Download Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South

Chapter 17 Reconstruction and
the New South (1865-1896)
Section 2 Radicals in Control
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: The system of checks and
balances prevents any branch of
government from having too much power.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
What were the results of Radical
Reconstruction?
African Americans’ Rights
• Some whites tried to
terrorize African
Americans (Burning
churches and homes)
• Many events happened
like this and convinced
Radical Republicans that
President Johnson’s
Reconstruction plan was
not strong enough
• Fall 1865- Southern states
created new governments
based on Johnson’s plan
• Also elected new
representatives to
Congress
• When the representatives
arrived in Washington,
D.C., Congress refused to
seat them
Black Codes
• Early 1866- Southern
states passes black
codes
• Laws to control freed men
and women
• Allowed plantation owners
to exploit African
American workers
• Also allowed officials to
arrest and fine jobless
African Americans
• Banned African
Americans from owning or
renting farms
• To many, the black codes
resembled slavery
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Early 1866- Congress
passed a bill giving the
Freedmen’s Bureau new
powers
• The Bureau could set up
courts and try people
charged with violating the
rights of African Americans
• African Americans could
serve on juries in these
courts
• Congress passed the Civil
Rights Act of 1866Granted full citizenship to
African Americans
• The federal government
could also intervene in
state affairs to protect their
rights
• Also overturned the black
codes
• Also contradicted the 1857
Dred Scott decision
The Two Bills
• Johnson vetoed both
• Johnson argued that both the
Freedmen’s Bureau bill and the
Civil Rights Act were
unconstitutional
• Because they were approved by a
Congress that did not include
representatives from all the states
• Republicans in Congress had
enough votes to override both
vetoes and the bills became law
• Congress and the President were
not working together
• Radical Republicans abandoned
the idea of compromise and
drafted their own Reconstruction
plan
The 14th Amendment
• Fearing the Civil Rights
Act might be overturned
in court, Congress
passed the 14th
Amendment in 1866
(enacted in 1868)
• Granted full citizenship to
all born in the United
States
• Most African Americans
became full citizens
• Gave all rights to African
Americans
• Life, liberty, and property
• Every citizen was entitled
to “equal protection of
the laws”
14th Amendment Continued
• If a state prevented any adult
male citizen from voting, then it
could lose representation in
Congress
• The amendment also barred
former Confederate leaders
from holding office (unless
pardoned by Congress)
• The 14th Amendment excluded
Native Americans
• Southern states had to ratify the
amendment to rejoin the Union
• Of the 11 Southern states, only
Tennessee ratified it
• It did not take effect until 1868
Republican Victory
• Congressional
elections of 1866
• President Johnson
campaigned against
Radical Republicans
• Many Northerners
objected to the nasty
tone of Johnson’s
campaign
• Also feared clashes
between whites and
African Americans
• The Republicans won
a solid victory, and
took Reconstruction
into their own hands
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
• Johnson had no power
(overrides)
• Congress passed the First
Reconstruction Act and the
Second Reconstruction Act
• The 10 Southern states that
didn’t ratify the 14th Amendment
had new governments created
• The 10 states were divided into
5 military districts , each run by
a military commander
• African American men were
guaranteed the right to vote
• Also banned former
Confederate leaders from
holding public office
• To rejoin the Union, the states
had to ratify the 14th
Amendment and submit new
state constitutions to Congress
for approval
• Military commanders prepared
state constitutional conventions
Readmitting the States
• Many white Southerners
refused to vote
• 1000s of newly
registered African
American voters voted
• Republicans gained
control of Southern state
governments
• By 1868- 7 states were
readmitted (Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana,
North Carolina, and
South Carolina)
• By 1870- Mississippi,
Virginia, and Texas were
restored to the Union
President Johnson
• Johnson opposed Radical
Reconstruction
• Johnson used his power of
commander in chief of the
army to direct the military
governors
• Congress passed laws to
limit the presidents power,
such as the Tenure of
Office Act
• This Act prohibited the
president from removing
government officials,
including members of his
own cabinet, without the
Senate’s approval
• Conflict between Johnson
and the Radicals grew more
intense
Johnson and the Radicals
• August 1867- Congress was
not in session
• Johnson suspended
Secretary of War Edwin
Stanton without the Senate’s
approval
• Congress met again and
refused to approve the
suspension, Johnson
removed Stanton from office
• This violated the Tenure of
Office Act
• Johnson also appointed
people the Radical
Republicans opposed to
command some of the
Southern military districts
Impeaching the President
• Outraged by Johnson’s
actions, the House of
Representatives voted to
impeach the president
• Formally charge him of
wrongdoings
• 1868- the case went to the
Senate for a trial that lasted
almost 3 months
• Both sides made their
arguments
• The senators failed to
achieve the 2/3rd majority
required for conviction (1
vote)
• As a result, Johnson stayed
in office until the end of
1869
Election of 1868
• The Republicans
nominated Ulysses S.
Grant, the Civil War hero
• The Democrats chose
Horatio Seymour
• Grant won most of the
African American votes
in the South and won the
presidency
• This election showed
that voters supported the
Republican approach to
Reconstruction
15th Amendment
• 1869- Congress passed the
15th Amendment
• Prohibited state and federal
governments from denying
the right to vote to any male
citizen
• Because of “race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude”
• African American men won
the right to vote in 1870
• Republicans believed the
power of the vote would
enable African Americans to
protect themselves
• This belief was too
optimistic
What were the results of Radical Reconstruction?
-African Americans gained full citizenship with the
rights due all citizens, although protecting these
rights proved difficult
-African American men gained the right to vote
-African American voters, combined with the refusal
of many white Southerners to vote, put Republicans
in control of Southern state governments
-By 1870 all of the Southern states had met the
requirements under Radical Reconstruction and were
restored to the Union
Chapter 17 Section 2 Quiz
African Americans were granted
full citizenship by the
A. 14th Amendment.
B. Ten Percent Law.
C. Civil Rights Act of
1866.
D. black codes.
All individuals born in the United States
were granted full citizenship by the
A. Thirteenth
Amendment.
B. black codes.
C. Civil Rights Act of
1866.
D. Fourteenth
Amendment.
The only Southern state to immediately
ratify the Fourteenth Amendment was
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maryland.
Tennessee.
Kentucky.
North Carolina.
When President Andrew Johnson violated
the Tenure of Office Act, the House of
Representatives voted to
A. impeach.
B. applaud him.
C. abstain.
D. override.
Which amendment gave African
American men the right to vote?
A. Thirteenth
Amendment
B. Fourteenth
Amendment
C. Fifteenth
Amendment
D. Sixteenth
Amendment