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Transcript
Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) Identification Identification • Large butterfly (wingspan of 3.54.0 in.) • Length: 13 cm, wingspan 23 cm. • Breeding males are bright yellow, with black wings, white wing-bar, black forehead. • Adults have orange and black wings • Females and nonbreeding males are duller with yellow-brown plumage, dark wings and light wing-bars. • Adults can be confused with viceroy butterflies, which have a black stripe across their lower wings. Monarchs do not have that stripe. Habitat Brushy thickets, weedy grasslands, and nearby trees. • Monarch caterpillars are distinctive, with yellow, black, and white stripes. Habitat Breeding male Interesting Fact Viceroy butterfly Found anywhere milkweed grows, including meadows and disturbed habitats like roadsides and agricultural fields. Interesting Fact The caterpillars feed on milkweed and store plant compounds that make them poisonous to predators. Brown-headed cowbirds sometimes lay eggs in American goldfinch nests. However, the cowbird young rarely survive, probably because goldfinches feed mostly seeds to their nestlings, and this diet is inadequate for cowbird development. Nonbreeding male Phenophases – Do you see…? Adult bird? Adult(s) in flight or at rest. Phenophases – Do you see…? Active adults? Adult(s) in flight or at rest. Courtship? A male approaching a female, even if it is rejected or otherwise fails to copulate. Copulation? A male and female coupled via copulatory organs. Can be at rest or in flight. Caterpillars? Caterpillars (larvae), usually found on milkweeds. Occupied nest? Adult(s) entering, sitting on, or leaving nest. Breeding female Nestlings being fed? Adult(s) carrying food to nest. Eating fruits or seeds? Individual(s) eating fruit or seeds from a cone, plant, or the ground. Male in breeding plumage? Adult male(s) in full summer plumage Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Staghorn Sumac (Rhus hirta) Identification Identification • 40-70 ft. high, 1-1.5 ft. diameter, and leaves 1.25-3 in. long. • 30 ft. high, 8 in. diameter, leaves 1-2 ft. long, and leaflets 2-4 in. long. • Leaves roundish, abruptly short-pointed, • Leaves pinnately compound. Leaflets lance- rounded at base, finely saw-toothed, and turn golden-yellow in autumn. • Bark whitish, smooth, and thin, becoming gray, furrowed, and thick on large trunks. • Flowers occur as drooping catkins 1-2 in. long. Fruits similarly occur in drooping clusters. Habitat Many soil types, especially sandy and gravelly slopes. Interesting Fact Quaking aspen is the most widely distributed tree in North America. shaped, saw-toothed, nearly stalkess, and turn bright red with purple and orange in autumn. • Bark dark brown, smooth to scaly. Twigs covered with velvety, brown hairs. • Flowers have greenish petals and occur in upright clusters up to 8 in. long. Fruits rounded, 1-seeded, dark red, covered with long, dark red hairs, and also occur in upright clusters. Habitat Open uplands, edges of forests, roadsides, and old fields. Interesting Fact Native Americans made a lemonade-like drink from the crushed fruit. Phenophases – Do you see…?____________________________ ______________________________________________________ Unfolded leaves? A leaf is “unfolded” when the leaf stalk or leaf base is visible. All leaves fallen? For the whole plant, virtually all (95-100%) of the leaves have fallen. ≥ 50% leaves colored? For the whole plant, at least half of the leaves (including any that have fallen to the ground) have changed to their late-season colors. Open flowers? The reproductive parts of at least one flower are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include spent (wilted) flowers that remain on the plant. All leaves colored? For the whole plant, virtually all (95-100%) of the leaves (including any that have fallen to the ground) have changed to their late-season colors. Full flowering? For the whole plant at least half of the flowers are open and still fresh. ≥ 50% leaves fallen? For the whole plant, at least half of the leaves have fallen. Unripe fruits? An unripe fruit is visible. Ripe fruits? A ripe fruit is visible. Common Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Rough-stemmed Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) Identification Identification • 16-25 ft. high, 6-12 in. diameter, leaves 5-9 in. long, and leaflets 1.5-4 in. long. • 1-6 ft. high, leaves 1.5-5 in. long. • Leaves opposite, pinnately compound. Leaflets elliptical, sharply saw-toothed, and stalkless or nearly so. • Bark light gray or brown with raised dots. • Flowers 0.25 in. wide, fragrant, white with 4 or 5 lobes, in upright, flat-topped clusters. Fruits black or dark blue berries, juicy with 3-5 nutlets. Habitat • Leaves rough, sharply toothed, very hairy, and wrinkled. • Stem rough, hairy with divergent or arching branches that bear flowers on the upper side. • Flower heads are small (0.17 in. long) and yellow with about 6-11 ray flowers and 4-7 disk flowers. Habitat Fields, roadsides, and borders of woods. Wet soils, especially in open areas near water at forest edges. Interesting Fact Most plant parts, including the berries, are poisonous when raw, but are often used for making jelly, preserves, pies, and wine. Interesting Fact Physicians in ancient times believed that goldenrod had healing powers. Phenophases – Do you see…?____________________________ ______________________________________________________ Unfolded leaves? A leaf is “unfolded” when the leaf stalk or leaf base is visible. All leaves withered? Virtually all (95-100%) of the leaves are dried and dead. ≥ 50% leaves colored? For the whole plant, at least half of the leaves (including any that have fallen to the ground) have changed to their late-season colors. Open flowers? The reproductive parts of at least one flower are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include spent (wilted) flowers that remain on the plant. All leaves colored? For the whole plant, virtually all (95-100%) of the leaves (including any that have fallen to the ground) have changed to their late-season colors. Full flowering? For the whole plant at least half of the flowers are open and still fresh. ≥ 50% leaves fallen? For the whole plant, at least half of the leaves have fallen. All leaves fallen? For the whole plant, virtually all (95-100%) of the leaves have fallen. Unripe fruits? An unripe fruit is visible. Ripe fruits? A ripe fruit is visible.