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Name Date Anatomy and Physiology II Heart Dissection Lab Objectives: 1. Describe and identify the gross anatomy of the heart. 2. Trace the pattern of blood flow through the heart chambers, valves and major vessels leading directly to and from the heart. Materials: Pig or sheep hearts Dissecting Equipment Tray Gloves Apron Goggles Paper clips Paper Part I: Most mammalian hearts are based on the same plan, so although you have a pig heart, it is still a good representation of an actual human heart. Should your heart have an intact pericardium, carefully remove it before trying to identify the major external heart structures. Before you begin cutting the epicardium, be sure to document the anatomy with pictures. Please take several pictures with your (or someone else’s) cell phone, email them to yourself, and label the following structures (using Powerpoint or another program that allows labeling). These printouts should be included NEATLY in the lab report by taping them to the space provided below. Please make sure that you can clearly see and identify AND LABEL the following structures in the pictures that you take. Right Atrium Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Aorta Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Cardiac Vein Coronary Artery Right Coronary (marginal) Artery Coronary Sinus Circumflex Artery Coronary Sinus After labeling the external features of the heart, you can begin exploring the internal anatomy of the heart. To do this: 1. Make a deep incision along the right side of the heart from the apex to the lateral right atrium. 2. Make another incision from the lateral side of the left atrium to the left ventricle and down to the apex, completing the circumcision. You may have to cut through the underlying tissue, and please complete these steps carefully and SLOWLY. DO NOT CUT TOWARDS YOUR HAND OR FINGERS! 3. You should now be able to open the heart to view the internal structures. 4. To identify major blood vessels, a probe or your finger can be used to explore the pathway from the relevant chamber to the vessel to be identified. 5. Follow the same instructions as above (take pictures and label them) for the features listed below. Right and left atria Right and left ventricles Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) Interventricular septum Superior vena cava (opening into atrium) Inferior vena cava (opening into atrium) Papillary muscles Chordae tendineae Pulmonary trunk (artery) Pulmonary vein Aorta Pictures (External Anatomy) Pictures (Internal Anatomy) Part II: Blood Flow Trace the blood flow through the heart Vena cavae/cardiac sinus Pulmonary Vein Heart Dissection _________ valve _________ valve Questions Label the diagram of the human heart below. _________ valve Pulmonary Circuit (Lungs) _________ valve Systemic Circuit (Body) 1___________________________________ 2. __________________________________ 3. __________________________________ 4. __________________________________ 5. __________________________________ 6. __________________________________ 7. __________________________________ 8. __________________________________ 9. __________________________________ 10. _________________________________ 11. _________________________________ 12. _________________________________ 13. _________________________________ 14. _________________________________ 15. _________________________________ Analysis Questions 1. How could you tell which side of the heart is the ventral surface (the surface closer to your chest)? 2. How many chambers are found in the mammalian (pig) heart? List these chambers. 3. Which chambers pump blood out of the heart? 4. Which chambers receive blood coming into the heart? 5. Describe the action of the tricuspid valve when the ventricle is full. 6. Compare the structure of the tricuspid valve with that of the pulmonary valve. 7. How do the walls (myocardium) of the atria compare with the walls of the ventricles and why are they different? 8. What is the purpose of heart valves? 9. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called __________, while __________ carry blood toward the heart. 10. Which artery is the largest and why? 11. The Left Pulmonary Artery can also be called your Left Coronary Artery. What would happen if this was blocked by a blood clot? 13. Using words and Arrows: Trace blood flow through the major blood vessels and heart, starting with deoxygenated blood returned from the body.