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Global Studies Dr. Matthews Section 1 Animism Hunter-Gather Society Paleontology Griot Epistemology Freud’s Theory of civilization Retributive Justice Civilization Mitochondrial Eve Theory of Sympathetic Magic Section 2 Code of Hammurabi Castes (Varna) Ren Samsara Mandate of Heaven Legalism Silk Roads Delian League Solon Pericles Section 3 Socratic wisdom Aristotelian Mean Civic Virtue FINAL EXAM 2014 STUDY SHEET Definitions Hippocratic Oath Plebian Natural Law Shari’a Pharisee Caliphate Shi’ites Natural Law Feudalism Spring Semester Section 4 Pope Paul III’s Decree on Indigenous Peoples Middle Passage Humanism Machiavellian politics Protestant Reformation Calvinism Protestant Ethic Luther’s view of humanity Indulgences Section 5 Natural rights Absolutism Hundred Years War Social Contract General Will Enlightenment Factionalism French Terror Mechanization Laissez-faire Communism Final 6 weeks Industrial Revolution Invisible Hand Laissez-Faire Capitalism Social Darwinism Boxer Rebellion Balfour Declaration Satyagraha Long March Fascist Party Mandate System Afrikaners Suez Canal NATO Marshall Plan Cold War Ataturk Chronology Section 1 Written language Holocene Plows Homo Habilis Law First Cave Paintings Section 2 Shang Dynasty Akkadian Dynasty Peloponnesian War Egyptian Middle Kingdom Indus Valley Civilization Hammurabi’s Code Life of Confucius Section 3 Paul spreads Christianity in eastern Mediterranean Establishment of the Roman Empire Umayyad Caliphate rules from Damascus Socrates Fall Final Last Roman Emperor Constantine moves capital of 1 Roman Empire to Constantinople Life of Muhammad Crowning of Charlemagne Spring - Section 4 First Stock Market Gutenberg’s Printing Press England outlaws International Slave Trade Unification of Spain Martin Luther Magna Carta Berlin Conference Section 5 Communism Enlightenment Hundred Years War Steam Engine Perfected French Terror Congress of Vienna Final 6 weeks Cuban Missile Crisis Balfour Declaration D-Day Pearl Harbor VE Day Korean War Independence of India and Pakistan Founding People’s Republic of China Treaty of Versailles Fall of Berlin Wall Networks and Relations: Questions and Ideas Early Modern Period What events prepare Europe for the Early Modern Period? What are the changes and continuities from 1450 to 1750? How did the world change from an Asian-centered economy to a global world economy? How did Islamic Empires approach state building? How does distance affect empire building? o State-building in the Americas How do forced labor systems reflect the time and society in which they take place? How did intellectual developments in China and Europe shape their future courses? o Example: Neo-Confucianism & Enlightenment Ideas of the “Other” The Black Plague Renaissance Capitalism & Exploration Reform in Religion The Rise of the State in Europe o Divine Rights vs. Bill of Rights 7. Enlightenment 8. The Use of Labor – Slavery 9. Age of Absolutism 10. State Building in Europe, Asia and Africa o China, Japan, Ottoman, Mughal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Modern Period What events prepare Europe for the Modern Period? What are the changes and continuities from 1750 - 1945? How did revolutions in the Old and New World compare with one another? o Examples: Haitian, French and American Revolution How did industrialization reshape economic and social life? o Example: Pollution, gender roles, reforms What were the political, economic and social consequences of colonialism and imperialism in Africa and Asia? How did Middle Eastern thought and culture respond to the challenge of Western Imperialism? How did East Asian countries respond to attempts at modernization? o China & Japan (Opium War; Meiji Reforms) 2 How did nationalism and socialism differ from each other? o Examples: Marx vs. Bismarck What were the global consequences of World War I & II? o Examples: Totalitarianism/ Fascism/ Holocaust/Cold War How and why did communism grow in China and Russia? 1. Age of Revolutions 2. Industrial Revolution: two, coal & oil, machine & chemical 3. Imperialism o Imperialism in Africa and India Scramble for Africa/ Berlin Conference/ Colonial India 4. Nationalism 5. Modern European Ideologies o Examples: Liberalism, Nationalism, Socialism, etc. 6. Reactions to Reform in the Middle East and East Asia o Ottoman Empire, China & Japan 7. Decolonization & National Liberation: o Movements in China, India, etc. (violent vs. non-violent path) Sample Essay Questions 1. One of the recurring themes in a great deal of modern European and American thought is the notion that there are fundamental differences between the culture and the politics of the East and the West, the Orient and Occident. It is often argued that Western culture, religion, and politics, is more open, more civilized, and more democratic than its Eastern counterparts. Take a position on whether there are fundamental differences between Eastern and Western cultures, religions and politics. Support your position with specific examples and illustrations from the ancient Eastern societies – Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Nubian, Indian, Chinese and Greek – we have studied. 2. Until the middle of the twentieth century, the narratives of most world history have placed Europe squarely at its center, attributing the best of world culture and government to the classical Greek and Roman civilizations. To what extent is such a narrative justified and to what extent does it misstate the contributions of civilizations from every part of the world to modern culture and government? Use examples from the civilizations we have studied to support your position. 3. The idea of a “just war” – that there were conditions that must be met for the use of violence and war to be moral and just – first emerged in post-classical Christian and Islamic thought. 1. What were the specific conditions Augustine laid down for the use of violence and war to be moral and just within the Christian tradition? 2. What were the specific conditions that emerged from the Islamic tradition for the use of violence and war to be moral and just? 3. In your view, are the conditions developed in these traditions complete and adequate for the consideration of the morality and justice of war? You may argue that these conditions are complete and adequate as they stand, that there needs to be additional conditions, and/or that some conditions in the Christian and Islamic tradition are inappropriate standards 4. Modern racism in Europe and the Americas took shape, in significant part, through the emergence of the institution of modern slavery. What was the connection between racism and slavery? How did racism take shape and change as slavery developed? In your view, does the ultimate cause of racism lie with economic exploitation? 3 5. Modern political theorists – from Hobbes, Locke, Jefferson, Madison and Rousseau to Kant, Robespierre, de Gouges, Toussaint L’Ouverture and Burke – built their different conceptions of the good government on the foundation of different ideas of human nature. 1. Compare and contrast two of these theorists, showing how their different ideas of human nature led to different conceptions of the good government. 2. Identify the theorist who, in your judgment, provides the most compelling conception of a good government, and explain why his or her conception is superior to that of the other theorists. Final 6 weeks 1. Perhaps the most powerful counter-example to the idea that human history is progressing toward a more civilized and more democratic future is the number of people killed in the wars of the 20th and 21st centuries. A. What should the growing destructiveness of war and the ever increasing numbers of people killed lead us to conclude, if anything, about human nature? B. What is the relationship of war to political regimes, from the most democratic to the most authoritarian? 2. “Questions from A Worker Who Reads” – Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) Who built Thebes of the seven gates? In the books you will find the names of kings. Did the kings haul up the lumps of rock? The drowning still cried out for their slaves. The young Alexander conquered India. Was he alone? And Babylon, many times demolished. Who raised it up so many times? Cæsar built the Gauls. Did he not have a cook with him? In what houses of gold-glittering Lima did the builders live? Where, when the evening that the great Wall of China was finished, did the masses go? Phillip of Spain wept when his armada went down. Was he the only one to weep? Frederick the Second won the Seven Years’ War. Who else won it? Great Rome is full of triumphal arches. Who entered them? Over whom did the Cæsars triumph? Every page a victory. Who cooked the feast for the victors? Had Byzantium, much praised in song, only palaces for its inhabitants? Every ten years a great man. Who paid the bill? Even in fabled Atlantis the night the ocean engulfed it, So many reports. So many questions. 1. Using evidence from your studies this year, c in support of or in opposition to Bertolt Brecht’s suggestion that while history is written from the point of view of “great men, it is actually ordinary men and women who are responsible for the accomplishments and achievements of world history? 2. To what extent were great men, on the one hand, and ordinary men and women, on the other hand, responsible for the development of individual rights? 3. To what extent were great men, on the one hand, and ordinary men and women, on the other hand, responsible for the development of modern democratic government? 4 5