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Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Date B A 10/15-10/16 10/19-10/20 10/21-10-22 10/23-10/26 Topic discussed in class: Biological Bases: Neurons, Neurotransmitters Biological Bases: Nervous System/Endocrine System Biological Bases: Brain 10/27-10/28 Biological Bases: Brain Vocab. Quiz Biological Bases: Genetics 10/29-10/30 11/2-11-3 FRQ & Review Exam 3: Biopsychology & FRQ Grading Readings (completed by class date) 51-58 Homework (completed by class date) 3A 59-63 3B 66-79 3C 80-91 3D 94-110 TBD Reading Guide Due Biological Bases of Behavior (8–10%) An effective introduction to the relationship between physiological processes and behavior — including the influence of neural function, the nervous system and the brain, and genetic contributions to behavior — is an important element in the AP course. AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: • Identify basic processes and systems in the biological bases of behavior, including parts of the neuron and the process of transmission of a signal between neurons. • Discuss the influence of drugs on neurotransmitters (e.g., reuptake mechanisms, agonists, antagonists). • Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior • Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions: — Central and peripheral nervous systems; — Major brain regions, lobes, and cortical areas; — Brain lateralization and hemispheric specialization. • Discuss the role of neuroplasticity in traumatic brain injury. • Recount historic and contemporary research strategies and technologies that support research (e.g., case studies, split-brain research, imaging techniques). • Discuss psychology’s abiding interest in how heredity, environment, and evolution work together to shape behavior. • Predict how traits and behavior can be selected for their adaptive value. • Identify key contributors (e.g., Paul Broca, Charles Darwin, Michael Gazzaniga, Roger Sperry, Carl Wernicke). Neurotransmitters, Neurons Neuron Dendrite Soma Axon Myelin sheath Axon terminal Terminal buttons Action potential Threshold Terminal branches Refractory period Resting potential* Receptor sites glial cells All-or-none principle* Synapse Neurotransmitter Reuptake Excitatory effect * vs. Inhibitory effect * (signals) Acetylcholine [ah-seat-el-KO-leen] Antagonist * Agonist Neurotransmitters, Neurons (continued) Dopamine [DO-pa-mean] Serotonin [sare-oh-TON-in] Endorphins Sensory neurons (afferent) Motor neurons (efferent) Brain (day 1) lesion electroencephalogram (EEG) CT scan PET MRI fMRI brainstem Medulla Reticular formation Pons Thalamus Cerebellum limbic system amygdala Hypothalamus Hippocampus Genetics Chromosomes DNA Genes Genome Genotype Monozygotic twins (identical) Dizygotic twins (fraternal) Heritability Natural Selection Mutation Brain (day 2 cont) cerebral cortex glial cells Hemispheres Left hemisphere Right hemisphere Brain lateralization frontal lobes parietal lobes occipital lobes temporal lobes (somato)sensory cortex motor cortex Auditory Cortex association areas Broca’s Area Wernicke’s area aphasia Brain Plasticity Corpus callosum Split brain research Nervous System/Endocrine System receptor cells sensory nerves motor nerves interneurons central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system reflex endocrine system hormones pituitary gland People to Know: Roger Sperry Michael Gazzaniga Paul Broca Carl Wernicke Phineas Gage Franz Gall