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Download Writing 101 assignment 9/19/09 Jason Grossman Anxiety disorders
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Writing 101 assignment 9/19/09 Jason Grossman Anxiety disorders are characterized by unrealistic, irrational fears. The 5 major anxiety disorders are: general anxiety disorder (GAD) a pattern of frequent, constant worry and anxiety over many different activities and events. GAD symptoms are not attached to any specific threat, and symptoms can include, but are not limited to chronic fatigue, irritability, and uneasiness. Panic Disorder is a disorder in which inappropriate, intense apprehension and physical symptoms of fear that occur frequently to produce significant impairment. Examples of panic disorder include recurrent episodes of sudden dizziness and sensation of choking, with no apparent cause. Phobias are persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a compelling desire to avoid it. Phobias are broken down into three subcategories consisting agoraphobia, specific phobia and social phobia. Agoraphobia can be seen as a fear of going to a fairgrounds or remote beach. Specific phobia can consist of a fear of bugs or heights. Social phobia can be the fear of public speaking. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). OCD can be an uncontrollable need to check lights, or locks often before going to bed. Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal, in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. PTSD can be seen in individuals who have been exposed to war time events during fireworks, triggering the overwhelming memories. These five disorders were recognized by a group of doctors who helped research and write The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that took place after 1980 brought major changes in the classification of the anxiety disorders. Prior to 1980, psychiatrists classified patients on the basis of a theory of causality that defined anxiety as the outcome of unconscious conflicts in the patient's mind. DSM-III (1980), DSM-III-R (1987), and DSM-IV (1994) introduced and refined a new classification that took into consideration recent discoveries about the biochemical and post-traumatic origins of some types of anxiety. The present definitions are based on the external and reported symptom patterns of the disorders rather than on theories about their origins. Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental disturbance in the United States population. It is estimated that 28 million persons suffer from an anxiety disorder every year. These disorders are a serious problem for the entire society because of their interference with patients' work, schooling, and family life. They also contribute to the high rates of alcohol and substance abuse in the United States. Anxiety disorders are an additional problem for health professionals because the physical symptoms of anxiety frequently bring people to primary care doctors or emergency rooms. All DSM-IV anxiety disorder diagnoses include a measure of severity, as the anxiety must be severe enough to interfere significantly with a patient’s occupational or educational functioning, or social activities where close relationships and other customary activities are disturbed. Anxiety disorders vary widely in their frequency of occurrence in the general population, age of onset, family patterns, and gender distribution. The stress disorders and anxiety disorders caused by medical conditions or substance abuse are less age-and genderspecific.OCD affects males and females equally, GAD, panic disorder, and specific phobias all affect women more frequently than men. GAD and panic disorders are more likely to develop among young adults, all phobias and OCD can begin in childhood. Treatment techniques for anxiety disorders vary from patient to patient. The length of treatment and the process to establish a successful treatment plan differs among patients. Patients may respond to treatment after a few months, while others may need over a year of treatment. Different treatments are sometimes complicated by the fact that people; often have more than one anxiety disorder, examples can be seen in individuals suffering from depression while dealing with substance abuse. This is why treatment must be tailored to the individual. Several treatment plans may be attempted before the desired results are achieved. In order to sustain the optimum goals in any treatment plan, supporting the patient’s neurological balance will require additional strategic positioning. Although treatment is individualized, several standard approaches have proven effective. Therapists can use one or a combination of therapies. Many therapists use a combination of cognitive and behavior therapies, often referred to as CBT. In this type of therapy, which is a short-term form of psychotherapy, the patient is actively involved in his or her own recovery. This empowers the patient, with presenting patients an opportunity sense of control, while learning skills that are useful throughout life. CBT focuses on identifying, understanding, and modifying thinking and behavior patterns. When a person changes thinking and behavior, emotional changes usually follow. Because CBT teaches skills for handling anxiety, patients who learn and practice the skills can use them when needed. These exercises are similar to those of working out in the gym; it is a slow process and needs to be regularly used to ensure continued results and success. Occasionally the use of a trainer or psychologist can help ensure patients remain on track. a. Main research questions about the topic b. Primary publications, especially journals, magazines, and/or books c. Relevant professional association(s) d. Major national and international conferences e. Key resources about the topic, especially funding agencies, databases, and/or forums http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.2201 author Reger, Mark A; Gahm, Gregory A; Swanson, Robert D; Duma, Susan JISSN 0160-6689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181b08bdf Reliving and disorganization in posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder memories http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.05.003 Brave men and timid women?: a review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety McLean, Carmen P; Anderson, Emily R Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 496-505, August 2009 ... report greater fear and are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than men. Women's greater vulnerability for anxiety disorders can be partly understood by examining gender differences in the etiological factors known to ...