Download 370KB - NZQA

9 11 9 2
2
911920
SUPERVISOR’S USE ONLY
Level 2 Earth and Space Science, 2016
91192 Demonstrate understanding
of stars and planetary systems
2.00 p.m. Thursday 10 November 2016
Credits: Four
Achievement
Achievement with Merit
Demonstrate understanding of stars and
planetary systems.
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of
stars and planetary systems.
Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of stars and planetary
systems.
Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet and
clearly number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 2 –12 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
TOTAL
ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY
© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2016. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2
RESOURCE
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
–10
Rigel
–8
SUPERGIANTS (I)
–6
105
104
–4
Absolute Magnitude, My
–2
0
102
GIANTS (II, III)
2
MA
IN S
4
10
SUBGIANTS (IV)
6
EQ
UE
NC
1
E (V
)
10–1
8
W
10
H
IT
E
10–2
D
W
A
R
12
FS
10–3
Barnard’s Star
Procyon B
14
10–4
30 000
10 000
7 000
6 000
4 000
Effective Temperature, K
Adapted from: http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/h/hertzsprung-russell+diagram
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
Luminosity compared to Sun
103
3
This page has been deliberately left blank.
The examination continues on the following page.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
4
QUESTION ONE: HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL (HR) DIAGRAM
Barnard’s star and Procyon B are different classes of stars that have a similar luminosity in the night
sky.
(a)
Use the HR diagram on page 2 to describe THREE characteristics of Barnard’s star and
Procyon B, and then use these characteristics to compare and contrast the luminosity of
Barnard’s star and Procyon B.
Characteristic
Barnard’s
Star
Procyon B
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
5
(b) Use your evidence from (a) to determine which of Barnard’s star or Procyon B was initially
smaller, and justify your choice.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
6
QUESTION TWO: FORMATION OF PLUTO
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
In 2006 Pluto, previously regarded as the smallest, lowest mass, planet, was reclassified as a dwarf
planet, causing a huge amount of media attention.
Saturrn
Jupiter
Uranus
Pluto
Neptune
Adapted from: http://nineplanets.org/overview.html
Use your knowledge of planets in our solar system, and the overview of the planet’s orbital paths
above, to explain why Pluto was reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
7
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
8
QUESTION THREE: RIGEL
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigel#/media/File:Rigel,_Rutherfurd_Observatory,_09_September_2014.jpeg
Rigel is a blue-white supergiant star, approximately 75 times the size of the Sun.
Explain in detail the three life stages of Rigel in terms of gravity, mass, fuel source and use, and
energy changes.
You may refer to the HR diagram on page 2 to assist your answer, and you may draw an annotated
diagram(s) in the box below.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
9
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
More space for this
answer is available on
the following page.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
10
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
11
QUESTION
NUMBER
Extra paper if required.
Write the question number(s) if applicable.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY
12
9 11 9 2
QUESTION
NUMBER
Extra paper if required.
Write the question number(s) if applicable.
Earth and Space Science 91192, 2016
ASSESSOR’S
USE ONLY