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Name Date `Period SG Cell Structure and Function LESSON 1 Cells and Life 247 points total Directions: Explain why each statement below is incorrect according to the cell theory. (10 points) (50 points this side) Directions: Answer each question using a complete sentence 6. Cell theory is just a theory, so it is not scientific fact. 1. After each name, describe the role of each scientist in the development of the cell theory. On the line before each name, write the approximate year. (15 points) 7. A one-celled organism is not a living thing. ________Robert Hooke 8. The smallest living unit is the atom. ________Anton van Leeuvenhoek 9. Viruses are not cells, but they are alive. ________Matthais Schleiden 10. Plants do not come from cells; they come from seeds. ________Theodor Schwann Macromolecule Nucleic acids A. Contains genetic information B. long chains of amino acid molecules Lipids C. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. D. long chains of sugar molecules ________Rudolph Virchow 2. What are the three parts of the original cell theory? (6 points) 3. What role does water play in cell survival? (5 points) 4. Identify and describe the four types of macromolecules in cells by completing the table. (14 points) Role in Cell Description a. b. c. Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 1 Name LESSON 2 Date The Cell (26 points) Key Concept What do the structures in a cell do? Key Concept How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar, and how are they different? Directions: Complete the paragraphs by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct spaces. Terms may be used only once. bacteria cell parts membrane membrane-surrounded protists size `Period eukaryotic genetic organelles prokaryotes specialized Directions: Write the correct organelle or cell structure on the lines provided. Common to plant cells: 1. What is a stiff structure outside the cell membrane? 2. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? 3. Which organelles store food, water, and waste material? unicellular Common to plant and animal cells: 3. What is a flexible barrier that protects the inside of a cell? A defining feature of a prokaryotic cell is that the (1.) material is not surrounded by a(n) (2.) . Another characteristic of prokaryotic cells is that they do not have all the (3.) found in eukaryotic cells. Most 5. What is the fluid that fills the inside of the cell? prokaryotic cells are one-celled, or (4.) organisms and are called (5.) 4. What are short, hairlike structures that help move a cell? 7. What gives framework to a cell and helps it move? . Another word for prokaryotes is (6.) . Common to all eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, and protists): 8. Which organelle contains genetic information and controls the cell? Eukaryotic cells make up plants, animals, fungi, and (7.) These organisms are called (8.) . Almost all eukaryotic cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus. Another 9. In which organelle are proteins made? 10. What removes harmful substances for a cell? characteristic of eukaryotic cells is other (9.) components, called (10.) , which have (11.) functions. 11. Which organelle releases energy in a cell? Another difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is their 12. Which organelle prepares proteins for specific jobs? (12.) 13. Which organelle carries substances to other parts of a cell? than prokaryotic cells. . Eukaryotic cells are usually larger 14. Which vacuole-like structures break down and recycle cell parts Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 2 Name The Cell Date (20 points) Key Concept What do the structures in a cell do? Directions: Describe the structure and function of each organelle. Add as much information as possible for each structure. (11 points) Nucleus Mitochondrion `Period Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. NOTE: There is no empty square in the puzzle between the words of two-word terms. cell membrane cell wall cytoskeleton chloroplast envelope function nucleus cytoplasm organelle Rough endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplast Across 4. organelle that contains DNA 6. a flexible covering that surrounds a cell 7. fluid inside the cell that contains salts and other molecules 8. a membrane-surrounded component within a cell 9. the action for which something is used Down 1. stiff structure outside the cell membrane 2. an outer covering 3. a network of threadlike proteins within a cell 5. organelle that conducts photosynthesis Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 3 Name Date `Period Label each kind of cell Label the parts of the cells (25 points) Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 4 Name Date LESSON 3 Moving Cellular Material 30 points `Period Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided. Use complete sentences. (18 points) Key Concept How do materials enter and leave cells? (12 points) Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once. 1. the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration 2. transport proteins that carry large molecules, such as sugar molecules, through a cell membrane 3. the state a substance is in when the concentration of the substance is the same on both sides of a cell membrane 4. when a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane 5. the diffusion of water molecules only 6. when molecules pass through a cell 1. What is active transport? A. semipermeable B. passive transport C. diffusion D. equilibrium 2. What is endocytosis? E. osmosis F. facilitated diffusion G. transport proteins 3. What is exocytosis? H. carrier proteins I. channel proteins J. active transport K. endocytosis 4. How does a cell use endocytosis to form a vesicle? L. exocytosis membrane using special proteins 7. transport proteins that form pores through a cell membrane 8. the movement of substances through a cell membrane by 5. How does a cell use exocytosis to release the contents of a vesicle outside the cell? using the cell’s energy 9. proteins that assist with the transport of molecules through a cell membrane 10. when a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell 6. What role does cellular energy play in active transport? 11. what a cell membrane is because it allows only certain substances to enter or leave a cell 12. the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 5 Name LESSON 4 Date Cells and Energy (14 points) Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement. `Period 26 points Cells and Life Key Concept What basic substances make up a cell? (12 points) Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. 1. What is cellular respiration? carbohydrates cellulose cholesterol DNA energy lipids macromolecules nucleic acids nucleotides proteins RNA water 2. In which two parts of the cell does cellular respiration occur? 3. How is fermentation similar to cellular respiration? 4. How is fermentation different from cellular respiration? 5. What is photosynthesis? 6. Identify the following chemical reactions: a. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 b. C6H12O6 → ATP (energy) + lactic acid c. C6H12O6 → 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy) d. C6H12O6 → ATP (energy) + CO2 + alcohol Across 4. large molecules that form when Smaller molecules join provides support in plant cell walls form cell membranes used to make proteins main ingredient in any cell join to form nucleic acids one type of lipid 5. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12. Down 1. long chains of sugar molecules 2. long chains of amino acid molecules 3. contain genetic material 7. includes instructions that enable cells to grow 9. released through chemical reactions Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 6 Name Date Modeling Cells `Period (25 points) Describe how a model is used in science. The figure shows a city that is a model for a cell. Study the figure and use it to fill in the table and answer the question. # Function Analogous cell part(s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Does “Cell City” represent a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain your answer. Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. Page 7 Name Cell Structure and Function Date (45 points) Directions: Write the correct answer to each question. (10 points) `Period 13. Judge whether scientists would have been able to develop cell theory without a microscope. (5 points) 1. Which is the function of a lipid molecule? 14. Analyze the way the products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis 2. What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane? 3. Which substance moves by osmosis? 4. Which item is a stiff structure found outside the cell membrane of some cells? are related. (5 points) 15. State why a plant deprived of light would die, despite having water and fertile soil. (5 points) Completion Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. 5. Food, water, and waste materials are stored in a cell’s ________. 6. A cell’s activities are directed by the ____________. 7. The is semipermeable, which means that only some substances can cross it. 8. Directions: Use complete sentences to respond to each statement. 16. Hypothesize whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first. Use details about the structure of each cell type to support your hypothesis. (5 points) ________ is the movement of substances into cells by surrounding them with the cell membrane. 9. Cellular energy is needed to carry out transport. 10. Concept Application ______________ is the movement of substances using 17. The surface area of a cell’s membrane restricts how large the cell can grow. Propose one way that a cell membrane could be modified to allow a cell to grow larger than it normally would. Explain how this modification would facilitate the transport of greater amounts of substances across the cell membrane. (5 points) transport proteins. 11. Compose a sentence explaining the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis (5 points) 12. Relate the way animals get the energy that plants store during photosynthesis. (5 points) Core Curriculum: STANDARD III: Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. 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