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Transcript
Chapter 18 Cardiovascular System Heart I. General facts A. 5.3 quarts B. 1750 gals./day C. Fist size – 14cm X 9 cm D. lies in the mediastinum w/ apex On an angle pointing inferior/left 1. left side is thicker than right – 2/3 on the left fig. 18.1; pg. 662 II. Double pump A. Blood comes into Rt. atrium to Rt. ventricle B. goes to lungs exchanges CO2 &O2 C. Oxygenated blood comes back to heart to Lt. atrium into Lt. ventricle D. Goes out aorta to all parts of the body fig. 18.5; page 668 III. Layers of Heart A. Pericardium – Double walled sac around heart - Fibrous & serous pericardiums 1. Fibrous pericardium – tough, dense CT 2. Parietal pericardium (serous tissue) lines the fibrous pericardium (cavity) 3. Parietal tissue folds back and now lays on top of heart as visceral pericardium – also known as the epicardium 4. Fluid filled space between the two serous linings is the pericardial cavity fig. 8.2; pg.663 B. Myocardium 1. bulk of the heart 2. Cardiac muscle tissue 3. It contracts 4. striated 5. Branching cells, tightly 1 connected with intercalated discs fig. 4.10b; pg. 137 6. Heart “skeleton” fibrous CT reinforces heart & internally anchors muscle tissue C. Endocardium – lines the inside of the chambers (atria & ventricles) covers the CT heart valves IV. Heart Outside Anatomy Fig. 18.4c; pg. 666 1. Anterior interventricular sulcus (grove) a. seperates atria from ventricles externally anteriorly & posteriorly 2. Superior & posterior ventricular sulcus a. Seperates ventricles externally 3. Superior Vena Cava a. Brings blood back from upper part of the body 4. Inferior Vena Cava a. Brings blood back from lower part of the body 5. Pulmonary (lungs) arteries a. Take deoxygenated blood from Rt. side of heart to lungs 6. Auricle of Rt. atrium a. Increase volume of atria 7. Auricle of Lt. atrium 8. Coronary arteries & veins Supply blood to actual heart muscle V. Internal Heart Anatomy Fig. 18.4e; pg. 667 1. Superior Vena Cava a. Vein brings deoxygenated blood from upper body to R atrium 2 2. Inferior Vena Cava a. Vein brings deoxygenated blood from lower body to R atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve a. Opening between R atrium & R ventricle b. One way – no back flow c. Rt atrio-ventriculer valve 4. Papilary muscle a. controls valve 5. Chordae Tendinae a. Attaches papillary muscle to valve 6. Pulmonary arteries a. Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs b. trunk, right & left 7. Pulmonary semi-lunar valve a. keeps blood from backing up b. no papillary muscles/chordae tendonae – just little cups 8. Pulmonary veins a. Oxygenated blood to L atria 9. Bicuspid valve a. Opening between L atrium and L ventricle b. mitral valve; L A-V valve 10. Papilary muscles & chordae tendonae 11. Aorta a. Takes oxygenated blood to body 12. Aortic semi lunar valve a. Keeps blood from backing up 13. Aortic arch – arch 14. Descending (thoracic) artery 15. Interventricular septum a. separates ventricles b. hole – murmur c. L ventricle pumps to whole body – has thickest walls 3 4