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Date _________
Geology Study Guide
1. ________________ is caused by stress and is the bending, tilting, and breaking of rock.
2. ___________________________________ is the scientific theory explaining that the lithosphere is
divided into moving slabs. It also explains Earth processes, such as volcanic activity and earthquakes.
3. The term ___________ describes the size and shape of the land features on Earth’s surface.
4. Label Earth’s
layers
5. Imagine you collected the data below to study the age and location of rocks on the sea floor.
Age and Location of Sea-floor Rocks
Rock location (km from a
mid-ocean ridge)
Rock age (years)
10
300,000
25
1,000,000
40
1,625,000
Based on the chart above, if a rock is located about 50 km from the mid-ocean ridge, how old is it likely
to be?
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6. Label the Sea-floor spreading diagram–the parts and the processes
A & B ___________________________
C___________________________
F___________________________
G___________________________
H___________________________
I___________________________
J___________________________
K___________________________
7. Define subduction and sea-floor spreading, then tell how they are different?
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
9. Where does the heat come from that drives this convection current?
10. Where is the density of the material greater, at point A or point C? Explain why.
11. What happens to the temperature and density of the material between points B and C?
12. What happens to the temperature and density of the material between points D and A?
13. How do you think this convection cell might affect the crust material above it?
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Grade 8 • Assessment Guide
14. Which hypothesis is shown in the figure? Explain the hypothesis and
tell who stated it.
15. List three evidences used to support the hypothesis of continental drift.
16. What are tectonic plates and how do they move?
17. Which layer of Earth does a tectonic plate ride on top of?
18. The diagram below shows rock that is being deformed by one type of stress. Which type of stress is
shown?
19. Complete the table
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Grade 8 • Assessment Guide
20. Why do folded mountain belts sometimes form at convergent plate boundaries?
21. What can cause a chain of volcanic islands to form far from plate boundaries?
22. On which type of plate would you find thinner, denser rock?
23. List the differences between Continental Drift / Sea-floor Spreading / Plate Tectonics
a. Continental Drift-
b. Sea-floor Spreading-
c. Plate Tectonics-
24. If the Earth’s mantle did not have plasticity, how would the surface of the Earth be different?
25. What is a topographic map?
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Grade 8 • Assessment Guide
26. Using the topographic map, determine which labeled
point on this map has the highest elevation.
Use the topographic map below to determine your answer.
27. Which type of land feature is represented by the letter B?
28. Which letter represents the peak of the mountain?
29. Imagine you collected the data below to study the age and location of rocks on the sea floor.
Age and Location of Sea-floor Rocks
Distance from mid-ocean ridge
(km)
Age (years)
25
1,000,000
50
2,000,000
75
3,000,000
Based on the chart above, if the trend continues and a rock is 5,000,000 years old, about how many
kilometers from the mid-ocean ridge would this rock be found?
30. A landslide formed a huge erosional feature on the side of a hill called a scarp. You want to learn more
about this feature’s shape and size, but you cannot go to the site. Which type of map would be the best
option to learn this information?
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Grade 8 • Assessment Guide
31. There are long mountain belts that divide the sea floor and generate new sea floor as magma rises and
erupts onto Earth’s surface. What are these mountain belts known as?
32. Describe two types of landforms that form as a result of tectonic processes, but that occur far from plate
boundaries. Provide one continental and one oceanic example.
33. What type of plate boundary is shown in the diagram, and what type
of landform is likely to occur here?
34. How can erosion, deposition, and weathering change Earth’s surface over millions of years? (pg. 374381)
Unit Review
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Grade 8 • Assessment Guide