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Chapter 21
World War I
Section 1 Objectives
• Identify the major causes of unrest in Europe
• Discuss the results of the strategy that was
used during the early fighting in the war
• Explain why the war settled into a stalemate
Objective 1: Identify the major causes of
unrest in Europe
• Nationalism-loyalty to the nation, or one’s
country
• Territorial Rivalries-rightful territory
• Militarism-glorification of military strength
• Alliances-long-term agreements among
nations
Objective 2:
Discuss the results of the strategy that was used during
the early fighting in the war
Early WWI
Strategy and Response
Allied Power Nations
Great Britain, France,
Russia, Serbia
Allied Response
Sent troops to Belgium and
fought the Battle of the Marne;
began a war of attrition
Central Power Nations
Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman
Empire, Bulgaria
Early Strategy
Strike France through neutral
Belgium, cut-off Britain, then
attack Russia
Objective 3: Explain why the war settled into a
stalemate
Terms: trench warfare, cavalry charges, artillery barrages,
decisive battles
• Stalemate: trench warfare, artillery barrages, dug trenches
for defense purposes, artillery barrages kept them in the
trenches.
• Prevented Stalemate: cavalry charges, decisive battles,
decisive battles have a winner, cavalry charges were more
offensive, that would have prevented a stalemate
• Your assignment: page 632 number 1-5
due Monday, 1/9/12
Section 2 Objectives
• Relate the challenges the United States faced
while trying remain neutral.
• Identify the events that led to U.S. entry into
the war.
• Explain how the United States prepared its
military for World War I.
• Describe the types of experiences Americans
had while serving in Europe.
Objective 1: Relate the challenges the United
States faced while trying remain neutral.
• Sympathy/Opinions-Allied Powers: Americans shared a
common language and culture; common problem because of
the Germans
Central Powers: some Americans were of those descents; IrishAmericans wanted Ireland to gain independence
• Propaganda campaigns-British campaign painted the
Germans as killers, increased American support for the Allies
• Blockades-British laid mines in the North Sea; stopped U.S.
ships and searched cargo
• Submarine Attacks-Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex was
torpedoed by German U-Boat killing Americans on board
Objective 2: Identify the events that
led to U.S. entry into the war.
U. S. Entry into WWI
March 1916
February 1917
March 1917
April 1917
Event:
Sussex
attacked
Event:
Germans
resume u-boat
warfare
Event:
Zimmerman
note
Event:
Declaration of
war
Significance:
Americans on
board
Wilson
threatens to
cut diplomatic
ties
German issue
Sussex pledge
Significance:
Wilson cut
diplomatic
ties
Orders
arming of
American
ships
Significance:
Proved
Germans
were hostile
Significance:
US joined the
allies
Objective 3: Explain how the United States
prepared its military for World War I.
• Legislation- Selective Service Act; males of
certain age must register with draft board
• Recruiting- draft, volunteers; recruited African
Americans and American Indians
• Training- quickly constructed training
locations; accelerated training for troops
Objective 4: Describe the types of experiences
Americans had while serving in Europe.
• Soldier: under the command of John J.
Pershing, greeted with cheers as they
marched to the tomb of Lafayette, had a sense
of purpose
• Nurse: long hours, always busy, traumatized
by experience, volunteers for the Red Cross,
YMCA, and other agencies
Section 3 Objectives
• Describe how the U.S. government prepared
the nation for war.
• Discuss how organized labor and volunteers
contributed to the war effort.
• Explain why African Americans moved to the
North.
• Relate how the government created support
for, and limited opposition to, the war.
Objective 1: Describe how the U.S. government
prepared the nation for war.
• Government established programs to finance
the war
• Conserved scarce resources
• Redirected industry and labor toward wartime
production
• Launched propaganda campaign
Objective 2: Discuss how organized labor and
volunteers contributed to the war effort.
THE WAR EFFORT
Organized LaborContributions and Effects:
-Filled posts to replace
workers who left to fight
-Went on strike to demand
higher wages and benefits
-Improved working
conditions during the war
Volunteers-Contributions and
Effects:
-Conserved energy and
recycled essential materials
-Grew vegetables in victory
gardens
-Purchased liberty bonds
-Founded support
organizations
Objective 3: Explain why African
Americans move to the North.
•
•
•
•
Job opportunities/higher wages
Escape discrimination in the South
Hopes for a better standard of living
Recruitment efforts encouraged African
Americans to move North
Objective 4: Relate how the government created
support for, and limited opposition to, the war.
• Support: Committee on Public Informationissued propaganda
• Opposition: Espionage Act and Sedition Actsuppressed dissent on war issues
Section 4 Objectives
• List the final events of World War I.
• Identify the goals of President Wilson’s
Fourteen Points.
• Summarize the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles.
• Explain why the U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.
• Discuss the global impact of World War I.
Objective 1: List the final events of
World War I.
• Battles/Locations: Battle of Argonne Forest, SaintMihiel, Chateau-Thierry, Paris
• Troop/Civilian Morale: German civilians rioted
because of food shortages; troops gave up and/or
mutinied
• Revolutions: Russian Revolution; Lenin and the
Bolsheviks overthrew the czar
•
See American History Outline Map
Objective 2: Identify the goals (6) of
President Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Establish the League of Nations
Self-determination
Secret diplomacy
Arms race
Trade barriers
Territorial disputes
Objective 3: Summarize the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles.
Objective 4: Explain why the U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.
Terms of the Treaty
Senate’s Objections
-Established mandate
system
-Divided Germany’s
colonies and the Ottoman
Empire among Allied
nations
-Created new nations
-Irreconcilables
completely rejected the
League of Nations
-Reservationists objected
to Article 10 of the League
covenant, believed it
would force the U.S. into
war
The Treaty of
Versailles
Objective 5: Discuss the global impact
of World War I.
• Human toll-8.5 million died, 21 million wounded
• Economic toll-German economy tanked, inflation;
Agriculture and Industry production low in
Europe
• Chaos in Germany-riots among civilians,
revolutions, kaiser was replaced
• Territorial disputes-countries fighting over what
territories they should have gotten from the
treaty