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3-1 What Is Ecology? EOC Review 1. Why do scientists repeat experiments? a. They forgot their results b. They are paid to do so c. They want to be safe d. They need verifiable data Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? EOC Review 2. What is the main function of carbohydrates within a cell? a. To build the cell membrane b. To provide cellular energy c. To store cellular information d. To provide water storage within a cell Slide 2 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Slide 3 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Learning Target TN Standard SPI 3210.3.1 Interpret a diagram that illustrates energy flow in an ecosystem. SPI 3210.3.4 Predict how changes in a biogeochemical cycle can affect an ecosystem. I can: • Define ecology • Name the levels of ecological organization • Describe the methods ecologist use Slide 4 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Interactions and Interdependence Interactions and Interdependence Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. Slide 5 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Interactions and Interdependence The biosphere contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including: • Land (geosphere) • Water (hydrosphere) • Air (atmosphere) The biosphere extends from about 8 kilometers above Earth's surface to as far as 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean. Slide 6 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Interactions and Interdependence Interactions within the biosphere produce a web of interdependence between organisms and the environment in which they live. The interdependence of life on Earth contributes to an ever-changing, or dynamic, biosphere. Slide 7 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Levels of Organization Levels of Organization The levels of organization that ecologists study include: • Individuals • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems • Biomes Slide 8 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Levels of Organization Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Individual Slide 9 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Levels of Organization A species is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. Populations are groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. Communities are assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area. Slide 10 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Levels of Organization An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment. A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. The highest level of organization that ecologists study is the entire biosphere itself. Slide 11 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Ecological Methods Ecological Methods Regardless of the tools they use, scientists conduct modern ecological research using three basic approaches: • observing • experimenting • modeling All of these approaches rely on the application of scientific methods to guide ecological inquiry. Slide 12 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Ecological Methods Observing Observing is often the first step in asking ecological questions. Some observations are simple. Others are complex and may form the first step in designing experiments and models. Slide 13 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Ecological Methods Experimenting Experiments can be used to test hypotheses. An ecologist may set up an artificial environment in a laboratory to imitate and manipulate conditions that organisms would encounter in the wild. Other experiments are conducted within natural ecosystems. Slide 14 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? Ecological Methods Modeling Ecologists make models to gain insight into complex phenomena. Many ecological models consist of mathematical formulas based on data collected through observation and experimentation. The predictions made by ecological models are often tested by further observations and experiments. Slide 15 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 What Is Ecology? 1. Define ecology. Target Check 1. The study of interactions between organisms and their environment. 2. What is the difference between a population and 2. A population consists of only community? one species. Communites have multiple species. 3. What is the difference between 3. An ecosystem includes nona community and living parts, a community an ecosystem? only included living organisms. 4. What three approaches do 4. Observation, experimentation, ecologist use? modeling Slide 16 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 17 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 The combined portions of the planet in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere, form the a. biosphere. b. community. c. species. d. ecosystem. Slide 18 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a(an) a. ecosystem. b. species. c. biome. d. community. Slide 19 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 Compared to a community, an ecosystem includes a. the nonliving, physical environment as well as the community. b. only the physical environment of an area without the organisms. c. the entire biome but not the biosphere. d. only one of the populations within the community. Slide 20 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 An ecological method that uses mathematical formulas based on data collected is a. observing. b. experimenting. c. modeling. d. hypothesizing. Slide 21 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-1 An ecologist marks out an area in a specific ecosystem and proceeds to identify the number of insect species in the area. This is an example of ecological a. experimentation. b. observation. c. modeling. d. inference. Slide 22 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION