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Fungus among Us
Fungi Kingdom
• Eukaryotes.
• Use spores to reproduce.
• Heterotrophs that feed on others but
not in a similar way
• Need warm, moist places to grow.
• Examples: yeast, molds and
mushrooms.
Fungi -Obtaining food
• use a structure called hyphae to get their food.
• Hyphae: threadlike tubes (many hyphaemycelium)
• Shape of fungi depends on how hyphae are used.
• Except for yeast which are unicellular
• They are either:
– Saprobes – feed on material from previously
living things (shoes, dead trees, dead animals
etc.) or
– Parasites – which eat or derive their energy
from living things
Mycelium: Large, Visible Mass of Hyphae
The fungus grows
hyphae into food then
hyphae secrete
digestive chemicals
into food. After food
is broken down,
hyphae absorb it
acting as a
decomposer as it gets
its nutrients.
Reproduction in Fungi
• when plenty of moisture, fungi reproduce
asexually by releasing spores.
• produce thousands of spores with a
protective covering:
• carried by water and air.
• spores land in a warm, moist place where
they can grow.
Reproduction in Fungi, cont.
When conditions are not good, they reproduce
sexually, making new spores that are different
from both parents.
Hyphae fuse to make a nuclei
• Since yeast is unicellular, they
reproduce by budding. A well fed cell
grows from the body of the mother cell
and breaks off from the mother.
Four classifications of Fungi
• Threadlike - produce spores in their
threadlike hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
• Sac - produce spores in structures
that look like sacs (ex. Yeast)
Club - produce
spores in
structures that
look like clubs
(ex. Mushrooms)
Imperfect - those
that cannot
reproduce
sexually (ex.
Penicillin)
Harmful Fungus
• Cause food spoilage
• Cause plant disease such as rusts, Dutch Elm
Disease, and mildew
• Cause human diseases such as Ring Worm,
Athlete’s Foot, Thrush, lung infections, and
yeast infections
• Destroy leather, fabrics, plastics, books, etc.
Helpful Fungi
•
•
•
•
•
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Food – mushrooms
Used to make cheese – Blue Cheese
Used to make wine, beer, and whiskey (Yeast)
Used to make bread rise
Used to make soy sauce from soy beans
Used to break down materials and recycle wastes
and dead organisms
• Used to make certain drugs (ex. Penicillin)
Examples of Fungi
Food Spoilage
Dutch Elm Disease
Yeast Infections
Ringworm
Fungus Destroying Leather
Cutaneous Mycosis
Ringworm skin infection: Tinea corporis
Source: Microbiology Perspectives, 1999
Thrush
Moldy fruit
Mushrooms
Blue Cheese
Soy Sauce
Decaying Tree
Penicillin