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CHAPTER REVIEW Critical Thinking Critical Thinking 24. Predict A population of prairie dogs is experiencing high immigration and birthrates, but resources are beginning to deplete. What could eventually happen to this population? Give two possibilities. 25. Synthesize A species of beetle is in a period of exponential growth, but a competing species has started sharing the same space. Is the competing species an example of a density-dependent or a densityindependent limiting factor? Explain. 26. Evaluate Imagine that scientists introduced a disease into the rabbit population of Australia, and the rabbit population crashed. Was the crash caused by a densitydependent or density-independent limiting factor? Justify your answer. 27. Apply Each year, thousands of California market squid swim up from the ocean depths and lay millions of eggs along California shorelines. The squid then die, leaving their offspring to fend for themselves. Draw and label a graph that illustrates a likely survivorship curve of the California market squid. Analyzing a Diagram 28. The left side of the diagram depicts pioneer species because it shows mosses and lichens growing on bare rock. These species are pioneer species because they are the first species to grow in a previously uninhabited area. 29. Sample Answer: Any disturbance, such as a fire, hurricane, or volcano, that destroys or damages the ecosystem could make it revert to an earlier stage of succession. Human activity could also cause the ecosystem to regress. The combination graph below shows changes in the sizes of bee and mite populations in one area of the Midwest. The mites live as parasites on the bees. INSECT POPULATION SIZE AND TEMPERATURE (* (* IZbeZgVijgZ 7ZZh B^iZh (% (% '* '* '% '% &* &* &% &% * * % 6eg^a BVn ?jcZ ?jan Bdci] 6j\ HZei DXi % 30. Interpret A decrease in the number of bees occurs during which months? 31. Analyze Describe the trends in the bee and mite populations from April through October. Connecting CONCEPTS 33. Write Ad Copy Imagine that you are an advertising agent trying to encourage a new species to move into an environment. Design an advertisement using the concepts from the chapter. Keep in mind that a population will not want to move to a new area without abundant resources. Choose a target species and make sure that your advertisement answers the following questions: What resources and environmental factors would make this species want to move? What abiotic and biotic factors does it need? Include several vocabulary terms from the chapter. 1 2 3 4 28. Apply What part of the diagram depicts pioneer species? Explain your answer. 29. Infer What could happen in the ecosystem shown that could make it revert to an earlier stage of succession? 452 34. Apply The two zebras on page 427 are competing for the right to mate with females. Are they engaging in intraspecific or interspecific competition? Explain your answer. Unit 5: Ecology Analyzing Data b10hspe-0514cr.indd 452 30. A decrease in the number of bees occurs during August, September, and October. 31. The bee population slowly and steadily increases from early spring through midsummer. After this point, the bee population steadily declines through the fall. The mite population starts very low in the spring and then starts increasing significantly as the bee 452 Use the graph to answer the next three questions. 32. Hypothesize What might explain the relationship between the bee and mite population numbers? Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions. Analyzing a Diagram Analyzing Data 7ZZhVcYb^iZhi]djhVcYh 23. Apply A bee gathers nectar from a flower by using a strawlike appendage called a proboscis. While on the flower, grains of pollen attach to the bee’s back. When the bee travels to another flower, the pollen fertilizes the new plant. What type of symbiosis is this? 6kZgV\ZiZbeZgVijgZ8 23. mutualism 24. The prairie dogs could experience a population crash, or growth could slow down and level off to a level the environment can support. 25. This is a density-dependent factor because it is the high numbers of beetles that make the population more susceptible to competition. 26. The crash was caused by a densitydependent limiting factor because disease can spread more easily in a dense population. 27. Students should draw and label a type III survivorship curve in which the squid have a very high birth rate and a very high infant mortality rate. The y-axis should represent number of survivors, and the x-axis should represent the percentage of maximum life span. population begins to fall in mid-summer. It continues its increase inversely to the bee decline. 32. Sample Answer: As the bee population grows, so can the mite population. Then, as temperatures fall and bees begin to die, the mites continue to reproduce because there are still enough bees for them to live on, though their rate of population growth is slowed. 9/2/08 12:52:01 PM Unit 5: Ecology b10hste-0514.indd 452 9/10/08 12:11:03 PM b10hspe-0514cr 08 12:52:01 PM CHAPTER REVIEW For more test practice, go to ClassZone.com. Chapter 14: Interactions in Ecosystems Connecting Concepts 450-453_b10hspe-0514cr.indd 453 33. The ad copy should be directed at a target species and include resources and environmental factors that would make the species want to move, abiotic and biotic factors it needs, and several vocabulary terms from the chapter. 453 9/9/09 3:19:58 PM 34. The two zebras are engaging in intraspecific competition because the competition is between members of the same species. Chapter 14: Interactions in Ecosystems b10hste-0514.indd 453 453 9/11/09 11:57:18 PM