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Name: _________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2 page 1 FES 100 - Introduction to Forest Biology Exam 2: Practice For short answer questions, be brief; full sentences are not necessary. Point value for each question is in parentheses. If a question is not clear to you, please ask for clarification. Write your name on this page now!!!!!! 1. (pt=3) Write the general equation for the light reactions in photosynthesis: 2. (pt=3) Write the general equation for the dark reactions in photosynthesis 3. (pt=4) What are three similarities between photosynthesis and respiration a)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ c)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 2 FES 100 Exam 2 4. (pt=5) Diagram the cross section of a chloroplast and thylakoid and show where the light reactions occur and where the dark reactions occur: 5. (pt=2) How is light energy converted to chemical energy in chlorophyll? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. (pt=1) What must be added to PGA to form PGAL? (1 item) ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. (pt=1) Which enzyme fixes CO2 to Ribulose bis-phosphae? ______________________________________________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2: Page 3 8. (pt=4) Make a sketch on how hydrogen ions are used in photosynthesis to make ATP 9. (pt=1) What is a common product in Stages I-III in aerobic respiration ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. (pt=4) What work do the electrons, those that come from glucose, perform in respiration? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Why is this important (1 reason) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. (pt=2) Chemically, why must there be fermentation when oxygen is not present? (1 reason) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 4 FES 100 Exam 2 12. (pt=5) Describe or sketch the chemical process (include cell structures) in respiration that produces the most ATP: 13. (pt=2) Define gene: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. (pt=4) What are two characteristics of the DNA molecule and explain why this characteristic has evolved: a)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2: Page 5 15. (pt=2) Why can’t DNA replication easily occur after prophase in mitosis? (1 reason) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. (pt=2) Give two reasons why mutations are so rare: a)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17. (pt=3) In mRNA synthesis (transcription), where do the covalent bonds form? (made a sketch) 18. Which RNA nucleotides will pair with the following DNA nucleotide sequence: (pt=2) DNA Sequence: T (Thymine) T A(Adenine) C(Cytosine) G(Guanine) G A RNA Sequence: ______________________________________________________ 19. (pt=3) What is one hypothesis you have as to why introns/extrons evolved?: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 6 FES 100 Exam 2 20. (pt=8) Diagram protein synthesis and label the following: ribosome, mRNA, tRNA, codon, anti codon; polypeptide chain: 21. (pt=3) What is one stage in mitosis _________________ What is one hypothesis you have as to why this stage evolved? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 22. (pt=3) What is another stage in mitosis _________________ What is one hypothesis you have as to why this stage evolved? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2: Page 7 23. (pt=2) Indicate which nucleotides will pair-up with each other: A B C D A pairs with ______ ________ pairs with _________ 24. (pt=3) Two ways in which DNA and RNA are similar include: a)______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ 25. (pt=4) What are two ways in which DNA replication is similar to RNA transcription? a)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 26. (pt=4) Explain why an alteration in the DNA sequence can result in the cell not functioning properly. Use the term "codon" in your answer. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 8 FES 100 Exam 2 27. (pt=5) Which phase of mitosis is indicated by the diagram at left: _____________________________________ What is happening during this phase (2 items)? a)____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ b)____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 28. (pt=7) Make a sketch of translation and protein synthesis using the following terms: mRNA, tRNA, amino acid, polypeptide, ribosome, codon, anticodon 29. (pt=6) There are two stages in photosynthesis. What are they, and write the basic chemical equations for each. a)_____________________________________________________________________________ equation: ________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ equation: ________________________________________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2: Page 9 30. (pt=5) Use the following diagram to answer questions a)-b) a) Insert the proper chemicals or particles (at least 6) needed for these reactions in the appropriate place b) What work is being done? (2 examples) i)______________________________________________________________________________ ii)______________________________________________________________________________ Page 10 FES 100 Exam 2 31. (pt=5) Label the following: a) ________ b) Name of enzyme needed here _______________________ c) ________ d) For every 3 carbon molecule that exits the cycle, how many 3 carbon molecules must remain in the cycle? ________________ 32. (pt=4) d) This compound can be used to produce what (1 item)? _____________________ ____ What are 2 similarities between photosynthesis and respiration in how they use energy to produce ATP? a)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 33. (pt=2) What is one similarity between fermentation and aerobic respiration: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ FES 100 Exam 2: Page 11 34. (pt=4) Make a sketch of a mitochondria and explain why its basic structure is necessary for aerobic respiration: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 35. (pt=8) Diagram the process of Meiosis I starting with interphase. Indicate when crossing over occurs, but you don’t' need to sketch that process: 36. (pt=1) What is one major difference between mitosis and meiosis II starting with interphase? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 37. (pt=3) What is a virus? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Page 12 FES 100 Exam 2 38. (pt=3) What is a bacterium? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 39. (pt=2) How do protista differ from bacteria? (2 major ways) a)______________________________________________________________________________ b)______________________________________________________________________________ 40. (pt=3) Where are potista mostly found? ______________________________________________________________________________ Why? (1 major reason)___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________