Download The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory - Field Trip

The National MagLab
Carlos R. Villa
K-12 Education Outreach Coordinator
Before we begin…
This presentation is available to download at:
https://nationalmaglab.org/education/
NHMFL Overview
→One of twelve high magnetic field labs in the
world
→ Only one in western hemisphere
→ Largest and highest powered in the world
NHMFL Overview
→User laboratory
→Over 1350 user visits (2013)
→NSF & State of Florida funded
→Research free to scientist
→Must share research
→Research in many fields (Not just magnets!!)
→Materials – Energy - Life
→Includes Materials Science, Physics, Engineering,
Chemistry, Biology, Biomedical, Geochemistry, Microscopy,
etc…
Center for Integrating Research
& Learning
→ Educational component of NHMFL’s grant
→ RET programs (more on that later…)
→ K-12 education outreach
→ 6,000 students visited this school year
→ Professional development
→ Workshops and conferences
→ CIRL on Facebook
Magnet Review
→ Gauss
→ Measurement of magnetic
field
→ Named for Carl Friedrich
Gauss
→ Tesla
→ Measurement of larger
magnetic fields
→ Named for Nikola Tesla
→ 10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla
Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla)
→Refrigerator magnet:
→Earth’s magnetic field:
→Person’s magnetic field:
→Junkyard magnet:
→MRI magnet:
.03 T
.000045 T
3 x10-13 T
1T
2-3 T
Some NHMFL Magnetic Fields
→ NHMFL ICR magnet:
9.4 T
→ Ionic Cyclotron Resonance
→ NHMFL 900 Mhz
21 T
→ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
→ NHMFL resistive magnet
→ NHMFL split cell
→ NHMFL hybrid magnet
20-35 T
25 T
45 T
→ Resistive and superconducting
→ NHMFL pulse magnet
→ Not continuous field
100.7 T
1269: Peregrinus
1. Magnetic fields can act at a distance
2. Magnets can only act on other magnetic
materials
3. Opposite poles attract and like poles repel
4. When suspended, north poles point North
and south poles point South.
1600: Gilbert
→Published De Magnete
→Earth is a magnet
→First critical research
on magnets
→Used lodestone
→Dispelled superstitions
and myths
1820: Oersted
• An electrical current can
create a magnetic field
• Oersted set up lecture
demonstration
– Used battery to supply
current
– Showed compass needle
deflecting near the wire
1820: Ampere
• Moving electrical
charges produce
magnetic fields
• Simple experiment
– Two straight wires
– Current passed through
– Wires bowed toward or
away
• Led to electromagnets
1824: Sturgeon
→First Electromagnet
→Iron
→Copper wire
→Electricity
1827: Henry
→Improved Electromagnet
→Iron
→Copper wire
→Insulated with silk
→Electricity
1831: Faraday
→A change in magnetic field produces an electric
current
→Induction
→Magnetic Flux: The change needed to induce
current
1835: Lenz’s Law
→An induced current in a
wire (by flux) will flow to
create a field that
opposes the flux
→Eddy currents created
→Used in magnetic braking
systems
→Rollercoasters
→Electric car braking
feedback
1900: Free Electron Theory
→Electrical conduction in a solid is caused by
the bulk motion of electrons
→Each metal atom contributes an electron that is
free to roam
→Voltage briefly accelerates the electrons
→Resistance is friction
→Each electron is everywhere
→Like a wave in a pool
1900: Superconductors
Resistance
Traditional Metal
Superconductor
Temperature
1957: BCS Theory
→ BCS: Bardeen, Cooper, Schreiffer
→At low temperatures, some metals lose resistance
→Atoms nearly stationary
→Superconductivity results from the formation of
Cooper pairs
→Results in frictionless
flow of electrons
Resistance
→Two electrons partnered
→One follows the other
Traditional Metal
Superconductor
Temperature
Magnetic Metals
→ Not all metals are magnetic
→ 3 are naturally magnetic at room
temperature
→ Iron
→ Nickel
→ Cobalt
→ 2 more are magnetic at lower
temperatures
→ Gadolinium (65 F and below)
→ Dysprosium (-301 F and below)
→ Many are magnetic in alloy
→ Rare-Earth
Magnetite & Lodestone
→ Magnetic mineral
→ Iron (II, III) Oxide
→ Fe3O4
→ Poor temporary magnet
→ Largest US deposit in NY
(Adirondacks)
→ Lodestone is magnetized piece of
magnetite
→ Lodestone led to first compass
Atomic Theory
→Atomos
→Indestructible
→The atom
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Magnetism
→Motion of charges particles (electrons) create magnetic
fields
→In some atoms, spins cancel out
→Pauli exclusion
→When all electrons spin the same direction:
→Magnetic field is produced
→Magnetic domains
→In magnets: lined up
Permanent Magnets
→ Electrons tend to line up in groups (Domains)
→ Domains reinforce other domains
→ Turn material magnetic
→Examples: Refrigerator Magnets, Bar Magnets, Magnetite, Horseshoe
Magnets, Hematite, etc…
→ Field can be lost
→ Curie Point
→ Electric Current
→Degaussing
→ Bang It
Permanent Magnet Activity
→Magnet Exploration
→Self discovery activity
→Group Effort
→Communicate your
discovery
→Share with the class
Permanent Magnet Activity
→ Money is magnetic
→ Coins are copper-nickel alloy (not
magnetic)
→ Pennies are copper-plated zinc (also
not magnetic)
→ Dollars are printed with iron-rich ink
(magnetic!)
→ Foreign Coins
→ Canadian, British, Brazilian, Mexican
(some)…
Permanent Magnet Activity
→The Hook:
→Blend a $1
→Use a NIB magnet
→Pull out the iron
Temporary Magnets
→Domains temporarily aligned
→Will keep magnetic field until tampered
→Examples:
→Paperclips, scissors, staples, thumb tacks, pins,
screwdrivers, refrigerator door, car doors, etc…
→Anything that is magnetic, but will not keep its
field
Temporary Magnet Activities
→ No rubbing necessary
→ Magnetism happens almost
instantly
→ They are magnets
→ North and South
→ Attract and Repel
→ Paper Clips remain magnetic
→ Until something tampers with
their field
→ Field could last years
Viewing Field Lines
→Field viewers
→Iron filings
→Use with paper
→Clean-up can be a mess
→Enclosed viewers
→Iron filing case
→Mess free!
Drawing Field Lines
→ Seeing fields
→ Bar magnet
→ As many compasses as
possible
Create A Compass
→ Magnetize an item
→ Allow it to float
→ Must turn freely
→Needle
→Petri dish
→Coffee stirrer
→Water
→Permanent magnet
Electricity and Magnetism
→The two are so closely related
→Where there is electricity, there is a magnetic field
→Where there is a magnetic field, electricity can be
created
Creating Magnetism From Electricity
→ Electricity is the flow of electrons
→ In direct current electrons flow in one direction
→ This alignment of electrons creates a magnetic field
around the conductor
→ Similar to electrons lining up in a permanent magnet
→ So every wire carrying electricity has a weak magnetic field
around it
→ Coiling the wire concentrates the magnetic field inside
the coil
Electromagnets
→ Materials
→ Copper wire
→ Iron rod
→ Battery
→ Extensions:
→ 2 batteries
→In line?
→ Aluminum, wooden rod
→Will they work?
Electromagnets Extensions:
→ Right hand rule
→ Direction of field
→ Poles (Winding direction)
→ Variables:
→ Neatness
→ Number of winds
→ Wire gauge
→ Battery strength
→ Temperature
Bitter Plates
Bitter Plates
Iron In Our Food
→Iron in cereal
→Total
→Baby food
→Need a strong magnet
→NIB
Ferrofluids
→ A special solution of magnetic particles in a colloidal
suspension whose flow can be controlled by magnets or
magnetic fields.
Cow Magnets
Literature
Stop Faking It
Bill Robertson
Driving Force
James D. Livingston
Literature
A Short History of Nearly Everything
Bill Bryson
The Nature of Science
James Trefil
Literature
The Cold Wars
Jean Matricon & Georges Waysand
Additional Resources
→https://nationalmaglab.org/education
→Magnet Academy
→https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/
→RET Program
→MagLab Educator’s Club
Before I Forget
→Business cards
→Please do not hesitate to contact us with
questions, ideas, suggestions, etc…
→RET applications:
→https://nationalmaglab.org/education/
Research Experience for Teachers 2016
→6 weeks in the summer
→$3600 stipend
→ June 13th – July 22nd
→ What do you have to do?
→ Complete online
application
→ Complete program surveys
and submit all research
data
→ Send in supporting
documents (letter of rec,
etc.)
Research Experience for Teachers 2016
→ What does RET entail?
→Research in areas such as
Superconductivity,
Electricity & Magnetism,
Design/Construct
Research Instruments,
run samples in Electron
Paramagnetic Resonance
(EPR) or Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance
(NMR) magnets.
RET Logistics and Arrangements
→ Housing
→ Stipend
→ Travel
→ Program is open to
Elementary, Middle,
and High School
teachers
→ Pre-service teacher
positions available
→ Focus of the program
→ Nature of Science
→ Inquiry
→ Communicating in science
→ Experimental Design
→ Topics for research
→ Superconductivity
→ Electron Scanning
Microscopy
→ Condensed Matter
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Jose Sanchez
Assistant in K-12
[email protected] • 850-644-0033
THANK YOU
Carlos R. Villa
K-12 Education Outreach Coordinator
[email protected] • 850-644-7191