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Chapter 18 Cardiovascular System
Heart
I. General facts
A. 5.3 quarts
B. 1750 gals./day
C. Fist size – 14cm X 9 cm
D. lies in the mediastinum w/ apex
On an angle pointing inferior/left
1. left side is thicker than right – 2/3 on the left
fig. 18.1; pg. 662
II. Double pump
A. Blood comes into Rt. atrium to
Rt. ventricle
B. goes to lungs exchanges CO2 &O2
C. Oxygenated blood comes back to
heart to Lt. atrium into Lt. ventricle
D. Goes out aorta to all parts of the
body
fig. 18.5; page 668
III. Layers of Heart
A. Pericardium – Double walled sac
around heart - Fibrous & serous
pericardiums
1. Fibrous pericardium – tough,
dense CT
2. Parietal pericardium (serous
tissue) lines the fibrous
pericardium (cavity)
3. Parietal tissue folds back and
now lays on top of heart as
visceral pericardium – also
known as the epicardium
4. Fluid filled space between the
two serous linings is the
pericardial cavity
fig. 8.2; pg.663
B. Myocardium
1. bulk of the heart
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. It contracts
4. striated
5. Branching cells, tightly
1
connected with intercalated
discs
fig. 4.10b; pg. 137
6. Heart “skeleton” fibrous CT
reinforces heart & internally
anchors muscle tissue
C. Endocardium – lines the inside of
the chambers (atria & ventricles)
covers the CT heart valves
IV. Heart Outside Anatomy
Fig. 18.4c; pg. 666
1. Anterior interventricular sulcus
(grove)
a. seperates atria from ventricles
externally anteriorly & posteriorly
2. Superior & posterior ventricular
sulcus
a. Seperates ventricles externally
3. Superior Vena Cava
a. Brings blood back from upper
part of the body
4. Inferior Vena Cava
a. Brings blood back from lower
part of the body
5. Pulmonary (lungs) arteries
a. Take deoxygenated blood from
Rt. side of heart to lungs
6. Auricle of Rt. atrium
a. Increase volume of atria
7. Auricle of Lt. atrium
8. Coronary arteries & veins
Supply blood to actual heart
muscle
V. Internal Heart Anatomy
Fig. 18.4e; pg. 667
1. Superior Vena Cava
a. Vein brings deoxygenated blood
from upper body to R atrium
2
2. Inferior Vena Cava
a. Vein brings deoxygenated blood
from lower body to R atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
a. Opening between R atrium & R
ventricle
b. One way – no back flow
c. Rt atrio-ventriculer valve
4. Papilary muscle
a. controls valve
5. Chordae Tendinae
a. Attaches papillary muscle to valve
6. Pulmonary arteries
a. Carries deoxygenated blood to
lungs
b. trunk, right & left
7. Pulmonary semi-lunar valve
a. keeps blood from backing up
b. no papillary muscles/chordae
tendonae – just little cups
8. Pulmonary veins
a. Oxygenated blood to L atria
9. Bicuspid valve
a. Opening between L atrium and L
ventricle
b. mitral valve; L A-V valve
10. Papilary muscles & chordae
tendonae
11. Aorta
a. Takes oxygenated blood to body
12. Aortic semi lunar valve
a. Keeps blood from backing up
13. Aortic arch – arch
14. Descending (thoracic) artery
15. Interventricular septum
a. separates ventricles
b. hole – murmur
c. L ventricle pumps to whole body –
has thickest walls
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