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Plate Tectonics Study Guide ● Layers of Earth’s Interior Compositional Layers Physical Layers Crust - outermost layer, made of oceanic crust (thin, very dense) & continental crust (thick, less dense) Lithosphere - crust & uppermost part of the upper mantle Mantle - thickest layer, liquid magma, convection currents flow Upper Mantle - rigid Core - made of nickel & iron Outer Core - thick, liquid, magma Asthenosphere - lower part of the upper mantle, flowing/squishy properties Lower Mantle - semi rigid Inner Core - solid nickel & iron ● Continental Drift/Seafloor Spreading ○ Scientists used clue to prove that Pangea once existed (all continents as one land mass) ■ Clues: shapes of continents, plant/animal fossils on different continents, similar landforms such as deserts, rock types ○ Continental drift is the result of the seafloor spreading at divergent boundaries ● Theory of Plate Tectonics ○ Pieces of the crust move around on the soft mantle ○ The rigid plates of the lithosphere move around on the asthenosphere. ● 3 Types of Plate Boundaries ○ Divergent Boundary ■ Plates pulled apart by tension forces ■ Effects: underwater mountain ridges, earthquakes, seafloor spreading ○ Convergent Boundary ■ Plates are pushed together by compression forces ■ Effects: subduction zone, volcanoes, mountains, trenches, earthquakes ○ Transform Boundary - *San Andreas Fault ■ Shear forces cause plates to grind/slide past each other ■ Effects: shallow earthquakes ○ Earthquakes, along with volcanoes, mountains, ridges, and trenches occur at the boundary between two plates. Plate Tectonics Study Guide ● Convection Currents within the Earth’s Interior ○ Convection is the flow of heat through the flow of a material. The material inside the Earth is magma ○ Less dense, hot magma is forced upward toward the crust at divergent boundaries ○ Colder, more dense crust is pulled down into the crust at convergent boundaries, at subduction zones ● Clip art that you should be able to understand and answer questions about: Plate Tectonics Study Guide Plate Tectonics Study Guide Answers: #24 (1) #25 (2) Plate Tectonics Study Guide Answer (1)