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Classification Review
Chapter 17
Classification - why?
• Name organisms
• Group in a logical manner
Aristotle’s classification
• Blood and no blood
• Fly, walk, swim
Carolus Linnaeus
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1700’s
Names were too long- descriptive
Bi-nomial nomenclature
Bi? Nombre?
Genus species
Homo sapiens
Taxonomy
• The science of describing, naming,
and classifying organisms
• Groups within a taxonomic system is
called a taxon
There are 7 taxons or
groups
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K kingdom “5 or 6 “
P phylum
C class
O order
F family
G Genus
S species “millions”
Kings protect citizens only for grape soda
• LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS
• Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Primates
Suborder: Anthropoidea
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Primate characteristics
• Shortened snout
• Why? Primates rely less on their sense of smell and
more on vision. Primates also have a reduced number
of teeth as compared to other mammals.
• Several types of teeth: incisors, canines,
premolars, molars
• Why? With different types of teeth, they can eat a
variety of foods and process food efficiently. They
have incisors for biting, canines for shearing and
premolars and molars for crunching food into
digestable packages.
• Forward facing eye orbits
• Why? Primates have an increased
emphasis on vision, so natural selection
acted to position the eyes best for
taking in the most visual stimuli.
• Stereoscopic vision
• Why? Stereoscopic vision means that the
fields of vision provided by each eye
overlap, resulting in what's called depth
perception. This is extremely useful for
forest-dwelling primates, as it lets them
judge how far away the next branch is as
they are moving from tree to tree.
• Three bones of the middle ear housed in
a skull outgrowth (the auditory or
petrosal bulla)
• Clavicles (collarbones)
• Why? Primates have very extensive
shoulder motion because the clavicle
provides the only bony link between the
upper limb and the trunk.
• Two separate bones in the forearm and
lower leg
• Why? Having two bones allows for better
limb motion and more precise movements.
• Nails instead of claws
• Why? Nails allow primates to manipulate
objects more easily.
• Increased thumb mobility
• Why? Again, related to manipulating objects. As
you move across the primate order from lemurs
and lorises to great apes, including humans, the
thumb becomes more and more mobile
• Grasping feet
• Why? Primates have more big toe mobility for
grasping and climbing. The only exception is
humans (Homo sapiens). We have lost the
grasping ability in our feet because our feet
are designed to serve as a platform for walking
• Opposable thumbs lab
KINGDOMS
• Animal
• Plant
• Bacteria ( Monera)
– Eubacteria
– Archaebacteria
• Protists
• Fungus
Aunt Polly baked pies & fudge
Animals play proudly back and forth everyday
Domains (above kingdom)
• Archaea- uni cell no nuc, cell wall w/o
pep
• Eukarya- P,F, Pl, An
• Bacteria – Eubacteria, Uni cell , no
nuc, and cell walls w/ pep