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Transcript
Unit 13 notes: Endocrine System Name: ____________________________ The endocrine system regulates many of the body’s activities by producing & secreting hormones that affect the body’s functions Hormone: A chemical messenger produced by glands The Glands & Their Hormones Hypothalamus: Located in mid-brain • Releases multiple hormones that control the pituitary gland. Pituitary: Located mid-brain • Thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates the thyroid • Adrenocorticotropic: stimulates the adrenal glands • Follicle stimulating & Luteinizing: stimulate other endocrine glands to produce & secrete their hormones • Growth hormone: Stimulates growth • Melanocyte stimulating hormone: Stimulates pigment production • Antidiuretic hormone: Stimulates kidney to absorb H2O • Prolactin: Stimulates milk production • Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during child birth Pineal: Located in the mid-brain – Melatonin: Regulates sleep patterns – Seratonin: Controls feelings of well-being Thyroid: Located in the neck – Thyroxine: regulates the metabolic rate of cells – Calcitonin: ↓ blood calcium levels Parathyroid: Located in the neck – Parathyroid hormone: ↑ blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bone. • Goiter: An enlarged thyroid Adrenal cortex: Located on the kidneys • Aldosterone & corticosteroids: Affects H2O & NaCl (salt) balance and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats & proteins Adrenal medulla: Located on the kidneys • Adrenaline & noradrenaline: Prepares the body for “fight or flight” by ↑ heart rate, blood pressure, respiration etc. Unit 13 notes: Endocrine System Name: ____________________________ Ovaries: Females; located in the pelvic area • Estrogen: Develops eggs & female physical characteristics • Progesterone: Prepares uterus for a developing embryo Testis: Males; located outside the body at the front of the lower pelvis • Testosterone: Sperm production and development of male physical characteristics Pancreas: Located in the mid-abdomen • Insulin: ↓ blood glucose • Glucagon: ↑ blood glucose