Download Physical Anthropology – Exam 2

Physical Anthropology – Exam 2
Section 1: Multiple Choice (30 questions at 2 percentage point each equals 60 percentage points).
1. Which of the following stages of the life cycle are NOT found in primates other than humans?
a. Infancy
b. Juvenile
c. Sub-adult
d. Adult
e. Post-reproductive
2. Essential amino acids______________
a. reflect an ancestral human diet high in animal protein
b. cannot be readily synthesized in the human body
c. are acquired through the diet we eat
d. A and B
e. All of the above
3. Nursing has been shown to have a tendency to __________ the chances of _______________.
a. Increase; ovulation
b. Decrease; ovulation
c. Decrease; HIV infection in women
d. Increase; developing skin cancer among Caucasoids living in equatorial Africa
e. Stabilize; developing ovarian cancer in genetically-prone women
4. I walk on my knuckles, have longer arms than legs, and have a brachiating ancestry. I am:
a. Gorilla
b. Baboon
c. Howler Monkey
d. Loris
e. None of the above
5. I have a prehensile tail, am solely arboreal, and live in South America. I am:
a. Platyrrhine
b. New World Monkey
c. Cattarhine
d. A and B
e. B and C
6. I have a long snout, a tail, a wet nose, and live in Madagascar. I am:
a. Lemur
b. Loris
c. Tarsier
d. Siamang
e. Marmoset
7. The Miocene epoch is most associated with the development of the:
a. Prosimians
b. Apes
c. Monkeys
d. Hominids
e. Plesiadapiforms
8. The Paleocene epoch began or is at least associated with the __________ approximately 65 million years ago.
a. Extinction of the dinosaurs
b. Adaptive radiation of the primitive mammals
c. Development of the first stone tools by cave men
d. A and B
e. B and C
9. The Oligocene epoch is most associated with the development of the:
a. Prosimians
b. Apes
c. Monkeys
d. Hominids
e. Plesiadapiforms
10. The most primitive monkeys are the Callitrichids such as the marmoset. What about them is primitive?
a. Single births
b. Presence of claws.
c. Dental combs.
d. A and B
e. B and C
11. Two major groups of modern prosimians are_____________
a. Lemurs and Cebids
b. Lorises and Hylobates
c. Lemurs and Lorises
d. Tarsiers and Plesiadapiformes
e. Omomyids and Adapids
12. Primates have been observed to:
a. use tools
b. use plants as medicine
c. learn through observation
d. engage in displays of affection, compassion, and grooming
e. All of the above actually have been observed to one degree or another in primates
13. A generally aggressive or dominance asserting behavior among primates is:
a. Mounting another primate
b. Branchshaking/Displaying
c. Yawning to expose the canines
d. Staring
e. All of the above
14. The best indicator of a taxonomic/evolutionary relationship among two animals is _______, at least as far as
cladistic taxonomists are concerned:
a. being found in the same fossil bed
b. presence of analogous traits
c. presence of shared, derived characters
d. presence of shared primitive characters
e. presence of autapomorphs in one of the animals
15. The most basic unit social unit of any primate group is:
a. The monogamous mating couple
b. Mother and infant
c. Brother and sister
d. Alpha Male and every female
e. There are no social relationships among primates
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16. Which of the following can be classified as an anthropoid?
a. Apes
b. Monkeys
c. Prosimians
d. A and B
e. All of the above
17. The proper order for a Linnean taxonomy, in order from most general taxon to most specific, is:
a. Phylum, Class, Order, Kingdom, Species, Genus, Family
b. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
c. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
d. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
e. Order, Family, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Genus, Species
18. The term “Primate” is an example of what level of Linnaean taxonomy?
a. Family
b. Class
c. Order
d. Genus
e. Kingdom
19. Stephen J. Gould’s idea that species remain relatively unchanging for long periods of time interrupted by short
bursts of rapid evolution is called:
a. Punctuated Equilibrium
b. Speciation
c. Gradualism
d. Sociobiology
e. Socioecology
20. Male Hanuman langurs were shown to have committed infanticide in order to:
a. Assert dominance over the females through this brutal show of force
b. Annoy the other males and goad them into a fight
c. Eat the corpses. Hanumans are carnivorous.
d. Bring the females into estrus in order to mate.
e. None of the above.
21. Proconsul had an interesting mixture of ape and monkey features and was found early in what epoch?
a. Pliocene
b. Miocene
c. Eocene
d. Oligocene
e. Paleocene
22. Aegyptopithecus is a transitional species, found in the early Oligocene. He bridges the gap between:
a. Ape and monkey
b. Human and ape
c. Prosimian and monkey
d. Prosimian and primitive mammal
e. None of the above. Aegyptopithecus was actually shown to have been a hoax.
23. Matt Cartmill proposed that primates began as hunters of insects in the undergrowth and low tiers of the forest
canopy. His idea is called:
a. Speciation Specifica
b. Arboreal Hypothesis
c. Visual Predation Hypothesis
d. Punctuated Equilibrium
e. Phyletic Gradualism
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24. A nocturnal, wet-nosed primate is most likely:
a. Old World Monkey
b. New World Monkey
c. Lesser Ape
d. Prosimian
e. Great Ape
25. One important factor helping create the binocular or stereoscopic vision of primates is:
a. The two forward-facing eyes.
b. The incomplete cross of the optic nerves found in no other mammal.
c. The decrease in reliance on smell, increasing the size of the optic nerves.
d. A and B
e. All of the above
26. If one were to look solely at humans’ ratio of arm length to leg length, we might be expected to move more like:
a. Gibbons
b. Lemurs
c. Baboons
d. Howler Monkeys
e. Any of the above will do. There is no significance to arm and leg length.
27. As we have learned, primates are a very diverse and widespread group of animals. Which of the following
continents did the animals never colonize at any time in the past 65 million years?
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. South America
d. Australia
e. Europe
28. According to Carl Sagan’s film Cosmos, the entire span of human written history can be though of as occupying
______________ on his “cosmic calendar”.
a. The last six months
b. The last month
c. The last day
d. The last hour
e. The last 10 seconds of the last day
29. Evidence from primate studies, such as that conducted on the gluteus medius muscles of chimpanzees at SUNY,
Stoneybrook, indicate that:
a. Apes have no capacity for bipedal locomotion
b. Apes are more suited to bipedalism than we are
c. Apes have muscles that are designed to aid in climbing but have added uses in bipedalism
d. Apes make better swimmers than humans
e. Apes were bipedal walkers who abandoned that form of movement to swing from branches
30. The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that _______.
a. The primitive atmosphere of earth had the right elements to create building blocks of life
b. Apes have tremendous linguistic ability
c. Radiocarbon dating is an inexact science best used for hypothesis building, not testing
d. The primitive atmosphere could not have supported conditions under which life could develop
e. What the heck is the Miller-Urey experiment?
Please continue on to the True-False section
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Section 2: True/False (20 questions at 2 percentage point each equals 40 percentage points).
Mark A for True and B for False
31. Development refers to the differentiation of cells into different types of tissue and their subsequent maturation.
32. Differences in physical traits between males and females of the same species are called sexual dimorphism.
33. Some researchers suggest that our present problems with obesity AND starvation have been in part the result of a
rapid change from our pre-agricultural diet of high protein, low fat meats and a variety of vegetable foods.
34. “Homologous” describes a structure that has the same embryological or evolutionary origin but a different
function in the two animals being compared.
35. Stereoscopic or binocular vision refers to the ability to see in color.
36. Humans have the most prolonged period of post-natal dependency of all primates.
37. There are no primates with claws; all of them have nothing but nails.
38. The most primitive of all primates are the Old World Monkeys.
39. No prosimians live outside of Africa.
40. The tarsier is a prosimian that seems to share some characteristics with the anthropoids.
41. The dental formula of all anthropoid primates is 2-1-2-3.
42. Apes today are limited to Africa and Asia, when found in the wild. Chimpanzees are an example of an Asian ape,
while the Orangutan comes from equatorial Africa.
43. Studying nonhuman primates and their behavior is important because it gives us insight into the probable
behavior of our earliest ancestors, who we will discuss in the final unit of the term.
44. Tarsiers are found only on the island of Madagascar.
45. Orangutans are found in African rainforests and some savannah terrain.
46. A primitive structure is one that has been around for many years and is inherently inferior to derived structures.
47. The washing of sweet potatoes by monkeys on Koshima Island (as seen in the video Life in the Trees) is an
example of cultural behavior because that practice has been taught to succeeding generations.
48. Primates have never been seen to engage in behaviors one might call “cultural”
49. The bonobo is among the fiercest of all primates with a strictly male-dominated society and ruthless alpha males.
50. Phyletic Gradualism is consistent with Darwin’s ideas about the slow accumulation of changes to create new
species.
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