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Transcript
Steady State Simulation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier by Mr. Abdulrahman Alosaimi Outline • • • • • • • • • Introduction Basic Descriptions of Optical amplifier Types of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplifications Principles Physical Structure of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Numerical Simulation and Algorithms Travelling Wave Equations for Signal Fields Travelling Wave Equations for Spontaneous Emission Carrier Density Rate Equation • Steady State Numerical Algorithm • Results Introduction Basic Descriptions of Optical amplifier • An SOA is an optoelectronic device that under suitable operating conditions can amplify an input light signal. • A schematic diagram of a basic SOA is shown in Fig. (A). • The active region in the device imparts gain to an input signal. • An external electric current provides the energy source that enables gain to take place. Types of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers • The Fabry Perot SOA (FP-SOA) where reflections from the end facets are significant (i.e. the signal undergoes many passes through the amplifier). • The travelling-wave SOA (TW-SOA) where reflections are negligible (i.e. the signal undergoes a single-pass of the amplifier). Antireflection coatings can be used to create SOAs with facet reflectivities The TW-SOA is not as sensitive as the FP-SOA to fluctuations in bias current, temperature and signal polarization. Optical Amplifications Principles Physical Structure of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Fig. : Double-heterostructure (DH) semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Numerical Simulation and Algorithms • The model is based on a set of coupled differential equations that describe the interaction between the internal variables of the amplifier • Travelling Wave Equations for Signal Fields • Travelling Wave Equations for Spontaneous Emission • Carrier Density Rate Equation Travelling Wave Equations for Signal Fields Es+ and Es- propagating in the positive and negative z directions respectively, z lies along the amplifier axis with its origin at the input facet. where 𝒋 = −𝟏 and α is the material loss coefficient Г is optical confinement factor β signal propagation coefficient gm(ѵ,n) material gain coefficient Travelling Wave Equations for Spontaneous Emission N+, N- are defined as the spontaneous emission photon rates (1/sec) Rsp represents the spontaneously emitted noise coupled into N+, N- Carrier Density Rate Equation The carrier density n(z) obeys the rate equation I is the amplifier bias current e is the electronic charge d is SOA thickness L is SOA active region length W is SOA active region width R(n) contain the radiative and nonradiative carrier recombination rate Steady State Numerical Algorithm • The amplifier is split into a number of sections. The signal fields and spontaneous emission photon rates are estimated at the section interfaces. The carrier density is estimated at the centre of each section. Results Predicted SOA output spectrum versus wavelength predicted gain profile with input signals Optical spectrum analyser display of SOA output. Resolution bandwidth = 0.1 nm Optical spectrum analyser display of SOA output. Resolution bandwidth = 0.1 nm -10 -10 -15 -15 Power (dBm) -20 Power (dBm) -20 -25 -25 -30 -30 -35 -35 -40 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 Wavelength (nm) -40 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 Wavelength (nm) 1570 1580 1590 1570 1580 1590 • Predicted forward and backward signal propagation as a function of spatial distribution