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Transcript
Layers of the Earth: Name___________________ Read through the information below. Then complete the “Fill-Ins” at the bottom of page. The structure of the earth is made of several layers. Each layer has unique characteristics and functions. The uppermost layer is the Earth’s crust, which is made of solid rock material. The crust is broken into two types; Continental crust which averages about 25 miles thick, and Oceanic crust which averages about 4 miles thick. Together this top layer is called the Lithosphere and is the uppermost part of the Mantle. Just below the lithosphere is the Asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a layer of solid rock that has so much pressure and heat that the rocks can move like a thick liquid. This allows crustal material to float and move around the earth causing plate tectonics. The asthenosphere averages about 100 miles thick, but can be as thick as 400 miles in some locations. Together, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere make up the Upper Mantle. The next layer is the Lower Mantle. The lower mantle can be over 1700 miles thick and contains over 80% of the earth’s volume. The lower mantle is comprised of super heated rocks and minerals. Temperatures in the lower mantle can reach over 7000 degrees Fahrenheit. Even at these high temperatures the rocks are only semi-solid due to the extreme pressure from the rocks above. Deeper inside the earth is the Outer Core. This layer is made of liquid nickel and iron that slowly flows around the core. Scientists believe this layer is responsible for the earth’s magnetic field. At the center of the earth is the Inner Core. The inner core is about 750 miles in radius and is believed to be solid nickel and iron. The temperature at the center is estimated to be over 9000 degrees Fahrenheit. Geologists are currently collecting new information about the earth’s layers in hopes to better understand the geology of the planet. Complete the statement “Fill-Ins’ by using information from the above reading. 1 – Oceanic crust and __________________ crust make up the uppermost layer of the earth. 2 – Continental crust averages about ________ miles thick. 3 – The Upper Mantle contains the ______________________ and ______________________. 4 – The Asthenosphere can be as much as _______ miles thick. 5 – At over 1700 miles thick, the _________________ contains super heated rocks and minerals. 6 – Temperatures in the lower mantle can reach over __________ degrees Fahrenheit. 7 – The outer core is thought to be responsible for the earth’s ___________________ field. 8 –The Inner Core is thought to be made of solid ______________ and _______________. GES - Activity Layers of the Earth: Name___________________ Color the Layers of the Earth by creating your own color key next to the diagram. Color Key Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Match the correct description with the correct Layer of the Earth using the word bank. -- Word Bank -Lithosphere Upper Mantle Asthenosphere Outer Core Layer of earth that contains over 80% of the earth’s volume and can be 1700 miles thick. ______________________ Layer of earth that contains Continental and Oceanic Crust. ______________________ This layer can move like a thick liquid and averages about 100 miles thick. This layer contains both the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere. _____________________ _____________________ Lower Mantle Inner Core Layer of earth that is made of solid iron and nickel. May be over 9000 degrees Fahrenheit. ______________________ This layer contains liquid iron and nickel and may influence the earth’s magnetic field. _____________________ GES - Activity