Download Cultural and social factors on memory Discuss cultural`s

Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to
apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and
your relationships with others!
Be able to discuss the reasons for false memories.
Be able to explain possible problems with
eyewitness testimonies.
What has been
assigned today?
POP #3 Due Friday
Entry Task: Get with a partner and prepare to
discuss review questions.
What is coming up?
What is Due?
Agenda
Review
Memory and School
Exit Ticket:

Discuss how social or cultural factors can affect
cognitive processes.

First to apply the terms. He questions why
psychologists can claim to do a cross cultural
study without rigorously examine the
differences in methods.
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Etics are marriage, kinship, principles, concepts of
intelligence, time orientation and other dimensions
of culture, education of children and stress.
Emics are definitions of marriage, kinship rules,
what is valued in education, monochronic or
polychronic time orientation and how stress is
experiences
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Etic: Universal behaviors
Emic: culture specific behaviors
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Why do these terms matter?
Effects of cultural bias on psychological research
We assume that an emic from our own culture is in
fact an etic.
This is Ethnocentrism.
 Cross cultural research often aims to reveal behaviours
which may be universal and potentially biological but
when imposed etics are part of the research design than
conclusions can be very misleading.


Three steps to create universal categories
that are useful to comparing cultures.
1.
2.
3.
May have to start your study with an imposed
etic. You must then use that knowledge to create
a emic that is truly meaningful to people being
studied.
Researchers create new categories that reflect
what is observed in another culture. These are
called derived etics. You can now use these to
make comparisons.
Finally you now apply the derived etic in new
research setting and continue to modify them.
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Why is it difficult to measure intelligence
between cultures?
Watch segment.


Bartlett- nonliterate African tribal people use
rote recall on memory tasks.
Michael Cole wanted to test the idea.

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
Cole (1971)
Aim: Test Bartlett’s idea by giving free recall
tests to Kpelle farmers in Africa.
He chose items that would fit into familiar
categories and yet….
Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to
apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and
your relationships with others!
Be able to discuss the reasons for false memories.
Be able to explain possible problems with
eyewitness testimonies.
What has been
assigned today?
Finish Introduction
Early Work: Review-
What is coming up?
Agenda
Review
What is Due?
Exit Ticket:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What process uses schema to interpret what you see?
Which process is the biological path to interpret what you are seeing?
Which experiment used a Native American story to investigate cultural
schemas?
What part of the brain processes declarative memory?
Name two studies that support that concept?
Name the study that discovered mirror neurons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name one experiment that supports mirror neurons?
Which memory model describes how memory goes from sensory memory
to short term memory to long term memory?
Which experiment shows how you have both a short term store and long
term store for memory?
Name two case studies that support multi-store memory model.
What study supports both localization of function and brain plasticity?
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Which experiments supports the idea that genetics
influences depression?
Which experiment used an office to investigate how
your schema impacts your memory?
Which experiment investigated how your perspective
influences what you remember?
Which experiment investigated the role of schemas in
the development of stereotypes?
What experiment supports the existence of sensory
memory?
What model explains how memories are stored in the
long term memory?
What is the experiment that supports this model?
Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to
apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and
your relationships with others!
Be able to discuss the reasons for false memories.
Be able to explain possible problems with
eyewitness testimonies.
What has been
assigned today?
Monday
Early Work: What is the aim, procedure and
findings of the Wilhelm (sleep) study?
What is coming up?
Agenda
Review
Culture
What is Due?
Exit Ticket:
Cole and Scribner (1974) –
Aim- investigate memory strategies in different
cultures
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-
Used college educated Kpelle adults to help them develop the
tests.
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One complaint about Kpelle children is they
could not measure.
Kpelle use Kopi (a tin can) and Boke (bucket) to
measure rice in the market place.
Demonstration- Estimate how many cups and
then Kopi of ___ are in the bowls
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Aim: to discover if Kpelle could measure.
Subjects: American and Kpelle adults,
Kepelle children.
Procedure: Each subject was presented with
four mixing bowls of equal size holding
different amounts of rice. (1.5 kopi, 3, 4.5
and 6 kopi)
Results showed that the Kpelle people could
indeed measure; in fact the adults were very
accurate. Both the Americans and Kpelle
children made mistakes.

“People learn to remember in ways that are
relevant to their every day lives and these do
not mirror the activities that cognitive
psychologists use to investigate mental
processes.” (Crane, 81)

Does your neighborhood impact your cognitive
abilities? Can I predict how smart you are based on
where you live?
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Gautreaux Program: (Chicago)

Given vouchers to move from
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Random assignments based on availability. After 10
years, Children living in higher SES neighborhoods
performed better academically than children still in
the poorer neighborhood.

Field Experiment- 4,500 families

In five cities
After 5 years children performed better academically
and had better health.
Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to
apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and
your relationships with others!
Be able to discuss the reasons for false memories.
Be able to explain possible problems with
eyewitness testimonies.
What has been
assigned today?
Finish Introduction
Early Work: Pull out your POP. Follow the slide
and do a peet
What is coming up?
Agenda
Review
Memory and School
What is Due?
Exit Ticket:
Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to
apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and
your relationships with others!
Be able to explain how memory is shaped by
cultural factors
Understand two experiments that explain those
factors.
What has been
assigned today?
Finish Introduction
Entry Task: What are the cultural factors that
influence learning and memory?
What is coming up?
Agenda
Memory and Culture
Memory and Neighborhood
What is Due?
Exit Ticket: