conditions. These characters
could be critical in the assessment of uniformity of a variety and could indicate out-pollination, segregation
or mutation in the seed lot. In such circumstances, plants could be examined more easily under laboratory
conditions.
127.
The Designated Authority can rely mainly on the data from the pre-control plot and use the field
inspection results for confirmation only. Where there is an obvious discrepancy between the control plot
and the field data, it may be necessary to conduct further examinations in both areas so that a positive
decision can be reached.
24
June 2001 edition
--
Reject numbers
128.
For assessing crops against the standards, ’reject numbers’ as described in the previous section
relating to Control Plot Tests can be utilised (see paragraphs 61 to 65).
129.
Some examples are given in Tables 2 and 3 for a range of standards, populations and
corresponding reject numbers which might be encountered in a total sampling area of 200 square metres
(10 x 20 m2).
Table 2.: Reject numbers for a total sample area of 200 m2
for various varietal purity standards (99.5 to 99.9%)
Estimated population
(plants/ears per ha)
99.9%
600,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,800,000
2,100,000
2,400,000
2,700,000
3,000,000
3,300,000
3,600,000
3,900,000
19
26
33
40
47
54
61
67
74
81
87
94
Varietal purity standard
99.7%
99.5%
Reject number for a sample area of 200m2 (*)
47
74
67
107
87
139
107
171
126
203
146
235
165
267
184
298
203
330
222
361
241
392
260
424
Table 3.: Reject numbers for a total sample area of 200 m2
for various varietal purity standards (97.0 to 99.0%)
Estimated population
(plants/ears per ha)
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000 **
99.0%
52
96
139
182
Varietal purity standard
98.0%
97.0%
Reject number for a sample area of 200m2 (*)
96
139
182
266
267
392
350
517
(*) Crops are rejected if the total number of impurities found in the total area of 200m2 is equal to or greater than the number
given for the appropriate estimated population and varietal purity standard.
(**) With varietal purity levels of 99.0% and below and high plant populations in excess of 1,000,000 per ha, it is not
necessary to use reject numbers. This is because the number of impurities which need to be counted to effect a rejection of the
crop are so large that the difference between the expected number and the reject number is small enough to be ignored for
practical purposes.
130.
Species purity and varietal purity should be assessed separately and both must be satisfactory for
the crop to be accepted.
25
June 2001 edition
Inspection of conformity to maximum number per unit area standards
131.
For many crop species it is neither possible nor practical to accurately estimate plant
populations because of the cropping system applied; in these cases varietal purity standards are expressed
as a maximum number of impurities per unit area (see the OECD Seed Schemes).
132.
Following an inspection of the whole field --to check isolation conditions, limited presence of
weeds, varietal identity and crop homogeneity-- then one of the following sampling methods A or B
described below should be used.
133.
The sampling procedures are based on the following assumptions: off-type plants and plants of
other species are randomly distributed throughout the crop, and the counts of impurities follow the Poisson
distribution.
134.
If there are patches of impurities in some parts of the field then the above assumptions become
invalid. In such cases these patches should be excluded from the sampling areas and inspected separately.
135.
In the design of sampling procedures when inspecting a maximum number of impurities per area
standards, the risk of making a wrong decision is biased in favour of the seed grower, with a lower risk of
the crop being wrongly rejected (Dand a greater risk that the crop might be wrongly accepted (E. This
bias in favour of the seed grower can be compared to the case of crops inspected to percentage standards.
136.
The two methods described below have been designed to check the conformity of the seed crop
to a maximum threshold of 1 impurity per 10 m2. Both methods accept a 20% Erisk of accepting fields for
which the true level of off-type plants (or plants of other species) is 1.5 in 10 m2, and a less than 10 %
D risk of rejecting fields with a maximum of 1.0 impurity in 10m2.
137.
The two methods of sampling differ in that method A allows for a maximum of 2 successive sets
of counts (double plan); method B is based on a sequential sampling technique with a maximum of
9 successive sets.
-- Method A / Double plan
138.
This method allows for a maximum of two steps. The field size is limited to 10 hectares with
counts for impurities being made in 11 sample areas each of 10 m2. Where the seed crop is larger than
10 ha, the field should be sub-divided into two parts with each being inspected separately.
139.
If the total number of impurities is equal to or less than 11, the field is considered to have met the
minimum varietal purity standard of 1 impurity per 10 m2; if the total is equal to or greater than 18, the
standard is exceeded and the field should be rejected.
140.
When the total number of impurities falls between 12 and 17, the method requires 17 additional
counts to be made. If the new total of impurities obtained for the 28 sample areas is equal to or less
than 35, the standard is met and the field can be approved; if it is equal to or exceeds 36, the field is
rejected. The exact risks associated to this procedure are D= 0.086 and E= 0.198.
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June 2001 edition
-- Method B / Sequential sampling
141.
This method is a sequential sampling scheme in which the number of sample areas inspected is
not predetermined but depends on the results of successive sampling.
142.
Method B has been designed to save time, but this gain is only effective in practice when a
majority of crops meets the varietal purity standard for certified seed of 1 impurity in 10 m2. As in
Method A, the field size is limited to 10 ha. For fields in excess of 10 ha the seed crop should be
sub-divided with each part inspected separately.
143.
The minimum number of counts which should be made is determined by the size of the field
(Table 4).
Table 4.: Minimum number of counts for various sizes of field
Size of field (ha)
Number of counts
1 or 2
3 or 4
5 to 7
8 to 10
4
8
12
16
144.
The total number of impurities in the counts is then assessed against the criteria for acceptance or
rejection (see Table 5).
Table 5.: Acceptance and rejection limits for stated numbers of counts
Total number of impurities
Number of counts
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
FIELD ACCEPTED
FIELD REJECTED
if number is equal to or less than
if number is equal to or greater than
1
6
12
18
22
27
31
36
43
10
15
19
24
30
35
39
44
44
145.
If the number of impurities falls between the acceptance or rejection bands, then further counts
should be made (up to a maximum of 36), until a decision can be reached. The exact risks associated to
this procedure are D= 0.096 and E= 0.202.
27
June 2001 edition
28
Part III.
CHARACTERISTICS FOR ASSESSING
VARIETAL PURITY
29
30
INDEX OF SPECIES
in alphabetical order of botanical nomination
BOTANICAL NAME
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn
Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner
Agropyron desertorum (Fischer exLink) Schultes
Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv
Agropyron inerme (Scribner et J.G.Smith) Rydb.
Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.Beauv. Ex Baumg
Agropyron riparium Scribner et J.G.Smith
Agropyron smithii Rydb.
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. Lewis
Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K.Richter
Agrostis canina L. ssp. canina
Agrostis canina L. Montana (Hartm.) Hartm
Agrostis gigantea Roth
Agrostis stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris Hudson)
Agrostis capillaris L.
Allium cepa L.
Allium porrum L.
Alopecurus pratensis L.
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.)
Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (mill) Pers.
Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill) Gaud
Arachis hypogaea L.
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv.
ex J.S. et K.B.Presl
Asparagus officinalis L.
Avena byzantina K. Koch
Avena nuda L.
Avena sativa L.
Beta vulgaris L. var. esculenta
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson
Brassica campestris L.
Brassica chinensis
Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. annua) L.
Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. biennis) L.
Brassica napus (var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.)
Brassica napus L. var. oleifera delile
Brassica oleracea (convar. acephala L.)
Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
FRENCH NAME
ENGLISH NAME
rested Fairway Wheatgrass
Chiendent à crête
See Elymus lanceolatus
tandard Crested Wheatgrass
Chiendent des déserts
See Elytrigia elongata
See Pseudoroegneria spicata
See Elytrigia intermedia
See Elymus lanceolatus
See Pascopyrum smithii
See Elymus trachycaulus
See Elytrigia intermedia
Agrostide
Bentgrass,
Bent
Oignon
Poireau
Vulpin des prés
Cerfeuil
Céleri-branche
Céleri-rave
Arachide
Fromental, Avoine élevée
Onion
Leek
Meadow Foxtail
Chervil
Celery
Celeriac
Groundnut, Peanut
Tall Oatgrass,
False Oatgrass
Asparagus
Asperge
See Avena sativa L.
Avoine nue
Small Naked Oat
Avoine
Oat
Betterave rouge
Beetroot
Poirée
Leaf Beet, Chard
Moutarde brune
Brown Mustard
See Brassica rapa L.
See Brassica rapa L
See Brassica napus L. var. oleiferae
See Brassica napus L. var. oleiferae
Chou-navet , Rutabaga
Swede
Colza (Colza d'hiver et
Rape, Forage rape,
Colza de printemps)
Winter swede rape and
Summer swede rape
Chou fourrager
Fodder Kale
Chou-rave
Kohlrabi
Chou frisé
Curly Kale
31
PAGE
43
44
45
172
173
46
174
175
176
135
47
177
146
146
178
179
126
128
129
130
180
181
BOTANICAL NAME
Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef.
var. botrytis
Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef.
var. cymosa Duch.
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. sabauda L.
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. alba DC
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. rubra DC
Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea
var. gemmifera DC
Brassica pekinensis L.
Brassica rapa L
Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg
FRENCH NAME
Chou-fleur
ENGLISH NAME
Chou brocoli
Cauliflower
Sprouting Broccoli,
Calabrese
Chou de Milan,
Savoy Cabbage,
Chou cabus,
White Cabbage,
Chou rouge
Red Cabbage
Choux de Bruxelles
See Brassica rapa L.
Navette
(Navette de printemps et
Navette d’hiver)
Navet
Brussels Sprout
Turnip
(Summer Turnip Rape
& Winter Turnip Rape)
Turnip
Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.)
Meadow Brome Grass
Bromus carinatus Hook. Et Arn
Bromus catharticus Vahl
California Brome
Brome
escue Grass, Prairie Grass
Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakal
Coronilla varia L.
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis sativus L.
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Cucurbita pepo L.
Brome inerme
Brome sitchensis
Brome fibreux
Chanvre
Piment
Carthame
Cumin
Cenchrus cilié
Centenier
Pois chiche, astragale
Endive
Chicorée witloof
Chicorée sauvage
Melon d’eau
Coronille variée
Melon
Concombre, cornichon
Courge, citrouille
Courgette
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynosurus cristatus L.
Dactylis glomerata L.
Cardon
Crételle des prés
Dactyle
Daucus carota L.
Elymus junceus Fischer
Elymus lanceolatus
Carotte
Smooth Brome
Alaska Brome
Southern Brome
Hemp
Sweet Pepper
Safflower
Caraway
Blue Buffalo Grass
Centurion
Chickpea
Endive
Leaf Chicory,
Witloof Chicory
Water melon
Crown Vetch
Melon
Cucumber, Gherkin
Squash, pumpkin
Vegetable marrow,
Courgette
Cardoon
Crested Dogstail
Cocksfoot,
Orchard Grass
Carrot
Russian Wild Rye
Northern Wheatgrass,
Steambank Wheatgrass
Bromus inermis Leysser
Bromus sitchensis Trin.
Bromus stamineus Desv.
Cannabis sativa L.
Capsicum annuum L.
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Carum carvi L.
Cenchrus ciliaris L [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link]
Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth
Cicer arietinum L.
Cichorium endivia L.
Cichorium intybus L. (partim)
Chiendent nordique
32
PAGE
182
183
184
185
131 &
187
131 &
187
48
49
50
52
54
56
136
189
137
138
58
159
89
190
139
192
91
193
195
196
197
199
60
61
200
62
63
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees
Chiendent à tige courte
Chiendent allongé
Chiendent intermédiaire,
Chiendent velu
Eragrostide
Festuca arundinacea Schreber
Festuca heterophylla Lam.
Fétuque élevée
Fétuque hétérophylle
Festuca ovina (incl. F tenuifolia, F duruiscula) L
Fétuque ovine
Festuca pratensis Hudson (F. elatior auct.)
Festuca rubra L.
Foeniculum vulgare Miller
Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soja hispida Moench)
Gossypium spp
Hedysarum coronarium L.
Helianthus annuus L.
Holcus lanatus L
Hordeum vulgare L.
Koeleria cristata Macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes
Lactuca sativa L.
Lathyrus cicera L.
Fétuque des prés
Fétuque rouge
Fenouil
Soja
Coton
Sainfoin d'Espagne
Tournesol
Houlque laineuse
Orge
Koélérie à crête
Laitue
Gesse chiche, Jarosse
Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens. Esculenta Moench)
Linum usitatissimum L.
Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Lolium perenne L.
Lolium x boucheanum Kunth
(Lolium hybridum Hausskn.)
Lotus corniculatus L.
Lotus tenuis Waldst. Et Kit. ex Willd.
Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Lupinus albus L.
Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupinus luteus L.
Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw.
Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel
Lentille
Lin textile, Lin oléagineux
Ray-grass d'Italie
Ray-grass anglais
Ray-grass hybride
Elymus trachycaulus
Elytrigia elongata
Elytrigia intermedia
Medicago lupulina L.
Medicago polymorpha L.
Medicago rugosa Desr.
Medicago sativa L (incl. Medicago x. varia
T.Martyn).
Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller
Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Melilotus alba Medikus
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
ENGLISH NAME
Slender Wheatgrass
Tall Wheatgrass
64
65
Intermediate Wheatgrass,
Pubescent Wheatgrass
66
Weeping Lovegrass,
African Lovegrass
Tall Fescue
Shade Fescue
Sheep’s Fescue, inc.
Fine Leaved and
Hard Fescue
Meadow Fescue
Red Fescue
Fennel
Soya Bean
Cotton
Sulla
Sunflower
Yorkshire Fog
Barley
Crested Hairgrass
Lettuce
Dwarf Chickling Vetch,
Red Vetchling
Lentil
Flax, Linseed
Italian Ryegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
Hybrid Ryegrass
Lotier corniculé
Birdsfoot Trefoil
Slender Birdsfoot Trefoil
otier velu, Lotier des marais Greater Birdsfoot Trefoil
Lupin blanc
White Lupin
Lupin bleu
Blue Lupin
Lupin jaune
Yellow Lupin
Tomate
Tomato
Luzerne des rivages
Shore Medic,
Harbinger’s Medic
Minette
Black Medic Trefoil
Luzerne hérissée
Burr Medic
Luzerne plissée
Gama Medic
Luzerne
Lucerne
Luzerne à écusson
Luzerne ronde
Luzerne tronquée
Melilot blanc
Melilot officinal
33
PAGE
Snail Medic
Disc Medic
Barrel Medic,
Strong-Spined Medic
White Sweetclover
Yellow Sweetclover
67
68
69
70
68
71
201
92
140
93
141
72
148
73
202
94
95
143
74
74
74
97
98
100
101
101
101
203
160
102
161
162
103
163
164
165
104
105
BOTANICAL NAME
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (O. sativa Lam.)
Ornithopus sativus Brot.
Oryza sativa L.
Panicum miliaceum L.
Papaver somniferum L.
Pascopyrum smithii
Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth
Phalaris aquatica L (incl. P. stenoptera Hackel,
P. tuberosa L.)
Phalaris arundinacea L.
Phalaris canariensis L
Phaseolus coccineus L.
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phleum bertolonii DC.
Phleum pratense L
Pisum sativum L.
Poa ampla Merr.
Poa compressa L.
Poa nemoralis L.
Poa palustris L.
Poa pratensis L.
Poa trivialis L.
Pseudoroegneria spicata
Raphanus sativus L.
Scorzonera hispanica L.
Secale cereale L
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Sinapis alba L.
Solanum melongena L.
Sorghum x almum Parodi
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Spinacia oleracea L.
Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Trifolium fragiferum L.
Trifolium hybridum L.
Trifolium incarnatum L.
Trifolium pratense L.
Trifolium repens L.
Trifolium resupinatum L.
Trifolium subterraneum L
Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
FRENCH NAME
Sainfoin, Esparcette
Serradelle
Riz
Millet commun
Œillette
ENGLISH NAME
Sainfoin
Serradella
Rice
Common Millet
Poppy
Western Wheatgrass
Persil
Parsley
Phacélie à feuilles de tanaisie California Bluebell
Herbe de Harding
Harding Grass, Phalaris,
Bulbous Canary Grass
Alpiste-Roseau
Reed Canarygrass
Alpiste
Canary Grass
Haricot d’Espagne
Runner Bean
Haricot
French Bean, Navy Bean
Fléole bulbeuse,
imothy, Small Timothy,
Fléole noueuse
mall Cat’s Tail
Fléole des prés
Timothy
Pois Fourrager
Field Pea
Big Bluegrass
Pâturin comprimé
Canada Bluegrass,
Flattened Meadowgrass
Pâturin des bois
Wood Meadowgrass
Pâturin des marais
Swamp Meadowgrass,
Fowl Bluegrass
Smooth-Stalked
Pâturin des prés
Meadowgrass,
Kentucky Bluegrass
Pâturin commun
Rough-Stalked
Meadowgrass
Beardless Wheatgrass
Radis fourrager
Fodder Radish
Scorsonère, Salsifis noir
corzonera, Black Salsify
Seigle
Rye
Millet des oiseaux
Foxtail Millet
Moutarde blanche
White Mustard
Aubergine
Egg Plant
Sorgho d’Argentine
lmum Sorghum,
olumbus Grass
Sorgho grain,
Sorghum
Sorgho fourrager
Épinard
Spinach
Trèfle d'Alexandrie
Berseem Clover
Trèfle fraise
Strawberry Clover
Trèfle hybride
Alsike Clover
Trèfle incarnat
Crimson Clover
Trèfle violet
Red Clover
Trèfle blanc
White Clover
Trèfle de Perse
Persian Clover
Trèfle souterrain
Subterranean Clover
Arrowleaf Clover
34
PAGE
106
107
150
75
144
76
204
145
77
78
152
205
108
79
79
109
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
132
208
153
87
133
209
167
168
210
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
166
118
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv
Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol.
Triticum durum Desf.
Triticum spelta L.
Valerianella locusta L. et
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (partim)
Vicia pannonica Crantz
Vicia sativa L.
Vicia villosa Roth
Fenugrec
Avoine jaunâtre
Blé tendre
Blé dur
Épeautre
Mâche
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
X Triticosecale Wittm.
Zea mays L.
Dolique de Chine
Triticale
Maïs
Féverole
Fève
Vesce de Pannonie
Vesce commune
Vesce Velue
35
ENGLISH NAME
PAGE
Fenugreek
Golden Oatgrass
Wheat
Durum Wheat
Spelt Wheat
Corn salad,
Lamb’s lettuce
Field Bean
Broad Bean
Hungarian Vetch
Common Vetch, Tare
Hairy Vetch,
incl. Woolly-Pod Vetch
Cow Pea
Triticale
Maize
119
88
154
156
157
24
120
212
122
123
124
125
158
170
36
INDEX OF SPECIES
BY OECD SEED SCHEME
in alphabetical order by botanical denomination
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
ENGLISH NAME
PAGE
GRASSES AND LEGUMES
GRAMINEAE
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn
Agropyron dasystachyum (Hooker) Scribner
Agropyron desertorum (Fischer exLink) Schultes
Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv
Agropyron inerme (Scribner et J.G.Smith) Rydb.
Agropyron intermedium (Host) P. Beauv. Ex Baumg
Agropyron riparium Scribner et J.G.Smith
Agropyron smithii Rydb.
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H. Lewis
Agropyron trichophorum (Link) K.Richter
Agrostis canina L. ssp. Canina
Agrostis canina L. Montana (Hartm.) Hartm
Agrostis gigantea Roth
Agrostis stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris Hudson)
Agrostis capillaris L.
Alopecurus pratensis L.
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. Ex J.S. et
K.B.Presl
Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.)
Bromus carinatus Hook. Et Arn
Bromus catharticus Vahl
Bromus inermis Leysser
Bromus sitchensis Trin.
Bromus stamineus Desv.
Cenchrus ciliaris L [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link]
Cynosurus cristatus L.
Dactylis glomerata L.
Elymus junceus Fischer
Elymus lanceolatus
rested Fairway Wheatgrass
Chiendent à crête
See Elymus lanceolatus
tandard Crested Wheatgrass
Chiendent des déserts
See Elytrigia elongata
See Pseudoroegneria spicata
See Elytrigia intermedia
See Elymus lanceolatus
See Pascopyrum smithii
See Elymus trachycaulus
See Elytrigia intermedia
44
Agrostide
Bentgrass,
Bent
45
Vulpin des prés
Fromental, Avoine élevée
Meadow Foxtail
Tall Oatgrass,
False Oatgrass
Meadow Brome Grass
California Brome
Rescue Grass,
Prairie Grass
Smooth Brome
Alaska Brome
Southern Brome
Blue Buffalo Grass
Crested Dogstail
Cocksfoot,
Orchard Grass
Russian Wild Rye
Northern Wheatgrass,
Steambank Wheatgrass
Slender Wheatgrass
Tall Wheatgrass
46
Brome
Brome inerme
Brome sitchensis
Brome fibreux
Cenchrus cilié
Crételle des prés
Dactyle
Chiendent nordique
Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees
Chiendent à tige courte
Chiendent allongé
Chiendent intermédiaire,
Chiendent velu
Eragrostide
Festuca arundinacea Schreber
Festuca heterophylla Lam.
Fétuque élevée
Fétuque hétérophylle
Elymus trachycaulus
Elytrigia elongata
Elytrigia intermedia
43
37
47
48
49
50
52
54
56
58
60
61
62
63
64
65
Intermediate Wheatgrass
Pubescent Wheatgrass
66
Weeping Lovegrass,
African Lovegrass
Tall Fescue
Shade Fescue
67
68
69
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
estuca ovina (Incl. F tenuifolia, F duruiscula) L.
Fétuque ovine
Festuca pratensis Hudson (F. elatior auct.)
Festuca rubra L.
Holcus lanatus L
Koeleria cristata Macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes
Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Lolium perenne L.
Lolium x boucheanum Kunth
(Lolium hybridum Hausskn.)
Panicum miliaceum L.
Pascopyrum smithii
Phalaris aquatica L (incl. P. stenoptera Hackel,
P. tuberosa L.)
Phalaris arundinacea L.
Phleum bertolonii DC.
Fétuque des prés
Fétuque rouge
Houlque laineuse
Koélérie à crête
Ray-grass d'Italie
Ray-grass anglais
Ray-grass hybride
Phleum pratense L
Poa ampla Merr.
Poa compressa L.
Millet commun
Herbe de Harding
Alpiste-Roseau
Fléole bulbeuse,
Fléole noueuse
Fléole des prés
Pâturin comprimé
Poa nemoralis L.
Pâturin des bois
Poa palustris L.
Poa pratensis L.
Pâturin des marais
Pâturin des prés
Poa trivialis L.
Pâturin commun
Pseudoroegneria spicata
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv
Millet des oiseaux
Avoine jaunâtre
ENGLISH NAME
heep’s Fescue, inc. Fine
eaved and Hard Fescue
Meadow Fescue
Red Fescue
Yorkshire Fog
Crested Hairgrass
Italian Ryegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
Hybrid Ryegrass
Common Millet
Western Wheatgrass
Harding Grass, Phalaris,
Bulbous Canary Grass
Reed Canarygrass
imothy, Small Timothy,
mall Cat’s Tail
Timothy
Big Bluegrass
Canada Bluegrass,
Flattened Meadowgrass
Wood Meadowgrass
Swamp Meadowgrass,
Fowl Bluegrass
Smooth-Stalked
Meadowgrass,
Kentucky Bluegrass
Rough-Stalked
Meadowgrass
Beardless Wheatgrass
Foxtail Millet
Golden Oatgrass
PAGE
70
68
71
72
73
74
74
74
75
76
77
78
79
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
LEGUMINOSAE
Cicer arietinum L.
Coronilla varia L.
Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Soja hispida Moench)
Hedysarum coronarium L.
Lathyrus cicera L.
Pois chiche, Astragale
Coronille bigarrée
Soja
Sainfoin d'Espagne
Gesse chiche, Jarosse
Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens esculenta
Moench)
Lotus corniculatus L.
Lotus tenuis Waldst. Et Kit. ex Willd.
Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Lupinus albus L.
Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupinus luteus L.
Medicago lupulina L.
Medicago sativa L (incl. Medicago x varia
T.Martyn).
Lentille
Lotier corniculé
Chickpea
Crown Vetch
Soya Bean
Sulla
Dwarf Chickling Vetch,
Red Vetchling
Lentil
Birdsfoot Trefoil
lender Birdsfoot Trefoil
Lotier velu, Lotier des marais reater Birdsfoot Trefoil
Lupin blanc
White Lupin
Lupin bleu
Blue Lupin
Lupin jaune
Yellow Lupin
Minette
Black Medic Trefoil
Luzerne
Lucerne
89
91
92
93
94
95
97
98
100
101
101
101
102
103
38
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
Melilotus alba Medikus
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (O. sativa Lam.)
Ornithopus sativus Brot.
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Pisum sativum L.
Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Trifolium fragiferum L.
Trifolium hybridum L.
Trifolium incarnatum L.
Trifolium pratense L.
Trifolium repens L.
Trifolium resupinatum L.
Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
Vicia faba L.
Vicia pannonica Crantz
Vicia sativa L.
Vicia villosa Roth
Melilot blanc
Melilot officinal
Sainfoin, Esparcette
Serradelle
Haricot
Pois fourrager
Trèfle d'Alexandrie
Trèfle fraise
Trèfle hybride
Trèfle incarnat
Trèfle violet
Trèfle blanc
Trèfle de Perse
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Dolique de Chine
Fenugrec
Féverole
Vesce de Pannonie
Vesce commune
Vesce velue
ENGLISH NAME
White Sweetclover
Yellow Sweetclover
Sainfoin
Serradella
French Bean, Navy Bean
Field Pea
Berseem Clover
Strawberry Clover
Alsike Clover
Crimson Clover
Red Clover
White Clover
Persian Clover
Arrowleaf Clover
Fenugreek
Field Bean
Hungarian Vetch
Common Vetch, Tare
Hairy Vetch, incl.
Woolly-Pod Vetch
Cow Pea
PAGE
104
105
106
107
108
109
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
122
123
124
125
CRUCIFERS AND OTHER OIL OR FIBRE SPECIES
CRUCIFERAE
Brassica campestris L.
Brassica chinensis
Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson
Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. annua) L.
Brassica napus(var. oleifera Subvar. biennis)L.
Brassica napus (var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.)
Brassica napus L. var. oleifera delile
Brassica oleracea (Convar. acephala L.)
Brassica pekinensis L.
Brassica rapa L.
Raphanus sativus (var. oleiferus) L.
Sinapis alba L.
See Brassica rapa L.
See Brassica rapa L.
Moutarde brune
Brown Mustard
See Brassica napus L. var. oleifera
See Brassica napus L. var. oleifera
Chou-navet, Rutabaga
Swede
Colza (Colza d'hiver, Colza
Rape, Fodder rape
de printemps)
(Winter swede Rape,
Summer swede Rape)
Chou fourrager
Fodder Kale
See Brassica rapa L
Turnip
Navette
(Summer Turnip Rape
(Navette de printemps
& Winter Turnip Rape)
et Navette d’hiver)
Radis fourrager
Fodder Radish
Moutarde blanche
White Mustard
126
128
129
130
131
& 187
132
133
OTHER SPECIES
Arachis hypogaea L.
Cannabis sativa L.
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Carum carvi L.
Cichorium intybus L.
Gossypium spp
Arachide
Chanvre
Carthame
Cumin
Chicorée witloof
Coton
39
Groundnut, Peanut
Hemp
Safflower
Caraway
Chicory
Cotton
135
136
137
138
139
140
BOTANICAL NAME
FRENCH NAME
Helianthus annuus L.
Linum usitatissimum L.
Papaver somniferum L.
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth
Tournesol
Lin Textile, Lin oléagineux
Oeillette
Phacélie à feuilles de
Tanaisie
ENGLISH NAME
Sunflower
Flax, Linseed
Poppy
California Bluebell
PAGE
141
143
144
145
CEREALS
Avena byzantina K. Koch
Avena nuda L.
Avena sativa L.
Hordeum vulgare L.
Oryza sativa L.
Phalaris canariensis L
Secale cereale L
Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol.
Triticum durum Desf.
Triticum spelta L.
X Triticosecale Wittm.
See Avena sativa L.
Avoine nue
Avoine
Orge
Riz
Alpiste
Seigle
Blé tendre
Blé dur
Épeautre
Triticale
Small Naked Oat
Oat
Barley
Rice
Canary Grass
Rye
Wheat
Durum Wheat
Spelt Wheat
Triticale
146
146
148
150
152
153
154
156
157
158
Centurion
Shore Medic,
Harbinger’s Medic
Burr Medic
Gama Medic
Snail Medic
Disc Medic
Barrel Medic,
Strong-Spined Medic
Subterranean Clover
159
SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER AND SIMILAR SPECIES
Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth
Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel
Centenier
Luzerne des rivages
Medicago polymorpha L.
Medicago rugosa Desr.
Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller
Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.
Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Luzerne hérissée
Luzerne plissée
Luzerne à écusson
Luzerne ronde
Luzerne tronquée
Trifolium subterraneum L
Trèfle souterrain
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
MAIZE AND SORGHUM
Sorghum x almum Parodi
Sorgho d’Argentine
Almum Sorghum,
Columbus Grass
orgho grain, Sorgho fourrager Sorghum
Maïs
Maize
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Zea mays L.
167
168
170
VEGETABLES
Allium cepa L.
Allium porrum L.
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.)
Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (mill) Pers.
Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill) Gaud
Asparagus officinalis L.
Beta vulgaris L. var. esculenta
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
Brassica oleracea (convar. acephala L.)
Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Oignon
Poireau
Cerfeuil
Céleri-branche
Céleri-rave
Asperge
Betterave rouge
Poirée
Chou fourrager
Chou-rave
Chou frisé
40
Onion
Leek
Chervil
Celery
Celeriac
Asparagus
Beetroot
Leaf Beet, Chard
Fodder Kale
Kohlrabi
Curly Kale
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
BOTANICAL NAME
Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef.
var. botrytis
Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef.
var. cymosa Duch.
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. sabauda L.
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. alba DC
Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef.
var. rubra DC
Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea
var. gemmifera DC
Brassica pekinensis L.
Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg
Capsicum annuum L.
Cicer arietinum L.
Cichorium endivia L.
Cichorium intybus L. (partim)
Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakal
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis sativus L.
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Cucurbita pepo L.
Cynara cardunculus L.
Daucus carota L.
Foeniculum vulgare Miller
Lactuca sativa L.
Lens culinaris Medikus (Lens esculenta
Moench)
Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw.
Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A.W. Hill
Phaseolus coccineus L.
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Raphanus sativus L.
Scorzonera hispanica L.
Solanum melongena L.
Spinacia oleracea L.
Valerianella locusta L.and
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.
Vicia faba L. (partim)
FRENCH NAME
ENGLISH NAME
Chou-fleur
Cauliflower
Chou brocoli
Sprouting Broccoli,
Calabrese
Chou de Milan,
Savoy Cabbage,
Chou cabus,
White Cabbage,
Chou rouge
Choux de Bruxelles
Red Cabbage
Brussels Sprout
PAGE
182
183
184
185
See Brassica rapa L.
Navet
Piment
Pois chiche
Endive
Chicorée sauvage,
Chicorée witloof
Melon d’eau
Melon
Concombre, cornichon
Courge, citrouille
Courgette
Cardon
Carotte
Fenouil
Laitue
Lentille
Tomate
Persil
Haricot d’Espagne
Haricot
Radis
Scorsonère, Salsifis noir
Aubergine
Épinard
Mâche
Fève
41
Turnip
Sweet Pepper
Chick pea
Endive
Leaf Chicory,
Witloof Chicory
Water melon
Melon
Cucumber, Gherkin
Squash, pumpkin
Vegetable marrow,
Courgette
Cardoon
Carrot
Fennel
Lettuce
Lentil
Tomato
Parsley
Runner Bean
French Bean, Navy Bean
Radish
corzonera, Black Salsify
Egg Plant
Spinach
Corn salad,
Lamb’s lettuce
Broad Bean
187
189
89
190
191
192
193
195
196
197
199
200
201
202
95
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
42
GRASSES AND LEGUMES
Gramineae
CRESTED FAIRWAY WHEATGRASS
(Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
inflorescence: length of spike
Just before maturity
-
plant: height
stem: pubescence
leaf: attitude
leaf: length
leaf: width
leaf: pubescence
leaf: glaucosity
At maturity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
43
STANDARD CRESTED WHEATGRASS
(Agropyron desertorum (Fisher ex Link) Schultes)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, USA
44
BENTGRASS, BENT
(Agrostis canina L., Agrostis gigantea Roth, Agrostis stolonifera L. and
Agrostis tenuis Sibth)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
In autumn of year of
sowing
4
leaf: colour
5
leaf: width
8
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
2
plant: growth habit
3
plant: width
6
tendency to form flowering heads
In second year
7
time of beginning of spring growth
At heading
9
flag leaf: length
10
flag leaf: width
11
stem: length of longest stem including
the inflorescence
13
flowering head: length
At heading
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of
sowing
At end of flowering
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/30/6 (12.10.1990)
A. canina L. spp. canina :
Velvet Bentgrass
A. capillaris L. :
Brown Top, Colonial Bentgrass
A. gigantea Roth.:
Red Top
A. stolonifera L. (incl. A. palustris): Creeping Bentgrass
45
MEADOW FOXTAIL
(Alopecurus pratensis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
In year of sowing
In second year at time of
inflorescence emergence
Within two weeks after
inflorescence emergence
-
plant: height
plant: growth habit
plant: tendency to flower
-
leaf: colour
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
stem: length of longest stem
-
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
flag leaf: attitude
-
inflorescence: density
inflorescence: glume anthocyanin
inflorescence: length
-
leaves: distribution of foliage
At end of flowering
stem: length
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, CHE, DEU
46
TALL OATGRASS, FALSE OATGRASS
(Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: natural height
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
leaf: colour
In year of sowing
-
plant: tendency for form inflorescences
In second year just before
heading
-
leaf: colour
At heading when inflorescence
is fully expanded
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
stem: length of longest stem
-
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
-
inflorescence: length
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
In summer of year of sowing
plant: growth habit
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, DEU
47
MEADOW BROMEGRASS
(Bromus biebersteinii (Roem et Schult.))
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
Just before maturity
-
plant: height
-
leaf: canopy
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
inflorescence: panicle length
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
SECONDARY
In the autumn of the year of
sowing
vigour
growth habit
leafiness
tendency to flower
leaf: colour
leaf: attitude
leaf: pubescence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
48
CALIFORNIA BROME
(Bromus carinatus Hook. et Arn.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
Just before maturity
-
plant: height
-
leaf: canopy
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
inflorescence: panicle length
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
SECONDARY
In the autumn of the year of
sowing
vigour
growth habit
leafiness
tendency to flower
leaf: colour
leaf: attitude
leaf: pubescence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
49
RESCUE GRASS, PRAIRIE GRASS
(Bromus catharticus Vahl)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time of
flowering
-
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height (length of longest stem
including fully expanded
inflorescence)
plant: basal anthocyanin
plant: tiller diameter (taken above first
node)
plant: tiller density
plant: blistering
plant: length of uppermost internode
-
leaf: length of longest leaf
leaf: width of longest leaf
leaf: colour
-
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
-
flower: tendency to flower
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
-
length
width
attitude
pubescence
SECONDARY
In second year at time of
of flowering
length
attitude
number per plant
shape
density
glume anthocyanin
spikelet: number per panicle
spikelet: length
spikelet: number of florets
spikelet: awn length
spikelet: shape
spikelet: anther colour
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
50
RESCUE GRASS, PRAIRIE GRASS
(continued)
(Bromus catharticus Vahl)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
-
leaf: distribution of main foliage relative
to height of plant
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: pubescence of lemma
seed: dentation of palea
Seedling
-
coleoptile: anthocyanin
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, NZL, FRA
51
SMOOTH BROME
(Bromus inermis Leysser)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time of
flowering
-
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height (length of longest stem
including fully expanded
inflorescence)
plant: basal anthocyanin
plant: tiller diameter (taken above first
node)
plant: tiller density
plant: blistering
plant: length of uppermost internode
-
leaf: length of longest leaf
leaf: width of longest leaf
leaf: colour
-
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
-
flower: tendency to flower
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
-
length
width
attitude
pubescence
SECONDARY
In second year at time of
of flowering
length
attitude
number per plant
shape
density
glume anthocyanin
spikelet: number per panicle
spikelet: length
spikelet: number of florets
spikelet: awn length
spikelet: shape
spikelet: anther colour
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
52
SMOOTH BROME
(continued)
(Bromus inermis Leysser)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
-
leaf: distribution of main foliage relative
to height of plant
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: pubescence of lemma
seed: dentation of palea
Seedling
-
coleoptile: anthocyanin
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, NZL, CAN, SWE, USA
Also called Smooth Bromegrass.
53
ALASKA BROME
(Bromus sitchensis Trin.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time of
flowering
-
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height (length of longest stem
including fully expanded
inflorescence)
plant: basal anthocyanin
plant: tiller diameter (taken above first
node)
plant: tiller density
plant: blistering
plant: length of uppermost internode
-
leaf: length of longest leaf
leaf: width of longest leaf
leaf: colour
-
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
-
flower: tendency to flower
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
-
length
width
attitude
pubescence
SECONDARY
In second year at time of
of flowering
length
attitude
number per plant
shape
density
glume anthocyanin
spikelet: number per panicle
spikelet: length
spikelet: number of florets
spikelet: awn length
spikelet: shape
spikelet: anther colour
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
54
ALASKA BROME
(continued)
(Bromus sitchensis Trin.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
leaf: distribution of main foliage relative
to height of plant
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: pubescence of lemma
seed: dentation of palea
Seedling
-
coleoptile: anthocyanin
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
Also known as Upland Brome (NZL)
55
SOUTHERN BROME
(Bromus stamineus Desv.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time of
flowering
-
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height (length of longest stem
including fully expanded
inflorescence)
plant: basal anthocyanin
plant: tiller diameter (taken above first
node)
plant: tiller density
plant: blistering
plant: length of uppermost internode
-
leaf: length of longest leaf
leaf: width of longest leaf
leaf: colour
-
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
flag leaf:
-
flower: tendency to flower
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
-
length
width
attitude
pubescence
SECONDARY
In second year at time of
of flowering
length
attitude
number per plant
shape
density
glume anthocyanin
spikelet: number per panicle
spikelet: length
spikelet: number of florets
spikelet: awn length
spikelet: shape
spikelet: anther colour
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
56
SOUTHERN BROME
(continued)
(Bromus stamineus Desv.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
leaf: distribution of main foliage relative
to height of plant
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: pubescence of lemma
seed: dentation of palea
Seedling
-
coleoptile: anthocyanin
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
Also known as Grazing Brome (NZL)
57
BLUE BUFFALO GRASS
(Cenchrus ciliaris L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
At beginning of inflorescence
emergence
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
time of inflorescence emergence (50% of
plants with 3 inflorescences each)
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
-
leaf: colour
-
culm: length of longest culm (including
inflorescence)
-
leaf: length of first leaf below the flag leaf
leaf: width
-
inflorescence: length
At beginning of inflorescence
emergence
-
plant: density of foliage
At full flowering
-
culm:
culm:
culm:
culm:
culm:
culm:
culm:
culm:
At full flowering
height
growth habit
stolons
rhizomes
SECONDARY
growth habit of lowest internode
geniculated
branching
position of branching
rooting at nodes
shape of internodes
anthocyanin colouration of nodes
anthocyanin colouration of
internodes
culm: anthocyanin colouration of basal
sheath
culm: length of sheath relative to length of
internode
-
leaf: anthocyanin colouration
leaf: pubescence
leaf: shape in cross-section
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
58
BLUE BUFFALO GRASS
(continued)
(Cenchrus ciliaris L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
-
flag leaf: attitude
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
inflorescence: length of peduncle
inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration
inflorescence: involucre bristles
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: ZAF
Also classified as Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link
59
CRESTED DOGSTAIL
(Cynosurus cristatus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: tiller density
plant: natural height
-
leaf: colour
leaf: width
leaf: length
-
plant: growth habit
plant: culm height
plant: stem nodal anthocyanin
-
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
-
time of inflorescence emergence
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At heading
inflorescence: length
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, NZL
60
COCKSFOOT, ORCHARD GRASS
(Dactylis glomerata L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering in second year
6
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
7
plant: growth habit
8
flag leaf: length (flag leaf on representative
stem within 2 weeks after
inflorescence emergence)
9
flag leaf: width (same flag leaf as that used
for 8)
12
inflorescence: length (when fully expanded)
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
2
leaf: colour
3
leaf: width (to be assessed visually)
4
plant: growth habit
5
plant: tendency to flower
10
stem: length of longest stem
11
stem: length of upper internode
13
leaf: silicate teeth
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/31/6 (7.11.1984)
61
RUSSIAN WILD RYE
(Elymus junceus Fischer)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At flowering
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
leaf: attitude
-
spike: length
-
plant: height
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
-
plant: growth habit
plant: tendency to flower
At full flowering
Seed
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
leaf: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, USA
E. junceus is also known as Russian Wild Ryegrass
62
NORTHERN WHEATGRASS, STEAMBANK WHEATGRASS
(Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & J.G. Sm.) Gould)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and stability for
this species.
Source: CAN
Also known as «Thickspike Wheatgrass» (USA).
Formerly classified as Agropyron dasystachyum and Agropyron riparium
63
SLENDER WHEATGRASS
(Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species. Sources: CAN, USA
Formerly classified as Agropyron trachycaulum
64
TALL WHEATGRASS
(Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
Also classified as Agropyron elongatum
65
INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS, PUBESCENT WHEATGRASS
(Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
__________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability for
this species. Source: CAN
Formerly classified as Agropyron intermedium and Agropyron trichophorum
66
WEEPING LOVEGRASS, AFRICAN LOVEGRASS
(Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
At the beginning of flower
emergence
At full flowering
SECONDARY
At full flowering
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
plant: height
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
leaf: colour
-
culm: length
-
inflorescence: length
inflorescence: density
-
foliage: density
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
culm: branching above ground level
culm: anthocyanin colouration at nodes
culm: length of uppermost internode
-
inflorescence: length of second lowest
primary branch
inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration on
main axis at lowest
-
anthocyanin colouration
pubescence on upper side
pubescence on lower side
curling of apex
verticil
-
inflorescence: number of primary branches
inflorescence: lowest primary branches
arranged in whorl
inflorescence: glands in or near axils of
primary branches
inflorescence: pubescence of primary
branches
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: ZAF
67
MEADOW FESCUE, TALL FESCUE
(Festuca pratensis Hudson and Festuca arundinacea Schreber)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at inflorescence
Within two weeks after
inflorescence
6
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
7
plant: growth habit
8
plant: natural height
9
flag leaf: length (on representative stem)
10
flag leaf: width
(same flag leaf as that used for 9)
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
In year of sowing
2
leaf: colour
3
leaf: width
4
plant: growth habit
11
stem: length of longest stem (inflorescence
included when fully expanded)
12
stem: length of upper internode
13
inflorescence: length (when fully expanded)
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/39/6 (7.11.1984)
68
SHADE FESCUE
(Festuca heterophylla Lam.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time of
heading
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
inflorescence: length
inflorescence: density
inflorescence: glume anthocyanin
-
flag leaf: attitude
SECONDARY
In second year at time of
heading
-
leaves: distribution of main foliage relative
to the height of the plant
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: POL
69
SHEEP’S FESCUE
(Festuca ovina L. sensu lato)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time heading
At the end of flowering
4
plant: rhizomes
9
plant: time of heading
10
flag leaf: length
12
stem: length of longest stem including
flower head
13
flowering head: length of flowering head on
longest stem
SECONDARY
In summer of year of sowing
In autumn of year of sowing
2
leaf sheath: anthocyanin colour
3
leaf blade: folding
5
plant: growth habit
6
leaf: width
7
leaf: colour
8
leaf: glaucosity
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/67/4 (12.11.1980)
Festuca ovina L. sensu lato includes the following species:
Festuca tenuifolia,Fineleaved Fescue
Festuca duruiscula, Hard Fescue
70
RED FESCUE
(Festuca rubra L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year at time
of heading
In second year at end of
flowering
At maturity
4
plant: rhizomes
9
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
10
flag leaf: length
11
flag leaf: width
14
awns: absent or present
12
stem: length of longest stem including
flower head
13
flowering head: length on longest stem
15
lemma: hairiness
SECONDARY
In summer of year of sowing
In autumn of year of sowing
2
leaf sheath: anthocyanin colour
3
leaf blade: folding
5
plant: growth habit
6
leaf: width
7
leaf: colour
8
leaf: glaucosity
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc. No. TG/67/4 (12.11.1980)
Festuca rubra L. includes Chewings Fescue and Creeping Red Fescue.
71
YORKSHIRE FOG
(Holcus lanatus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At heading
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
-
plant: growth habit
plant: natural height
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
leaf sheath: hairiness
leaf sheath: anthocyanin stripes
inflorescence: length when closed
inflorescence: colour of anther
inflorescence: anthocyanin present or absent
_________________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
72
CRESTED HAIRGRASS
(Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
colour
length
width
hairiness
inflorescence: length
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: NZL, USA
73
PERENNIAL RYEGRASS, ITALIAN RYEGRASS, HYBRID RYEGRASS
(Lolium perenne L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium x boucheanum Kunth)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At beginning of inflorescence
5
leaf: colour
6
plant: growth habit in spring
9
plant: natural height
10
flag leaf: length
11
flag leaf: width
12
stem: length of longest stem including
inflorescence
4
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
SECONDARY
At time of inflorescence
emergence in year of
sowing
13
inflorescence: length
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/4/7 (12.10.1990)
Lolium x boucheanum Kunth is also classified as Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.
74
COMMON MILLET
(Panicum miliaceum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: growth habit
At flowering
-
stem: length
stem: colour
-
leaf: colour
-
panicle: density
-
time of flowering (50% of plants with
flowers open)
Seed
seed: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, USA, AUT
75
WESTERN WHEATGRASS
(Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species. Source: CAN
Formerly classified as Agropyron smithii
76
PHALARIS, HARDING GRASS, BULBOUS CANARY GRASS
(Phalaris aquatica L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: growth habit
plant: anthocyanin on sheaths, rhizomes
-
leaf: colour
At heading
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
Also classified as Phalaris stenoptera Hackel and Phalaris tuberosa L.
77
REED CANARYGRASS
(Phalaris arundinacea L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
At flowering
At full flowering
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
-
leaf: colour
-
time of ear emergence
-
panicle: length
-
plant: height
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
inflorescence: shape
inflorescence: tendency to seed shattering
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
SECONDARY
In the autumn of the year
of sowing
vigour
growth habit
leafiness of foliage
tendency to flower
leaf: colour
leaf: attitude
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests of Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, CAN, USA
78
TIMOTHY
(Phleum pratense L. and Phleum bertolonii DC)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year before
elongation.
In second year at
inflorescence emergence
5
plant: growth habit
6
plant: time of inflorescence emergence
7
flag leaf: length (flag leaf on representative
stem, within 2 weeks after
inflorescence emergence)
8
flag leaf: width (same flag leaf as that used
for 7)
9
stem: length of longest stem (including fully
expanded inflorescence)
11
inflorescence: length (when fully expanded)
SECONDARY
In year of sowing
2
plant: speed of inflorescence emergence
In second year before
elongation
3
leaf: colour
4
leaf: width
5
plant: growth habit
In second year at
inflorescence emergence
10
stem: length of upper internode
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/34/6 (7.11.1984)
79
BIG BLUEGRASS
(Poa ampla Merr.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
stem: ligule shape
At beginning of flowering
-
time of ear emergence
At maturity
-
ear: tendency for seed shattering
-
plant: height
-
seed: size
seed: 1000 seed weight
Seed
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: USA
80
CANADA BLUEGRASS, FLATTENED MEADOEGRASS
(Poa compressa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year three
weeks after spring growth
has started
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
plant: presence of rhizomes
-
stem: shape
-
leaf: colour
leaf: shape
-
leaf sheath: presence of anthocyanin
leaf sheath: pigmentation
-
plant: height
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle: length
panicle: colour
panicle: shape
-
glume: shape
-
plant: growth habit
plant: tendency to flower
-
leaf: colour
leaf: attitude
SECONDARY
In the autumn of the year
of sowing
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, USA
81
WOOD MEADOWGRASS
(Poa nemoralis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
leaf: shape
-
plant: height of stem including panicle
-
panicle: anthocyanin colour
panicle: shape
panicle: length
-
ligule: length
ligule: shape
stolons: presence/absence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: NLD, USA
82
SWAMP MEADOWGRASS, FOWL BLUEGRASS
(Poa palustris L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
leaf: colour
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
stem: length of longest stem (including
fully expanded inflorescence)
stem: length
stem: anthocyanin colouration
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conuct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, SWE
83
KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, SMOOTH-STALKED MEADOWGRASS
(Poa pratensis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
In autumn of year
of sowing
1
leaf sheath: anthocyanin colouration
3
leaf sheath: density of hairs on both sides
just beneath leaf blade
4
leaf sheath: length of hairs of ligule
5
leaf blade: density of fringe of hairs on
margin of base
6
leaf blade: density of hairs on upper side
7
leaf: width
At beginning of
flowering in second
year
11
time of inflorescence emergence
14
stem: length of longest stem
including fully expanded inflorescence
At flowering
17
inflorescence: shape of rachis opposite lower
side branches
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/33/6 (12.10.1990)
84
ROUGH-STALKED MEADOWGRASS
(Poa trivialis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
height of stem including panicle
presence of stolons
presence of rhizomes
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
flag leaf: width
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: attitude
-
leaf sheath:
leaf sheath:
leaf sheath:
leaf sheath:
-
ligule: length
ligule: shape
-
date of inflorescence emergence
-
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
panicle:
-
anther: colour
colour
pubescence on upper side
pubescence on lower side
glossiness on upper side
glossiness on lower side
margin hairs
hairs on margin
hairs on surface
glaucosity
presence of keel
shape
length
habit
anthocyanin colouration
Seed
seed: 1000 seed weight
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: NLD, USA
85
BEARDLESS WHEATGRASS
(Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A Love)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year four
weeks after spring growth
has started
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
At inflorescence emergence
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
inflorescence: length of spike
-
plant: height
-
stem: pubescence
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
attitude
length
width
pubescence
glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
pubescence
size
shape
awns
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
growth habit
vigour
leafiness
tendency to flower
-
leaf: attitude
leaf: colour
-
inflorescence: spikelet angle to rachis
inflorescence: pubescence
inflorescence: tendency for seed shattering
Just before maturity
At maturity
SECONDARY
In autumn of year of sowing
At flowering
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
Formerly classified as Agropyron inerme
86
FOXTAIL MILLET
(Setaria italica (L.) Beauv)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
At maturity
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
-
stem: thickness
stem: leafiness of foliage
-
leaf: length
-
inflorescence: anthocyanin colouration
inflorescence: length of inflorescence
inflorescence: shape of inflorescence
-
date of inflorescence emergence
-
stem: thickness
-
inflorescence: attitude of head to stem
Seed
seed: size
seed: shape of base
seed: purple colouration
seed: 1000 seed weight
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: USA
87
GOLDEN OATGRASS
(Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: natural height
-
leaf: length
leaf: width
leaf: colour
In year of sowing
-
plant: tendency to form inflorescences
In second year just before
heading
-
leaf: colour
At heading when inflorescence
is fully expanded
-
time of inflorescence emergence
-
plant: growth habit
-
stem: length of longest culm
-
flag leaf: length
flag leaf: width
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
In summer of year of sowing
inflorescence: length
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, DEU
88
GRASSES AND LEGUMES
-- Leguminosae -CHICK PEA
(Cicer arietinum L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At the beginning of flowering
At flowering
At maturity
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: hairiness
-
leaf: colour
-
leaflet: size
leaflet: number
-
stem: basal pigmentation
-
time of flowering
-
leaflet: number per leaf
leaflet: glossiness of upper side
leaflet: pubescence of upper side
-
petiole: length
-
stem: length
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
-
time of maturity
-
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
continued/
89
location
colour
size of bracts
number per peduncle
number of seeds per pod
constrictions
surface texture
tip shape
length
breadth
cross-sectional shape
stringiness
dehiscence
CHICK PEA
(continued)
(Cicer arietinum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY (cont.)
Seed
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
testa colour
size
cotyledon colour
shape
surface
Vegetative
-
plant: canopy height
plant: width
At flowering
-
plant: length of first flowering node
plant: primary branches
plant: secondary branches
-
leaflet: size
leaflet: shape of apex
SECONDARY
Seed
seed: length of beak
seed: shape of beak
seed: colour of beak
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, GRC, AUS, MAR
90
CROWN VETCH
(Coronilla varia L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: seedling height
plant: canopy size
-
leaf: size of secondary leaf
leaf: colour
leaf: hair type
-
plant: height
plant: growth habit
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour
PRIMARY
Vegetative, 12 weeks after
seedling emergence
At flowering
SECONDARY
Seed
seed: tannin content
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, USA
91
SOYA BEAN
(Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
hypocotyl: anthocyanin colouration
At flowering
3
plant: growth habit
5
plant: colour of hairs
6
leaf: shape of lateral leaflet
7
leaf: colour
9
flower: colour
15
At maturity
time of beginning of flowering (one flower
open on 10% of plants)
4
plant: height
16
time of maturity
SECONDARY
Vegetative
2
plant: growth type
At flowering
3
plant: growth habit
8
leaflet: size
At pod development
10
pod: colour
At maturity
11
seed: size
12
seed: shape
13
seed: colour of testa (excluding hilum)
14
seed: hilum colour
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/80/3 (4.10.1983)
Also classified as Soja hispida Moench
92
SULLA
(Hedysarum coronarium L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
-
plant: height
-
stem: thickness at middle of stem
-
leaf: shape of terminal leaflet
leaf: length of terminal leaflet
leaf: width of terminal leaflet
At the beginning of flowering
-
time of flowering
At flowering
-
flower: colour
-
plant: growth habit
plant: branching
-
leaf: number per stem
-
leaflet: number per leaf
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At full maturity
-
flower: persistence of flowering into
autumn
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: GRC, ITA
93
DWARF CHICKLING VETCH
(Lathyrus cicera L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At full maturity
-
pod: shape
pod: constrictions
Seed
seed: shape
seed: size
seed: basic colour
seed: ornamentation
seed: colour of cotyledons
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: GRC
94
LENTIL
(Lens culinaris Medikus)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: growth habit
-
stem:
stem:
stem:
stem:
At the beginning of flowering
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
At flowering
-
time of flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
-
peduncle: anthocyanin
-
sepal: length
sepal: width
sepal: shape of tip
thickness
anthocyanin pigmentation at base
anthocyanin pigmentation at tip
degree of branching
size
shape
number per leaf
shape of tip
colour
dentation of margin
glossiness of upper side
pubescence of upper side
height of first flowering node
size
colour
colour of petal veins
location
number per inflorescence
colour
size of bracts
tendrils: present/absent
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
95
LENTIL
(continued)
(Lens culinaris Medikus)
Stage of examination
At maturity
Seed
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: height
-
time of maturity
-
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
number of seeds per pod
number of pods per inflorescence
surface
constrictions
tip
length
breadth
cross-sectional shape
curvature
direction of curvature
stringiness
colour
pubescence
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
shape
size
colour of testa
colour of hilum
cotyledon colour
surface texture
number per pod
1000 seed weight
anthocyanin colouration
shape of anthocyanin markings
colour of anthocyanin markings
type: whole yellow or split red
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, NZL
Also includes Lens esculenta Moench
96
BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
(Lotus corniculatus L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At commencement of flowering
in second year
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
commencement of flowering
(3 heads with at least 1 flower open)
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
plant: horizontal spread
-
stem: colour
stem: hairiness
stem: solidity
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
length of terminal
width of terminal
distance of widest part below tip
shape of terminal
colour
pubescence
veins on lower surface
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
average number per head
length from base of calyx to keel tip
basal colour
colour of tingeing
intensity of flowering
-
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
At maturity
-
pod: number per head
pod: length
pod: style
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: shape
seed: colour
At flowering
length of teeth
attitude of teeth
pubescence
shape of upper sinus
Seedling
ploidy: number
__________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, ITA, FRA, USA, NZL
97
SLENDER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
(Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At commencement of flowering
in second year
-
commencement of flowering
(3 heads with at least 1 flower open)
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
plant: horizontal spread
-
stem: colour
stem: hairiness
stem: solidity
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
length of terminal
width of terminal
distance of widest part below tip
shape of terminal
colour
pubescence
veins on lower surface
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
average number per head
length from base of calyx to keel tip
basal colour
colour of tingeing
intensity of flowering
-
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
-
pod: number per head
pod: length
pod: style
At maturity
Seed
length of teeth
attitude of teeth
pubescence
shape of upper sinus
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: shape
seed: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
98
SLENDER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
(continued)
(Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.)
Stage of examination
Seedling
____________________________
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
ploidy: number
___________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, NZL
Also called Narrow-leaf Trefoil (NZL)
99
GREATER BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
(Lotus uliginosus Schk.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At commencement of flowering
in second year
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
commencement of flowering
(3 heads with at least 1 flower open)
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height
plant: horizontal spread
-
stem: colour
stem: hairiness
stem: solidity
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
length of terminal
width of terminal
distance of widest part below tip
shape of terminal
colour
pubescence
veins on lower surface
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
average number per head
length from base of calyx to keel tip
basal colour
colour of tingeing
intensity of flowering
-
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
calyx:
At maturity
-
pod: number per head
pod: length
pod: style
Seed
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
seed: shape
seed: colour
At flowering
length of teeth
attitude of teeth
pubescence
shape of upper sinus
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
100
WHITE LUPIN, BLUE LUPIN, YELLOW LUPIN
(Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L, Lupinus luteus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
8
terminal leaflet: length of leaf just below
uppermost branch carrying
flowers
10
flower: colour
16
flower: time of beginning of flowering
SECONDARY
Three weeks after
seedling emergence
At flower bud
At beginning of flowering
2
plant: height
3
plant: growth habit
4
leaf: colour
5
stem: anthocyanin colour
6
plant: height
9
terminal leaflet: width of leaf just below
uppermost branch carrying
flowers
11
At green ripening
At full maturity
flower: colour of tip of carina
7
plant: height
12
pod: length (in midst of main inflorescence)
13
grain: ground colour
14
grain: ornamentation
15
grain: 1000 seed weight
18
time of ripening
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/66/3 (14.11.1979)
101
BLACK MEDIC TREFOIL
(Medicago lupulina L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At full flowering
-
plant: growth habit
plant: height of main foliage bulk
-
leaf: colour
leaf: shape of middle leaflet
-
flower: colour
flower: size
-
plant: growth habit
plant: tendency to flowering
SECONDARY
Vegetative in year of sowing
leaf: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: POL
102
LUCERNE
(Medicago sativa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At early flower bud
6
leaf: width of central leaflet
At flowering
7
flower: time of beginning of flowering
8
flower: frequency of plants with very dark
blue violet flowers
9
flower: frequency of plants with variegated
flowers
12
plant: natural height
SECONDARY
At early flower bud
5
At full flowering
4
leaf: length of central leaflet
stem: length of longest stem (including
head)
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/6/4 (21.10.1988)
Also includes Medicago x varia T. Martyn
103
WHITE SWEETCLOVER
(Melilotus alba Medikus)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: spring vigour
-
leaf: size
leaf: colour
-
plant: height
-
stem: thickness
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour
flower: size
-
plant: growth habit
PRIMARY
In the second year at beginning
of growth
At flowering
SECONDARY
In the first year of growth
leaf: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
Also classified as Melilotus alba Deer
Also known as Sweet Clover - White Blossom
104
YELLOW SWEETCLOVER
(Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: growth habit
plant: spring vigour
-
leaf: colour
-
leaflet: size
-
plant: height
-
stem: thickness
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour
flower: size
-
plant: growth habit
PRIMARY
In the second year at
beginning of growth
At flowering
SECONDARY
In first year of growth
leaf: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: CAN
Also known as Sweet Clover - Yellow Blossom
105
SAINFOIN
(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
plant: seedling height at 12 weeks
plant: canopy
-
leaf: size of secondary leaf
leaf: colour
leaf: hair type
-
plant: height
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour
SECONDARY
Seed
seed: tannin content
____________
______________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CZE, USA
Also classified as Onobrychis sativa Lam.
106
SERRADELLA
(Ornithopus sativus Brot.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At the beginning of flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
time of flowering
-
stem: density of hairs
-
leaflet: shape
leaflet: density of hairs
leaflet: colour
-
flower: colour
At maturity
pod: length
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NZL
107
FRENCH BEAN, NAVY BEAN
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
2
plant: growth type
[All observations of the
growth habit and on
leaves should be taken
at time or full flowering.]
6
leaf: green colour
[All observations on the
pod should be taken
at the commencement
of seed swelling.]
11
time of flowering: 50% of the plants
with at least one flower
13
14
15
flower: size of bracts
flower: colour of standard
flower: colour of wings
17
19
20
22
23
25
30
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
36
37
39
40
41
42
43
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
length (including beak)
cross section through seed
thickness
ground colour
pigmentation
colour of pigmentation
string
length of beak
size (1000 seed weight at dry stage)
shape of median longitudinal section
colour
main colour
number of secondary colours
main secondary colour
distribution of main secondary
colour
seed: colour of hilar ring
45
26
pod: degree of curvature
SECONDARY
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/12/4 (19.11.1982)
108
FIELD PEA
(Pisum sativum L. sensu lato)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
2
plant: fasciation
4
foliage: colour
8
leaf: leaflets
17
stipule: marbling before flowering
(on 2 nodes below the first fertile
node)
19
stipule: anthocyanin ring
24
standard: colour
30
wing: colour
53
time of flowering (50% of the plants)
SECONDARY
Vegetative
Flowering
5
foliage: intensity of colour
7
stem: number of nodes up to and including
first fertile node (including scale
nodes)
6
stem: length after flowering
10
leaflet: size
15
stipule: size
18
stipule: intensity of marbling before
flowering (on 2 nodes below the
first fertile node)
22
raceme: number of flowers
26
standard: mucron
____________________________________________________________________________
continued/
109
FIELD PEA
(continued)
(Pisum sativum L. sensu lato)
Stage of examination
At green pod
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
27
standard: undulation of margin
28
standard: pleating
29
wing: shape
34
pod: length
35
pod: parchment
37
pod: colour
39
pod: curvature
41
pod: apex
6
stem: length
At green shell stage
43
pod: number of ovules
At full maturity when
grain is at dry stage
45
grain: 1000 seed weight
46
grain: shape
49
grain: colour of testa
51
grain: hilum colour
2
grain: colour of seed cotyledons
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/7/4 (26.10.1981)
110
BERSEEM CLOVER
(Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year at
beginning of flowering
At flowering
Seed
-
time of flowering (when 50% of plants begin
to flower)
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
-
stem: length
stem: thickness
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
-
peduncle: presence/absence
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
-
plant: tendency to flower
growth habit
height
presence of basal branching
presence of stem branching
shape of central terminal leaflet
length of central terminal leaflet
width of central terminal leaflet
pubescence
colour
number
petal length
ramifications
length of bracts in relation to calyx
colour
shape
colour
ornamentation
1000 seed weight
SECONDARY
In year of sowing
In first winter
plant: winter hardiness
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: GRC, ITA, DEU, USA
Also known as Egyptian clover (DEU).
111
STRAWBERRY CLOVER
(Trifolium fragiferum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
-
plant: growth habit
plant: presence of basal branching
At commencement of flowering
-
tendency to perennial flowering habit
When three heads per plant are
flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour of corolla
-
-
leaf: length of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf
from end of tip of rapidly growing
stolon)*
leaf: width (as for *)
leaf: marking; colour of crescent and
associated anthocyanin markings
leaf: pubescence on under surface
leaf: glossiness of lateral leaves
-
stem: thickness of stolon (as for *)
-
seed: testa colour
seed: ornamentation
seed: 1000 seed weight
1-2 weeks after flowering
-
Seed
SECONDARY
At beginning of growth in
plant: colour
second year
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: AUS, USA
112
ALSIKE CLOVER
(Trifolium hybridum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
In second year at beginning
of growth
At flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf: colour
-
time of flowering (when three heads per
plant are flowering)
-
stem: anthocyanin colouration
-
leaflet: length of central leaflet of the upper
normally developed leaf below the
terminal flower
leaflet: width (as above)
One or two weeks after mean
date of flowering
Seed
-
stem: length of longest stem including
head
stem: thickness
stem: number of internodes
stem: density of hairs
-
leaf: frequency of plants with white marks
-
flower: colour
flower: head size
-
seed: colour of testa
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, SWE, DEU
113
CRIMSON CLOVER
(Trifolium incarnatum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In the second year at budding
-
plant: growth habit
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
plant: height
-
time of flowering (when 50% of plants have
flowers)
-
stem: length
stem: hairiness
stem: thickness
-
flower: colour
In year of sowing
-
plant: growth habit
plant: tendency to flowering
At maturity
-
plant: time of maturity
At the beginning of flowering
At full flowering
colour
hairiness
length of middle leaflet
width of middle leaflet
SECONDARY
Seed
seed: size
seed: hard seededness
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, HUN, DEU, USA
114
RED CLOVER
(Trifolium pratense L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
When three heads per
plant are flowering
2
plant: time of flowering
5
stem: number of internodes (longest stem
including head, within 1-2 weeks after
mean date of flowering. Lowest
internode minimum 0.5cm)
6
stem: density of hairs
-
flower: colour
3
stem: length of longest stem including head
4
stem: thickness
7
leaf: length (central leaflet of the upper
normally developed leaf below the
terminal flower)
8
leaf: width (central leaflet of the upper
normally developed leaf below the
terminal flower)
9
leaf: frequency of plants with white marks
SECONDARY
1 - 2 weeks after flowering
At maturity
10
seed: colour of coat
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/5/4 (13.11.1985)
115
WHITE CLOVER
(Trifolium repens L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
1-2 weeks after flowering
In year after sowing when three
heads per plant are flowering
1
leaf: length of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf
from end tip of rapidly growing stolon)
2
leaf: width of central leaflet (3rd-4th leaf
from end tip of rapidly growing stolon)
3
leaf: frequency of plants with white marks
4
leaf: length of petiole (3rd-4th leaf from end
tip of rapidly growing stolon)
5
leaf: thickness of petiole
6
stem: thickness of stolon (3rd-4th leaf from
end tip of rapidly growing stolon)
7
plant: time of flowering
9
plant: colour
SECONDARY
At beginning of growth in second
year
8
leaf blade: frequency of plants with cyanid
glucoside
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/38/6 (13.11.1985)
116
PERSIAN CLOVER
(Trifolium resupinatum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
In second year when plant
begins flowering
-
plant: growth habit
-
time of flowering (when 50% of plants have
open flowers)
-
stem: number of internodes
stem: pubescence
-
flower: shape
flower: colour
-
leaf: colour
-
leaflet: length of middle leaflet
leaflet: width of middle leaflet
In the year of sowing
-
plant: tendency to flowering
1-2 weeks after flowering
-
stem: length of longest stem including
head
stem: thickness
SECONDARY
-
leaf: length (central leaflet of the upper
normally developed leaf below the
terminal flower)
leaf: frequency of plants with coloured
marks
-
At maturity
-
pod: shape
Seed
seed: coat colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, AUS, GRC
117
ARROWLEAF CLOVER
(Trifolium vesiculosum Savi)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At beginning of flowering
-
plant: height
plant: growth habit
plant: winter hardiness
-
leaf: colour
leaf: presence of ’arrowleaf’ marking
-
time of flowering
-
infloresence: colour
infloresence: intensity of purple
colouration on petals
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: USA
118
FENUGREEK
(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At beginning of flowering
-
time of flowering
At full flowering
-
plant: height
-
pod: shape
pod: pilosity
Seed
seed: shape
seed: size
seed: basic colour
seed: ornamentation
seed: colour of hilar ring
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: GRC
119
FIELD BEAN
(Vicia faba L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
At mature pod
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
2
plant: height
3
plant: number of stems including tillers
more than half the length of the
main stem
13
time of flowering: (50% of plants with one
flower)
15
flower: wing melanin spot
17
flower: standard anthocyanin colour
32
pod: time of full pod development
-
plant: determinate habit
4
stem: number of nodes to first flower
(including scale leaves)
5
stem: anthocyanin colour
6
stem: intensity of anthocyanin colour
7
foliage: colour
8
foliage: intensity of green colour
9
leaflet: length of basal pair of leaves
10
leaflet: width of basal pair of leaves
11
leaflet: folding along main vein of leaflet
12
raceme: number of flowers at 2nd or 3rd
node
14
flower: length
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
120
FIELD BEAN
(continued)
(Vicia faba L.)
Stage of examination
At green pod
At maturity
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
16
flower: standard melanin spot
18
flower: standard extent of anthocyanin
colour
9
truss: number of pods
20
pod: attitude
21
pod: length
22
pod: median width
23
pod: degree of curvature
24
pod: intensity of colour
25
pod: number of ovules including seeds
26
pod: thickness of pod wall
27
seed: shape of median longitudinal section
28
seed: shape of cross section
29
seed: 1000 seed weight
30
seed: colour of testa (immediately after
harvest)
31
seed: hilum colour
1
seed: tannin
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/8/4 Corr (13.11.1985)
121
HUNGARIAN VETCH
(Vicia pannonica Crantz)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At full flowering
-
plant: height of main stem
-
stem: hairiness
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
length
width
shape
tip shape
hairiness
flower: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: HUN
122
COMMON VETCH, TARE
(Vicia sativa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At time of flowering
6
stem: hairiness of upper internodes
8
leaf: shape of tip of leaflet (on middle
third of plant)
11
flower: colour of standard petal
5
After flowering
flower: time of beginning of flowering
(30% of plants)
12
pod: hairiness
SECONDARY
Seedling
1
seedling: ratio of length/width of leaflet
of second primary leaf
At vegetative stage
7
stem: anthocyanin colour on leaf axil
10
stipule: anthocyanin colour of nectaries
After flowering
12
pod: hairiness
At maturity
17
seed: size
18
seed: shape
19
seed: ground colour of testa
20
seed: brown ornamentation
21
seed: extension of brown ornamentation
22
seed: blue black ornamentation
23
seed: extension of blue black ornamentation
24
seed: colour of cotyledons
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/32/6 (21.10.1988)
123
HAIRY VETCH
(Vicia villosa Roth)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Seedling 3-4 weeks after
emergence
-
stipule: shape
stipule: colour markings
At beginning of flowering
-
plant: height of main stem
-
time of beginning of flowering (10% of
plants with one flower)
-
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
leaflet:
-
flower: colour of standard
flower: colour of inner keel
flower: number per inflorescence
-
peduncle: length compared to leaf
-
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
At flowering
At beginning of ripening
tip shape
pubescence
shape
length
width
shape
pubescence
number of seeds per pod
tip shape
constrictions between seeds
Seed
seed: shape
seed: colour
seed: size
seed: colour of hilum
seed: colour of cotyledons
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, POR, AUS
Also includes Wooly-pod Vetch.
124
COW PEA
(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
At maturity
-
plant: anthocyanin colouration of hypocotyl
growth habit
-
leaf: colour in axil of petiole
-
time of flowering
-
flower: colour
flower: size of bracts
-
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
length
cross section
surface
stringiness
parchment
constrictions
colour
colour of markings
length of style
shape of style
number of ovules
Seed
seed: size
seed: shape (longitudinal)
seed: shape (cross-section)
seed: colour
seed: colour of hilar ring
seed: colour of corona
seed: vein
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: GRC
125
CRUCIFER AND OTHER OIL OR FIBRE SPECIES
-- Cruciferae -BROWN MUSTARD
(Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
-
seed cotyledons: length
seed cotyledons: width
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
petiole: length
At the time of bud emergence
-
plant: height
At flowering
-
time of flowering (50% of plants with open
flowers)
-
flower: petal colour
-
plant: length of stem
plant: thickness of stem
plant: number of internodes
-
siliqua:
siliqua:
siliqua:
siliqua:
-
seed: testa colour
seed: reticulation
seed: 1000 seed weight
At maturity
Seed
colour
number of lobes
length
width
glaucosity
pubescence
length (between stalk and beak)
length of beak
width
length of stalk
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
126
BROWN MUSTARD
(continued)
(Brassica juncea L. Czernj. et Cosson)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
leaf: number of leaves on fully developed
plant
leaf: undulation of margins
leaf: indentation of margins
-
flower: petal length
flower: petal width
pod: pubescence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: CAN, DEU
This species is also known as Oriental Mustard.
127
SWEDE
(Brassica napus L. var napobrassica (L.) Rchb.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
2
3
4
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
12
attitude
colour
glaucosity
lobes
root: anthocyanin colour of skin above
soil level
root: intensity of anthocyanin colour of skin
above soil level
root: shape
root: length of neck
13
15
18
SECONDARY
Vegetative
5
6
7
10
11
leaf: number of major lobes
leaf: size of terminal lobe
leaf: total length of longest green leaf
(including petiole)
leaf: width of widest point
leaf: number of minor lobes between major
lobes
leaf: number of minor lobes on petiole
leaf: thickness of petiole
14
16
17
19
root:
root:
root:
root:
8
9
colour of skin below soil level
length
width
colour of neck surface between leaf
scars
20
root: colour of flesh
21
root: intensity of yellow colour of flesh
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/89/3 (7.11.1984)
128
RAPE, FODDER RAPE
(Brassica napus L. var oleifera delile)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
3
leaf: indentation of margin
4
leaf: development of lobes (on a fully
developed leaf of rosette; if no
rosette is formed, on a fully developed
leaf)
5
leaf blade: colour
7
time of flowering: first flower open on 50%
of plants (from autumn
sowing)
8
petal: colour
6
stem: length of mains stem (from autumn
sowings)
Vegetative
2
seed cotyledons: maximum width (fully
developed)
At flowering
9
anther: dotting (at opening of flower)
At maturity
10
At flowering
At maturity
SECONDARY
siliqua: length of beak
1
seed: erucic acid
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/36/3 Corr. (1.9.1978)
Formerly classified as Brassica napus (var. oleifera Subvar. annua and Subvar. biennis) L.
129
FODDER KALE
(Brassica oleracea L. convar acephala)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
At harvest maturity
-
stem:
stem:
stem:
stem:
stem:
stem:
At flowering in second year
-
time of flowering
-
flower: petal colour
-
siliqua: length between peduncle and
beak
siliqua: length of beak
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
At maturity
Seed
length
width
shape
growth habit
colour
anthocyanin colouration
attitude
glaucosity
lobing
undulation of margin
blistering
pubescence
length
thickness
hardness
leaf scar
anthocyanin colouration
branching
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: NZL, SWE, DEU, FRA
130
TURNIP RAPE
(Brassica rapa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
9
leaf: lobes
37
plant: height (at appearance of flowering
bud)
39
time of flowering in year of sowing for spring
sown trials (50% of plants with at least one
open
42
flower: petal colour
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
At maturity
3
cotyledon: length
4
cotyledon: width
8
leaf: green colour
10
leaf: number of lobes on fully developed leaf
12
leaf: undulation of margin
13
leaf: dentation of margin
43
flower: length of petal
44
flower: width of petal
51
seed: colour (of ripe seed)
52
seed: 1000 seed weight
1
erucic acid
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/37/7 (21.10.1988)
Also known as Brassica campestris L., Brassica chinensis and Brassica pekinensis L.
131
FODDER RADISH
(Raphanus sativus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characteristics of
the leaf should be recorded
on the fully developed 4th
leaf at harvest maturity.]
[All characteristics of
the radish should be
recorded at harvest
maturity.]
At maturity
5
leaf: attitude
6
leaf: length
9
leaf blade: colour
11
leaf blade: lobes (division to midrib)
12
leaf blade: number of lobes (division to
midrib)
17
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
19
radish: thickness
21
radish: shape
24
radish: colouration of skin
25
radish: colour of upper part
32
time of harvest maturity
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
__________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/64/3 (12.11.1980)
Also classified as Raphanus sativus L. var oleiferus,
Raphanus sativus L. var oleiformis Pers.
132
WHITE MUSTARD
(Sinapis alba L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
-
seed cotyledons: length
seed cotyledons: width
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
petiole: length
At time of bud emergence
-
plant: height
At flowering
-
time of flowering (50% of plants with open
flowers)
-
flower: petal colour
-
plant: length of stem
plant: thickness of stem
plant: number of internodes
-
siliqua:
siliqua:
siliqua:
siliqua:
At maturity
Seed
colour
size
shape
number of lobes
length
width
glaucosity
pubescence
length (between stalk and beak)
length of beak
width
length of stalk
seed: testa colour
seed: reticulation
seed: 1000 seed weight
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
133
WHITE MUSTARD
(continued)
(Sinapis alba L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
leaf: number of leaves on developed plants
leaf: margin undulation
leaf: margin indentation
At flowering
-
flower: petal length
flower: petal width
pod: pubescence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There is no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: NLD, CAN, DEU
Also known as Yellow Mustard
134
CRUCIFERS AND OTHER OIL OR FIBER SPECIES
-- Other Species -GROUNDNUT, PEANUT
(Arachis hypogaea L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
At pod development
1
plant: growth habit
8
flowering: general pattern
10
pod: constrictions
13
pod: prominence of beak
14
pod: shape of beak
15
kernal: colour of uncured mature testa
19
kernal: weight per 1000 kernals at 7%
moisture
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/93/3 (13.11.1985)
135
HEMP
(Cannabis sativa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At flowering
At maturity
-
plant: height
-
stem: colour
-
leaflet: width
-
plant:
plant:
plant:
plant:
-
time of flowering
-
plant: time of ripening
sex expression
% female plants
% male plants
% of plants with male and female
flowers
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, FRA
136
SAFFLOWER
(Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At beginning of flowering
At flowering
Sixth leaf
At maturity
8
time of flower (50% of plants with at
least one open inflorescence)
10
plant: height
12
petal: colour
13
leaf: green colour
17
leaf: shape
18
leaf: number of spines
20
capitulum: length of middle bract
21
capitulum: width of middle bract
26
grain: size
27
grain: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/134/3 (12.10.1990)
137
CARAWAY
(Carum carvi L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At flowering
-
plant: height
-
flower: shape
flower: colour of petals
-
time of flowering
abscission layer: absence or presence
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: NLD
138
WITLOOF CHICORY
(Cichorium intybus L. (partim))
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: height
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
-
leaf margin: incisions
leaf margin: depth of incisions
-
root: size
root: diameter
root: shape
attitude
length
breadth
shape
green colour
gloss
upper surface
blistering
chicon: size
chicon: length
chicon: diameter
chicon: shape
chicon: top shape
chicon: position of maximum diameter
chicon: colour
chicon: anthocyanin
chicon: apex closure
chicon: density
chicon: core
___________________________________________________________________________
#
There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species
139
COTTON
(Gossypium spp)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
3
plant: shape
plant: height
7
8
leaf: shape
leaf: size
At flowering
12
flower: colour of petal (at opening)
At maturity
13
boll: size
SECONDARY
Vegetative
2
4
plant: density of foliage
plant: number of nodes to first fruiting
branch
plant: length of longest vegetative branch
plant: length of first fruiting branch
5
6
At maturity
9
10
11
leaf: pubescence of midrib (lower side)
leaf: gossypol glands
leaf: nectaries
14
15
16
17
boll:
boll:
boll:
boll:
18
seed: density of fuzz
19
boll: content of lint
20
21
22
fibre: length
fibre: strength
fibre: fineness
23
seed: size
shape (in longitudinal section)
pitting of surface
length of peduncle
prominence of tip
24
boll: opening
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/88/3 (13.11.1985)
140
SUNFLOWER
(Helianthus annuus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
At maturity
3
4
leaf: shape
leaf: colour
17
time of flowering
19
20
ray flower: shape
ray flower: colour
21
disk flower: colour
27
head: attitude
30
plant: natural height
SECONDARY
Vegetative
1
hypocotyl: anthocyanin colour (at cotyledon
stage)
2
5
leaf: size
leaf: anthocyanin colour (on margin of
young leaves before flowering)
6
leaf: glossiness
7
leaf: blistering
8
leaf: fineness of serration
9
leaf: regularity of serration
10
leaf: shape of cross section
11
leaf: wings
12
leaf: angle of lateral veins
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
141
SUNFLOWER
(continued)
(Helianthus annuus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
13
leaf: height of the tip of the blade compared
to insertion of petiole (at two-thirds
height of plants)
leaf: angle between lower part of petiole and
stem
14
At flowering
At end of flowering
Character description
15
16
stem: hairiness at the top
stem: number of leaves on main stem
18
ray flowers: number
22
disk flower: anthocyanin colour of stigma
23
head: number of bracts on the back
24
25
bract: shape
bract: anthocyanin colour
26
plant: natural position of closest lateral head
to the central head
28
29
head: size
head: shape of grain side
31
32
plant: branching
plant: type of branching
33
seed: size
34
seed: shape
35
seed: thickness
36
seed: main colour
37
seed: mottling
38
seed: stripes
39
seed: colour of stripes
40
seed: position of stripes
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/81/3 (4.10.1983)
142
FLAX, LINSEED
(Linum usitatissimum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At time of flowering
1
plant: natural height including branches
5
flower: petal colour
7
flower: colour of stamen filament (at top)
8
flower: anther colour (at opening of flower)
9
flower: style colour (at base)
15
time of beginning of flowering: (first flower
open on 10% of plants)
SECONDARY
At time of flowering
At green maturity
At maturity
3
flower: size of corolla (at beginning of
flowering)
4
flower: sepal dotting
6
flower: petal longitudinal folding
2
stem: length
10
boll: size
11
boll: ciliation of false septa
12
grain: 1000 seed weight
13
grain: colour
14
grain: intensity of brown colouration
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/57/3 (12.11.1980)
143
POPPY
(Papaver somniferum L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
At flowering
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
leaf: size
leaf: shape
leaf: glaucosity
-
time of full flowering (at least one open
flower on 50% of plants)
-
stem: anthocyanin colour
-
flower:
flower:
flower:
flower:
-
plant: height
-
stem: length
-
time of maturity
-
capsule: size
capsule: shape
capsule: glaucosity
-
seed:
seed:
seed:
seed:
At clearly visible flower bud
-
stem: anthocyanin tint
stem: pubescence under capsule
At maturity
-
capsule: base
At maturity
Seed
petal colour
petal margin
coloured spot
size
size
shape
colour
undertone of blue colour
SECONDARY
Seed
seed: morphine content*
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, NLD, SWE, AUT
* morphine content can also be analysed in small plants
144
CALIFORNIA BLUEBELL
(Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
-
plant: natural height
plant: growth habit
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
time of flowering (when 50% of plants begin
to flower)
-
plant: natural height
-
stem: colour
-
inflorescence: colour
-
stem:
stem:
stem:
stem:
-
inflorescence: length
-
seed: 1000 seed weight
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At time of bud emergence
At flowering
At maturity
Seed
colour
anthocyanin colouration
division of leaflet
length of leaflet
length including inflorescence
pubescence
thickness
number of internodes
Seedling
ploidy: number
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: POL, CZE, DEU
145
CEREALS
OATS and NAKED OATS
(Avena sativa L. et Avens nuda L )
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
At earing
SECONDARY
At flowering
At earing
At maturity
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
4
time of spikelet emergence (first
spikelet visible on 50% of panicles)
5
flag leaf: attitude
8
9
10
panicle: orientation of branches
panicle: attitude of branches
panicle: attitude of spikelets
11
12
glume: length
glume: glaucosity
15
plant: height (stem and panicle)
1
plant: habit of growth
2
lower leaves: hairiness of sheaths
3
margins of leaf below flag leaf:
hairiness
6
stem: hairiness of uppermost node
7
stem: intensity of hairiness of uppermost
node
26
seasonal type
13
primary grain: glaucosity of lemma
14
primary grain: intensity of glaucosity of
lemma
17
primary grain: tendency to be awned
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
146
OATS and NAKED OATS
(continued)
(Avena sativa L. and Avens nuda L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
18
primary grain: length of lemma
19
grain: colour of lemma
20
primary grain: hairiness of back of lemma
(except for white and yellow
oats)
21
primary grain: hairiness of base
22
primary grain: length of basal hairs
23
primary grain: length of rachilla
24
primary grain: width of rachilla
25
primary grain: groove of rachilla
16
grain: husk
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/20/7 (26.10.1981)
Also comprises Avena byzantina
147
BARLEY
(Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At earing
3
flag leaf: attitude
4
flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles
5
flag leaf: intensity of auricle pigment
6
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
7
time of ear emergence (first spikelet
visible on 50% of ears)
8
awns: anthocyanin colour of tips
9
awns: intensity of anthocyanin colour of
tips
10
ear: glaucosity
11
ear: attitude
12
plant: height (stem and ear)
13
ear: number of rows
15
ear: density
16
awn: length compared to ear
SECONDARY
At tillering
At earing
1
plant: growth habit
2
lower leaves: hairiness of leaf sheaths
14
ear: shape
17
awn: spiculation of margins
18
rachis: length of first segment
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
148
BARLEY
(continued)
(Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
19
rachis: curvature of first segment
#
##
Character description
20
21
rachis: humping of segments (Mid third of
ear)
rachis: alignment of segments (as for 20)
22
sterile spikelet: attitude (as for 20)
23
sterile spikelet: length of lemma (as for 20)
24
sterile spikelet: shape of tip (as for 20)
25
median spikelet: length of glume
and awn relative
to grain
26
grain: rachilla hair type
27
grain: husk
28
grain: anthocyanin colour of lemma
nerves
29
grain: spiculation of inner lateral lemma
nerves
30
grain: hairiness of ventral furrow
31
grain: disposition of lodicules
32
kernel: colour of aleurone layer
33
seasonal type
___________________________________________________________________________
# Two-rowed barley only.
# # Barley with more than two rows.
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/19/7 (26.11.1981)
149
RICE
(Oryza sativa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
4
penultimate leaf: anthocyanin colour of
auricles
At flowering
6
time of heading (50% of plants with heads)
10
spikelet: colour of stigma
12
stem: length excluding panicle
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At flowering
1
leaf: colour
2
leaf: distribution of anthocyanin colouration
3
penultimate leaf: pubescence of blade
5
flag leaf: curvature of blade
7
lemma: anthocyanin colouration of keel
8
lemma: anthocyanin colouration of area
below apex
9
lemma: anthocyanin colouration of apex
11
stem: thickness
13
stem: anthocyanin colouration of nodes
14
panicle: length
15
panicle: curvature of main axis
16
spikelet: hairs on lemma
17
spikelet: length of hairs on lemma
18
spikelet: colour of tip of lemma
____________________________________________________________________________
continued/
150
RICE
(continued)
(Oryza sativa L.)
Stage of examination
At maturity
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
19
panicle: length of longest awns
20
panicle: distribution of awns
21
time of maturity
22
grain: 1000 seed weight
23
grain: length
24
grain: width
25
decorticated grain: length
26
decorticated grain: width
27
decorticated grain: shape
28
decorticated grain: colour
29
polished grain: size of white core
30
endosperm: type
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/16/4 (13.11.1985)
151
CANARY GRASS
(Phalaris canariensis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
At full flowering
-
plant: height
plant: number of tillers per plant
-
time of inflorescence emergence
inflorescence: shape
inflorescence: size
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Sources: HUN, USA
152
RYE
(Secale cereale L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
4
plant: growth habit
5
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
Ear emergence
6
time of ear emergence
After ear emergence
8
ear: glaucosity
10
ear: attitude
12
ear: length
13
ear: density
11
plant: height (stem and ear)
SECONDARY
Vegetative
3
coleoptile: anthocyanin colour
15
seasonal type
Ear emergence
7
leaf next to flag leaf: length
After ear emergence
9
stem: hairiness below the ear
At maturity
2
grain: colour of aleurone layer
14
grain: 1000 seed weight
Seedling
1
ploidy: number
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/58/3 (15.11.1978)
153
WHEAT
(Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori et Paol.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
At earing
At maturity
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
3
flag leaf: attitude
5
time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible
on 50% of ears)
6
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
7
flag leaf: glaucosity of leaf blade
(lower side)
8
ear: glaucosity
9
culm: glaucosity of neck
12
plant: height (stem and ear)
15
ear: shape
16
ear: density
17
awns or scurs: present or absent
19
scurs at tip of ear: length
14
ear: colour
SECONDARY
Before tillering
1
coleoptile: anthocyanin colour
At tillering
2
plant: growth habit
At earing
4
flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles
11
culm: hairiness of uppermost node
13
straw: section (halfway between base of ear
and stem node below)
10
anther: anthocyanin colour
____________________________________________________________________________
continued/
154
WHEAT
(continued)
(Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori et Paol.)
Stage of examination
At maturity
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
18
awns or scurs: description
20
awns at tip of ear: length
21
apical rachis segment: hairiness of convex
surface
22
lower glume: shoulder width (spikelet in midthird of ear)
23
lower glume: shoulder shape (as for 22)
24
lower glume: beak length (as for 22)
25
lower glume: beak shape (as for 22)
26
lower glume: extent of
internal hairs
(as for 22)
27
lower glume: internal imprint
(as for 22)
28
lowest lemma: beak shape
(as for 22)
33
seasonal type
29
grain: shape
30
grain: colour
31
grain: brush hair length in dorsal view
32
grain: colouration with phenol
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/3/8 (26.10.1981)
155
DURUM WHEAT
(Triticum durum Desf.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At earing
5
time of ear emergence (first spikelet visible
on ears of 50% of plants)
12
plant: length (stem, ear and awns)
14
awns at tip of ear: length in relation to ear
8
awn: anthocyanin colouration
4
plants: frequency of plants with recurved
flag leaves
6
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
7
flag leaf: glaucosity of blade
23
ear: length excluding awns
11
ear: glaucosity
26
ear: shape in profile
27
ear: density
16
lower glume: shape at shoulder
17
lower glume: shoulder width
18
lower glume: length of beak
19
lower glume: shape of beak
24
ear: hairiness of margin of first rachis
segment
SECONDARY
At earing
9
culm: hairiness of uppermost node
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/120/3 (21.10.1988)
156
SPELT WHEAT
(Triticum spelta L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
From earing to anthesis
At maturity
-
flag leaf: attitude
-
time of ear emergence
-
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
flag leaf: glaucosity of leaf blade
(lower side)
-
ear: glaucosity
-
culm: glaucosity of neck
-
anthers: anthocyanin colouration
-
plant: height of stem including ear
-
ear: shape
ear: density
-
awns or scurs: presence
awns or scurs: distribution
-
scurs at tip of ear: length
-
seasonal type
-
straw: section (half way between base of
ear and stem node below)
-
ear: colour
-
coleoptile: anthocyanin colouration
SECONDARY
At seedling growth
Seed
seed: colour
seed: colouration with phenol
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species. However, all the characters listed above are similar to those for
Triticum aestivum TG 3/8.
Source: CHE
157
TRITICALE
(x Triticosecale Wittm.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At earing
14
plant: length (stem, ear and awns)
6
time of ear emergence (first spikelet
visible on 50% of plants)
12
ear: glaucosity
22
ear: density
23
ear: length excluding awns
24
ear: width in profile
16
awns above the tip of ear: length
8
awns: anthocyanin colouration
7
flag leaf: glaucosity of sheath
10
flag leaf: length of blade
11
flag leaf: width of blade
4
plant: frequency of plants with recurved
flag leaves
9
anthers: anthocyanin colouration
13
stem: density of hairiness of neck
SECONDARY
At earing
5
flag leaf: anthocyanin colour of auricles
17
lower glume: length of first beak
19
lower glume: hairiness on external surface
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/121/3 (6.10.1989)
158
SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER AND SIMILAR SPECIES
CENTURION
(Centrosema pascuorum Mart ex Benth)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
-
petioles: hairiness
-
petiolules: hairiness
-
stems and internodes: hairiness (on newly
formed leaves)
-
time of flowering
Vegetative
-
leaves/leaflets: size (fully expanded)
At flowering
-
flower: colour
At flowering
SECONDARY
At full maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
159
SHORE MEDIC, HARBINGER’S MEDIC
(Medicago littoralis Rhode ex Loisel.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of marking
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
160
BURR MEDIC
(Medicago polymorpha L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of marking
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
161
GAMA MEDIC
(Medicago rugosa Desr.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of markings
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
162
SNAIL MEDIC
(Medicago scutellata (L.) Miller)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of markings
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
163
DISC MEDIC
(Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of markings
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
164
BARREL MEDIC, STRONG-SPINED MEDIC
(Medicago truncatula L. Gaertn.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
After flowering
-
time of flowering
-
flower: corolla pigmentation
-
seed pod: shape
-
seed pod: size
-
seed pod: direction of spiral
-
seed pod: spininess
-
leaf: pattern of markings
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: colour
-
grain: shape
SECONDARY
At vegetative stage
At maturity
grain: 1000 seed weight
____________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
165
SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER
(Trifolium subterraneum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At flowering
-
leaf: pattern of pale central mark
-
leaf: pattern of associated white bands
-
leaf: upper surface hairiness
-
petiole: hairiness
-
stipule: pigmentation
-
runner: hairiness
-
flower: time of flowering
-
calyx: pigmentation
-
primary: presence of pale green
-
leaf: mark
-
leaf: anthocyanin flecking
-
grain: colour of seed coat
SECONDARY
At cotyledon stage
At maturity
grain: isozyme analysis
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: AUS
166
MAIZE AND SORGHUM
ALMUM SORGHUM, COLUMBUS GRASS
(Sorghum almum Parodi)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY
At time of ear emergence
-
time of ear emergence (first spikelet
visible on 50% of plants)
-
plant: height
-
leaf: colour
leaf: length
leaf: width
-
plant: regrowth (four weeks after cutting)
At soft dough stage
-
plant: number of stems
At maturity
-
ear: shape
ear: length of neck above sheath
At time of ear emergence
-
plant: growth habit
plant: vigour
At maturity
-
stem: length of longest stem including
inflorescence
-
ear: length
ear: density
ear: peduncles on primary branch
SECONDARY
At end of growth season
culms: number fully developed
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
Source: ZAF
167
SORGHUM
(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
At flowering
5
plant: time of panicle emergence
(50% of plants with a panicle)
plant: natural height of foliage (at panicle
emergence)
6
At maturity
7
leaf: green colouration of blade
11
12
glume: colour
glume: anthocyanin colouration
21
plant: total height
25
28
panicle: length without neck
panicle: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
1
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of
coleoptile
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of dorsal
side of first leaf
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of sheath
of first leaf
2
3
4
leaf: anthocyanin colouration of blade
9
flag leaf: intensity of green colouration
of midrib compared to blade
(if not discovered at panicle
emergence)
flag leaf: yellow colouration of midrib
(at panicle emergence)
10
At flowering
11
glume: colour
____________________________________________________________________________
continued/
168
SORGHUM
(continued)
(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Stage of examination
At end of flowering
At maturity
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
14
lemma: arista formation
15
16
17
stigma: anthocyanin colouration
stigma: yellow colouration
stigma: length
18
flower with pedicel: length
19
panicle: density
20
dry stamen: colour
22
stem diameter (one third of height of plant)
23
24
leaf: length of blade (third leaf from top)
leaf: width of blade (third leaf from top)
26
27
panicle: length of branches (middle third of
panicle)
panicle: density
29
neck of panicle: visible length above Sheath
30
31
glume: colour
glume: length
32
caryopsis: colour after threshing
33
grain: 1000 seed weight
34
grain: shape in dorsal view
35
grain: shape in profile view
36
grain: size of mark of germ
37
grain: surface covered by testa
38
grain: content of tannin
39
grain: texture of endosperm
40
grain: colour of vitreous albumen
____________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/122/3 (6.10.1989)
169
MAIZE
(Zea mays L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Tassel and ear emergence
7
tassel: time of emergence of 50% of plants
8
tassel: time of onset of anthesis
9
tassel: anthocyanin colour of anthers
10
ear: time of silk emergence for 50% of
plants
11
ear: anthocyanin colour of silk
14
stem: anthocyanin colour of nodes
15
stem: anthocyanin colour internodes
(middle of plant)
16
leaf: anthocyanin colour of sheath
(middle of plant)
23
plant: length including tassel
24
ear: height of insertion of ear relative to
total plant height
1
first leaf: anthocyanin colour of sheath
2
first leaf: length of blade
3
first leaf: width of blade
4
first leaf: ratio of length/width of blade
5
first leaf: form of tip
SECONDARY
Vegetative
6
leaf: attitude in central third of plant
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
170
MAIZE
(continued)
(Zea mays L.)
Stage of examination
Tassel and ear
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
12
13
tassel: anthocyanin colour of glumes
tassel: closed anthocyanin ring at base of
glume
17
leaf: hairs on margin of sheath
18
tassel: angle between main axis and
lateral branches (in lower third of
tassel)
tassel: attitude of lateral branches
(in lower third of tassel)
tassel: number of primary lateral branches
tassel: length of main axis above lowest
side branch
tassel: length of main axis above upper side
branch
19
20
21
22
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
ear:
length of peduncle
length
diameter (in middle of ear)
shape
number of rows of grain
type of grain (in central third of ear)
colour of tip of grain
colour of dorsal side of grain
anthocyanin colour of glumes of the cob
intensity of anthocyanin colour of glumes
of the cob
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/2/4 (12.11.1980)
171
VEGETABLES
ONION
(Allium cepa L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on
the leaf and the foliage
should be taken just
before foliage fall over.]
At flowering
Bulb
[All observations
on the bulb should
be taken on the
harvested bulb.]
1
foliage: length
4
leaf: maximum diameter
5
leaf: waxiness
6
leaf: colour
26
time of harvest maturity (80% foliage
fall over)
27
male sterility
8
bulb: size
11
bulb: shape
14
bulb: basic colour of skin
19
bulb: colour of flesh
16
bulb: skin adherence
22
bulb: predominant number of axils (to be
established in autumn on mature
material before storage)
SECONDARY
Bulb
24
bulb: cross section
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/46/3 (19.11.1976)
172
LEEK
(Allium porrum L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
2
plant: length
[All observations on
the plant, the shaft,
and the leaf should
be taken when the
plant is vegetatively
fully developed.]
4
foliage: attitude
6
leaf blade: width
7
leaf blade: colour
9
leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration
14
shaft: length
15
shaft: diameter
16
shaft: bulbing
SECONDARY
At flowering
18
flower: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/85/3 (4.10.1983)
173
CHERVIL
(Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: attitude
-
leaf: green colour
-
leaf: surface
-
leaflet: shape
-
leaflet: dissection
plant: height of flowering stalk
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species.
174
CELERY
(Apium graveolens L. var dulce (Mill) Pers.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
plant: height
[All characteristics
of the plant and of
the leaf should be
recorded on fully
developed foliage]
7
foliage: green colour
11
leaflet: serration
13
petiole: length
14
petiole: width (at central third)
18
petiole: self blanching
20
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
17
petiole: shape of inner side in cross
section
SECONDARY
Vegetative
21
petiole: intensity of anthocyanin
colouration
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/82/3 (19.11.1982)
175
CELERIAC
(Apium graveolens L. var rapaceum (Mill) Gaud)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characteristics of
the leaf should be
recorded on the
fully developed foliage]
At tuber formation
[All characteristics of
the tuber should be
recorded at harvest
maturity.]
1
plant: height
2
foliage: attitude
6
leaf blade: size of leaflets of first order
7
petiole: length
9
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
10
tuber: size
11
tuber: height to width ratio
12
tuber: position of maximum width
14
tuber: main colour of skin
17
tuber: insertion of roots
21
tuber: discoloration of flesh after
cooking
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference: UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/74/3 (12.11.1980)
176
ASPARAGUS
(Asparagus officinalis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
At emergence of spear
At harvest maturity
4
plant: green colour of foliage
5
stem: maximum length (fully extended)
6
stem: length up to first ramification
7
stem: diameter at ground level
8
spear: anthocyanin colouration of apex
9
time of beginning of emergence of spears
(30% of plants with at least one emerged
spear)
11
spear: shape of apex
12
spear: diameter of base of apex compared
to remaining stem
14
spear: length of first bracts at base
of apex
15
spear: width of first bracts at base of apex
At flowering
17
sex expression
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/130/3 (12.10.1990)
177
BEETROOT
(Beta vulgaris L. var esculenta)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characteristics of
the plant and of the
leaf should be observed
when the foliage has
reached its maximum length.]
2
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of
hypocotyl
5
leaf blade: length
6
leaf blade: shape
7
leaf blade: main colour
12
leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration
8
Seed
leaf blade: undulation of margin
15
petiole: length
17
petiole: colour
19
root: shape of longitudinal section
23
root: external colour
25
root: main colour of flesh
26
root: colour of rings compared to main
colour of flesh
1
seed cluster: number of seeds
SECONDARY
Vegetative
21
root: narrowing of tip
28
bolting resistance (from an early sowing)
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/60/3 (15.11.1978)
178
LEAF BEET, CHARD
(Beta vulgaris L. var vulgaris)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
seedling: anthocyanin colouration
[All observations on
the plant and on the leaf
should be made when the
foliage has reached its
maximum height.]
3
foliage: height
4
foliage: attitude
5
leaf blade: length
6
leaf blade: width
7
leaf blade: intensity of green colour
8
leaf: reflexion of margin
10
leaf blade: blistering
11
leaf blade: anthocyanin colouration
13
petiole: width
15
petiole: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/106/3 (7.10.1987)
179
KOHLRABI
(Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
seedling: colour of cotyledons
[All characteristics of the
leaf should be recorded
on the outer leaf of the
adult plant.
All characteristics of
the kohlrabi should
be recorded at harvest time.]
4
leaf: attitude
5
leaf blade: size
6
leaf blade: shape
7
leaf blade: colour
10
leaf blade: lobing
18
petiole: length
19
petiole: thickness
22
kohlrabi: shape (in longitudinal section)
24
kohlrabi: colour of skin
25
start of harvest maturity (when 50% of
kohlrabis reach 7cm diameter)
SECONDARY
Vegetative
3
foliage: petiole crossing of one or two
leaves
__________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/65/3 (12.11.1980)
180
CURLY KALE
(Brassica oleracea L. var sabellica L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
2
plant: height
[All observations on
the young and the
fully developed leaf
should be taken when
the plant is vegetatively
fully developed.]
6
leaf blade: colour of young leaf
8
leaf blade: colour of fully developed leaf
11
leaf blade: length
12
leaf blade: width
14
leaf blade: curling
16
petiole: attitude
17
petiole: length
10
leaf blade: shape
SECONDARY
Vegetative
18
petiole: width
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/90/3 (7.11.1984)
181
CAULIFLOWER
(Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis (L.) Alef. var botrytis)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on
leaves should be taken
on the outer adult plant;
all observations on the
curd should be taken
at harvest.]
At flowering
1
seedling: anthocyanin colouration
3
plant: size (at time of harvest)
4
outer stem: length
5
leaf: attitude
7
leaf: shape
10
leaf: colour
13
leaf: blistering
15
leaf: undulation of margin
16
leaf: degree of undulation of margin
19
curd: covering by inner leaves
20
curd: size
21
curd: shape in longitudinal section
22
curd: doming
23
curd: colour
29
flower: colour
SECONDARY
Vegetative
15
leaf: undulation of margin
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc No. TG/45/3 (19.11.1976)
182
SPROUTING BROCCOLI, CALABRESE
(Brassica oleracea L. convar botrytis L. Alef. var cymosa Duch.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: size
-
stem: length
-
stem: branching
-
leaf: attitude
-
leaf: shape
-
leaf: green colour
-
leaf: undulation of margin
-
head: formation
-
head: size
-
head: shape of longitudinal section
-
head: green colour
-
head: firmness
head: bracts
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species
183
SAVOY CABBAGE, WHITE CABBAGE and RED CABBAGE
(Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var sabauda L.)
(Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var alba DC)
(Brassica oleracea L. convar capitata (L.) Alef. var rubra DC)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf and the head should
be taken just before harvest.]
1
plant: height at harvest maturity
3
plant: length of outer stem
4
plant: attitude of outer leaves
8
outer leaf: blistering
10
outer leaf: crimping (savoy cabbage only)
11
outer leaf: colour with wax
18
head: shape of longitudinal section
21
head: diameter
23
head: cover
25
head: blistering of cover leaf (savoy
cabbage only)
26
head: colour of cover leaf
27
head: anthocyanin colour of cover leaf
(white and savoy cabbage only)
33
head: length of the interior stem in relation
to length of head
34
time of harvest maturity
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/48/4 (Proj) (7.6.1991)
184
BRUSSELS SPROUT
(Brassica oleracea L. convar oleracea var gemmifera DC)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
plant: height
[All observations on the
plant and leaves should
be recorded at the
beginning of sprout
formation.]
3
leaf blade: size
4
leaf blade: colour
5
leaf blade: intensity of colour
7
leaf blade: cupping
8
leaf blade: blistering
[All observations on the
sprout should be recorded
at the mid-point of the stem,
when the sprouts are fully
developed]
10
petiole: attitude
12
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
13
sprout: size
14
sprout: shape of longitudinal section
15
sprout: colour
16
sprout: opening of outer leaves
18
start of harvest maturity
SECONDARY
Vegetative
6
leaf blade: waxiness
9
leaf blade: reflexing of margin
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/54/6 (12.10.1990)
185
CHINESE CABBAGE
(Brassica pekinensis L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
plant and the leaf should
be made before harvest
maturity.]
1
plant: height
5
outer leaf: blistering
7
outer leaf: colour
12
outer leaf: undulation of margin
19
head: shape in longitudinal section
22
head: intensity of colour of wrapper leaves
27
head: time of formation
SECONDARY
Vegetative
21
head: colour of wrapper leaves
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/105/3 (7.10.1987)
186
TURNIP
(Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf and the root should
be recorded on control
plots sown at a time
to keep plants in the
vegetative stage. All
observations on the leaf
should be made on fully
developed leaves.]
At flowering
[All observations on the
flower and the plant should
be recorded on control
plots sown at a time
chosen so that the
plants are induced.]
Seedling
6
leaf: attitude
8
leaf: green colour
9
leaf: lobes
21
root: chlorophyll colouration of skin at top
22
root: anthocyanin colouration of skin at top
27
root: colour of flesh
30
root: general shape
42
flower: colour of petal
43
flower: length of petal
44
flower: width of petal
2
ploidy: number
SECONDARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf and root should be
recorded on control plots
at a time to keep the plants
in the vegetative stage.]
10
leaf: number of lobes
14
leaf: length (blade and petiole)
15
leaf: width (widest point)
[All observations on the
19
root: position in soil
leaf should be made at
the vegetative stage.]
20
root: cork layer around skin
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
187
TURNIP
(continued)
(Brassica rapa L. emend Metzg)
Stage of examination
At flowering
[All observations on the
flower and the plant
should be recorded on
control plots at a time
chosen so that the
plants are induced.]
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
23
root: expression of anthocyanin
colouration of skin at top
26
root: colour of skin below ground
31
root: length
32
root: width
33
root: relative position of widest point
35
root: crown shape
36
root: shape of base
37
plant: height at appearance of flowering
of bud
39
time of flowering in year of sowing for
spring sown trials (50% of plants with at
least one open flower)
41
time of flowering in year after year of
sowing for autumn sown trials (50% of
plants with at least one open flower)
45
plant: length of stem
46
plant: diameter of stem (about 10 cm
above root neck)
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/37/7 (21.10.1988)
188
SWEET PEPPER
(Capsicum annuum L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characteristics on the
leaf should be recorded on
a level in flower]
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
1
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of
hypocotyl
4
plant: length of internodes
5
plant: anthocyanin colouration at nodes
7
leaf: length
8
leaf: width
At fruiting
13
fruit: colour before maturity
[All characteristics on
the fruit unless otherwise
indicated should be
recorded on normally
fertilised mature fruits
(half of surface coloured)
the 2nd or 3rd flowered
node.]
15
fruit: attitude
19
fruit: shape of longitudinal section
21
fruit: shape of cross section (at level of
placenta)
22
fruit: colour at maturity
25
fruit: stalk cavity
27
fruit: shape of apex
29
fruit: average number of locules
31
fruit: thickness of flesh
32
fruit: taste
37
time of beginning of flowering (first flower
on second flowering node on 50% of plant)
At flowering
SECONDARY
Vegetative
3
plant: length of stem (from cotyledons to
first flower)
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/76/3 (12.11.1980)
189
ENDIVE
(Cichorium endivia L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
plant and the leaf should
be made just before harvest
maturity. The observations
on the leaf should be made
on leaves excluding the
outer and centre leaves.]
3
heart: shape in longitudinal section
4
heart: colour
5
heart: intensity of green colour
9
leaf: length
10
leaf: maximum width
12
leaf: colour
14
leaf: dissection
15
leaf: degree of dissection (only varieties
of cut endive and intermediate types)
18
leaf: undulation of margin (only varieties
of plain endives)
21
leaf: length of non green midrib without
lamina in relation to total length of
leaf (only varieties of cut endive and
intermediate types)
22
leaf base: width
23
leaf: colour of base of midrib (only varieties
of cut endive and intermediate types)
24
stem: height
28
stem: shape of stipules (only varieties of
plain endive)
29
flower: colour
31
time of bolting
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/118/3 (21.10.1988)
190
LEAF CHICORY
(Cichorium intybus L. (partim))
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
leaf: anthocyanin colouration (5-6 leaves)
-
head:
head:
head:
head:
-
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
leaf:
-
earliness: time
formation (at harvest maturity)
shape in longitudinal section
colour of outer leaves
length (at harvest maturity)
width
attitude
colour
colour of midrib
anthocyanin colouration
anthocyanin distribution
type of distribution
shape
upper surface
undulation of margin
root: branching
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species
191
WATER MELON
(Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsim et Nakai)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number #
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be recorded
on fully developed leaves.]
-
stem: anthocyanin
-
leaf: form
At flowering
-
flower: sexual type
At fruiting
[All observations on the
fruit should be made on
mature fruits.]
-
fruit: size
-
fruit: shape
-
fruit: surface
-
fruit: colour
-
fruit: intensity of green colour
-
fruit: stripes
-
fruit: type of stripe
-
fruit: flesh colour
-
ploidy: number
-
seed: presence
-
seed: size
-
seed: colour
Seedling
SECONDARY
Seed
[All observations on the
seed should be made on
mature and dry seeds
after washing and drying
in the shade.]
earliness: time
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability for this species
192
MELON
(Cucumis melo L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be recorded
on fully developed leaves]
1
hypocotyl: length (first true leaf stage)
5
leaf blade: size
Flowering
14
inflorescence: sex expression
Fruit
[All observations on fruit
should be made on mature
fruits, unless otherwise
stated.]
15
fruit: ground colour of skin before
maturity
17
fruit: length
18
fruit: diameter
19
fruit: ratio of length to diameter
20
fruit: position of maximum width
21
fruit: shape of longitudinal section
22
fruit: ground colour of skin at maturity
24
fruit: secondary colours of skin
25
fruit: distribution of secondary colours
of skin
30
fruit: abscission of peduncle
32
fruit: shape of base
33
fruit: shape of apex
34
fruit: size of pistil scar
35
fruit: grooves
36
fruit: maximum width between grooves
39
fruit: creasing of surface
__________________________________________________________________________
continued/
193
MELON
(continued)
(Cucumis melo L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
40
fruit: cork formation
41
fruit: thickness of cork layer
42
fruit: pattern of cork formation
44
fruit: colour of grooves
48
fruit: main colour of flesh
50
fruit: colour of flesh of outer layer
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/104/4 Add (21.10.1988)
194
CUCUMBER, GHERKIN
(Cucumis sativus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Flowering
13
plant: sex expression (bisexual flowers
excluded)
Fruit
[All observations on
fruits should be made
between market stage
and colour change of
fruit.]
16
fruit: length
20
fruit: neck (cucumbers only)
24
fruit: ground colour of skin
26
fruit: ribs
28
fruit: type of vestiture
30
fruit: colour of vestiture
34
fruit: mottling
43
cotyledons: bitterness
15
parthenocarpy
SECONDARY
Fruit
18
fruit: shape of cross section
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference:UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Stability.
Doc. No. TG/61/3 (15.11.1978)
195
SQUASH, PUMPKIN
(Cucurbita maxima Duchesne)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be recorded
on fully developed leaves.]
-
plant: growth habit
-
stem: tendrils
-
leaf blade: incisions
leaf blade: surface spines (setae)
leaf blade: marbling
-
petiole: spines (setae)
At flowering
-
female flower: ring at base of corolla
female flower: colour or ring at base of
corolla
At fruiting
[All observations on the
fruit should be made
on mature fruits.]
-
mature fruit: shape
mature fruit: surface
mature fruit: ribs
mature fruit: number of colours
mature fruit: colour (single coloured fruit
only)
mature fruit: principal colour of fruit with
more than one colour
mature fruit: colour of ribs (if different
from the rest of the fruit)
mature fruit: colour of secondary colour
mature fruit: mottling of colour
mature fruit: colour of mottling
mature fruit: size of flower scar
mature fruit: length
mature fruit: breadth
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity
and Stability for this species
196
VEGETABLE MARROW, COURGETTE
(Cucurbita pepo L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be made on
fully developed leaves
when the fruit starts
developing and should
exclude the lower
external leaves.]
At flowering
[All observations on the
ring of the corolla should
be made when female
and male flowers have
appeared]
Young fruit
[All observations on the
young fruit should be
made on fruits five days
after flowering.]
2
plant: growth habit
3
plant: branching
5
plant: attitude of petiole (bush varieties
only)
9
leaf blade: incisions
11
leaf blade: marbling
18
female flower: ring at innerside of corolla
22
female flower: colour of pistil (before
opening)
24
male flower: colour of ring at innerside
of corolla
31
young fruit: length
32
young fruit: maximum diameter
33
young fruit: ratio length/maximum
diameter
34
young fruit: neck
35
young fruit: curving of neck (on normally
set fruits)
36
young fruit: number of colours
37
young fruit: major colour
39
young fruit: shape of cross section
40
young fruit: warts
___________________________________________________________________________
continued/
197
VEGETABLE MARROW, COURGETTE
(continued)
(Cucurbita pepo L.)
Stage of examination
Fully developed fruit
[All observations should
be made when the fruit
is fully developed and
ready for harvesting.]
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
42
young fruit: colour of ribs compared to rest
of fruit
43
young fruit: colour of linear bands on ribs
44
young fruit: mottling
45
young fruit: type of mottling
46
young fruit: colour of mottling of skin
48
young fruit: size of flower scar
49
young fruit: protrusion of flower scar
51
young fruit: main colour of peduncle
53
young fruit: mottling of peduncle
55
fruit: general shape
56
fruit: major colour
60
fruit: colour of stripes on ribs
62
fruit: colour of mottling on skin
64
fruit: maximum length
65
fruit: maximum diameter
66
fruit: ratio length/maximum diameter
Ripe fruit
57
ripe fruit: major colour
[All observations should
be made on physiological
61
ripe fruit: colour of stripes on ribs
ripe fruits]
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and
Doc No. TG/119/3 (21.10.1988)
198
Stability.
CARDOON
(Cynara cardunculus L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
plant should be recorded
on mature plants.]
[All observations on the
leaf should be recorded
on fully developed
leaves.]
-
plant: height
-
plant: attitude
-
leaf blade: width
-
leaf blade: degree of curl
-
leaf: green colour
-
petiole: length
-
petiole: hollowness
-
petiole: degree of hollowness
petiole: spines
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity
and Stability for this species
199
CARROT
(Daucus carota L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
foliage and the leaf should
be made at the time of
full development of the
foliage.]
3
leaf: length (including petiole)
4
leaf: division
6
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
[All observations on the
carrot should be made
at carrot maturity.
Carrot maturity is
recorded when the
carrot is fully developed
and the colour is no
longer changing.]
7
carrot: length
8
carrot: width
10
carrot: shape of longitudinal section
11
carrot: shape of shoulder
12
carrot: crown shape
13
carrot: tip (when fully developed)
14
carrot: external colour
18
carrot: ridging of surface
19
carrot: diameter of core relative to
total diameter
20
carrot: core colour
22
carrot: cortex colour
24
carrot: colour of core compared to cortex
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/49/6 (12.10.1990)
200
FENNEL
(Foeniculum vulgare Miller)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number #
Character description
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
Vegetative
-
plant: attitude
-
petiole: attitude
-
grumolo: general shape
-
grumolo: cross section
-
grumolo: height
-
grumolo: dimension of broad axis
-
grumolo: dimension of narrow axis
-
sheath: surface
-
sheath: overlapping
-
sprout: laterals
-
self blanching: presence
earliness: time
___________________________________________________________________________
# There are no UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity
and Stability for this species
201
LETTUCE
(Lactuca sativa L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[Unless otherwise indicated
all characteristics of the
plant, the head, the leaf
and the leaf blade should
be recorded at harvest
maturity.]
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
1
dry seed: colour
4
seedling: anthocyanin colouration
9
plant: diameter
11
plant: intensity of heart formation
15
head: shape in longitudinal section
19
leaf: colour
20
leaf: anthocyanin colouration
22
leaf: distribution of anthocyanin
23
leaf: kind of anthocyanin distribution
26
leaf: blistering
35
stem: fasciation
37
time of harvest maturity
38
time of beginning of bolting under long
day conditions
10
plant: heart formation
SECONDARY
Vegetative
12
head: overlapping of leaves
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/13/4 (26.10.1981)
202
TOMATO
(Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst ex Farw.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
1
seedling: anthocyanin colouration of
hypocotyl
2
plant: growth type
10
leaf: division of blade
11
leaf: type
Flowering
16
flower: pubescence of style
Fruit
[All observations on the
fruit should be taken on
the 3rd fruit of the 2nd
and 3rd truss at the
beginning of the colouring
at the fruit apex provided
there has been normal
fertilisation.]
20
fruit: size
21
fruit: shape in longitudinal section
23
fruit: cross section
30
fruit: predominant number of locules
31
fruit: green shoulder (before maturity)
35
fruit: colour (at maturity)
36
fruit: colour of flesh (at maturity)
38
time of maturity
SECONDARY
Fruit
22
fruit: ribbing at stem end
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/44/5 (proj) (7.6.1991)
203
PARSLEY
(Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman ex A. W. Hill)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be recorded
on fully developed leaves.]
1
plant: height
3
plant: density of foliage
4
leaf blade: curling
5
leaf blade: intensity of curling
8
leaf blade: attitude
14
leaf blade: intensity of colour
21
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
22
root: thickening (leaf and root parsley)
23
root: length (root parsley only)
24
root: thickness (root parsley only)
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/136/4 (18.10.1991)
204
RUNNER BEAN
(Phaseolus coccineus L.)
Stage of examination
PRIMARY
[All observations on the
pod should be made at
fresh harvest maturity.]
[All observations on the
seed should be made at
the mature dry stage.]
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
1
plant: growth habit
2
flower: colour
3
pod: length including beak
7
pod: string
8
seed: number of colours
9
seed: main colour
10
seed: secondary colour
11
seed: appearance of secondary colour
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/9/4 (21.10.1988)
205
FRENCH BEAN
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
2
plant: growth type
[All observations of the
growth habit and on
leaves should be taken
at time or full flowering.]
6
leaf: green colour
[All observations on the
pod should be taken
at the commencement
of seed swelling.]
11
time of flowering: 50% of the plants
with at least one flower
13
14
15
flower: size of bracts
flower: colour of standard
flower: colour of wings
17
19
20
22
23
25
30
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
pod:
36
37
39
40
41
42
43
seed: size (1000 seed weight at dry stage)
seed: shape of median longitudinal section
seed: colour
seed: main colour
seed: number of secondary colours
seed: main secondary colour
seed: distribution of main secondary
colour
seed: colour of hilar ring
45
length (including beak)
cross section through seed
thickness
ground colour
pigmentation
colour of pigmentation
string
length of beak
26
pod: degree of curvature
SECONDARY
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/12/4 (19.11.1982)
206
RADISH
(Raphanus sativus L. var niger (Mill.) S. Kerner)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characteristics
of the leaf should
be recorded on the
fully developed 4th
leaf at harvest
maturity.]
[All characteristics
of the radish should
be recorded at harvest
maturity.]
1
ploidy: number
5
leaf: attitude
6
leaf: length
8
leaf blade: colour
10
leaf blade: lobes (division to midrib)
12
leaf blade: number of lobes (division to
midrib)
16
petiole: anthocyanin colouration
17
radish: length
18
radish: thickness
19
radish: shape
22
radish: colour of skin
At maturity
26
time of harvest maturity
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/63/3 (13.11.1980)
207
SCORZONERA, BLACK SALSIFY
(Scorzonera hispanica L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations should
be made when the plant
is vegetatively fully
developed.]
1
plant: height
2
foliage: green colour
3
leaf: gloss
4
leaf: attitude
5
leaf: length
6
leaf: width
10
root: predominant shape
11
root: length
14
root: end
15
root: colour
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/116/3 (21.10.1988)
208
EGG PLANT
(Solanum melongena L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
leaf should be made on
flowering branches.]
3
plant: attitude
6
stem: anthocyanin colouration
9
branch: length of internodes
11
leaf: margin
15
leaf: colour
At start of flowering
14
time of start of flowering
At flowering
16
flower: purple colour
At fruiting stage
[All observations on the
fruit should be made on
normally developed
fruits.]
17
fruit: length
19
fruit: ratio length/diameter
20
fruit: general shape
21
fruit: size of pistil scar
22
fruit: shape of apex
24
fruit: curvature (for cylindrical types)
25
fruit: colour of skin (at commercial
harvest)
27
fruit: stripes
33
fruit: anthocyanin colouration below calyx
35
fruit: anthocyanin colouration of calyx
38
fruit: colour of flesh
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/117/3 (21.10.1988)
209
SPINACH
(Spinacia oleracea L.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Seed
Vegetative
[All characteristics of the
leaf should be observed
at the 7th leaf of the
adult plant.]
Flowering
[The characteristics
relating to flowering
should be observed
at the beginning of
fruit setting.]
2
seed: spines
10
leaf: colour
11
leaf: intensity of colour
13
leaf: lobing
18
leaf: shape of blade
19
leaf: length of the midrib
25
flowering plant: proportion of monoecious
plants
28
flowering plant: proportion of male plants
without leaves
30
start of bolting: 10% of plants
SECONDARY
Vegetative
12
leaf: blistering
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/55/3 (17.11.1977)
210
CORN SALAD, LAMB’S LETTUCE
(Valerianella locusta L. and Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.)
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All characters of the
plant and the leaf
should be recorded
at harvest maturity.]
At the beginning of
flowering
3
plant: attitude
6
leaf: length
7
leaf: width
8
leaf: shape
9
leaf: green colour
10
leaf: gloss
11
leaf: appearance of upper side
12
leaf: profile in cross section (inner leaves)
13
leaf blade: profile in longitudinal section
of apical part
19
time of beginning of bolting
(10% of plants)
At maturity
1
seed size
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/75/3 (12.11.1980)
211
BROAD BEAN
(Vicia faba L. (partim))
Stage of examination
UPOV
Character
Number *
Character description
PRIMARY
Vegetative
[All observations on the
plant and the leaf should
be made at green shell
stage.]
At flowering
[All observations should
be made on the flower
when it just opens and
on the flower on the
largest flower at the
second flowering node.]
At pod formation
[All observations on
the pod should be
made at full development
of the pods.]
-
growth: habit
2
plant: height
13
time of flowering: (50% of plants with at
least one flower open)
15
flower: melanin spot on wing petal
17
flower: anthocyanin colouration of
standard petal
21
pod: length
Seed
29
seed: 1000 seed weight
[All observations on the
seed should be made
30
seed: colour of testa
on seed harvested in
the dry stage.]
31
seed: black pigmentation of hilum
___________________________________________________________________________
* Reference :UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability.
Doc No. TG/08/4 (7.11.1984)
212