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Download 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G
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22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B The student is expected to: 6G recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction and 10B describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B KEY CONCEPT Reproduction of flowering plants takes place within flowers. 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B ! Flowers contain reproductive organs protected by specialized leaves. • Sepals and petals are modified leaves. – Sepals are outermost layer that protects developing flower sepal 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B – Petals can help to attract animal pollinators petal 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • A stamen is the male structure of the flower. stamen filament anther – anther produces pollen grains – filament supports the anther 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • The innermost layer of a flower is the female carpel. stigma carpel style ovary – stigma is sticky tip – style is tube leading from stigma to ovary – ovary produces female gametophyte 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B ! Flowering plants can be pollinated by wind or animals. • Flowering plants pollinated when pollen grains land on stigma. • Wind pollinated flowers have small flowers and large amounts of pollen. 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • Animal pollinated flowers have larger flowers and less pollen. – many flowering plants pollinated by animal pollinators pollen grains – pollination occurs as animal feeds from flower to flower – animal pollination more efficient than wind pollination 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B ! Fertilization takes place within the flower. • Male gametophytes, or pollen grains, are produced in the anthers. – male spores produced in anthers by meiosis – each spore divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells – two cells form a pollen grain single pollen grain 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • One female gametophyte can form in each ovule of a flower’s ovary. – four female spores produced in ovule by meiosis – one spore develops into female gametophyte – female gametophyte contains seven cells – one cell has two nuclei, or polar nuclei – one cell will develop into an egg 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • Pollination occurs when a pollen grain lands on a stigma. pollen tube sperm stigma – one cell from pollen grain forms pollen tube – other cell forms two sperm that travel down tube 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • Flowering plants go through the process of double fertilization. female gametophyte egg sperm polar nuclei ovule 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • Flowering plants go through the process of double endosperm fertilization. – one sperm fertilizes the egg seed coat – other sperm unites with polar nuclei, forming endosperm – endosperm provides food supply for embryo embryo 22.2 Reproduction in Flowering Plants TEKS 6G, 10B • Each ovule becomes a seed. • The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit.