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Name ___________________________ Chapter 4 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Atomic Structure Section 4.1 Studying Atoms (pages 100-105) This section discusses the development of atomic models. Reading Strategy (page 100) Summarizing As you read, complete the table about atomic models. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. Atomic Models Scientist Evidence Model Ratio of masses in compounds Deflected beam Rutherford Positive, dense nucleus © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Ancient Greek Models of Atoms (page 100) 1. Democritus named the smallest particles of matter because they could not be divided. 2. List the four elements that Aristotle included in his model of matter. a. b. c. d. Dalton’s Atomic Theory (page 101) 3. Is the following sentence true or false? John Dalton gathered evidence for the existence of atoms by measuring the masses of elements that reacted to form compounds. 4. What theory did Dalton propose to explain why the elements in a compound always join in the same way? 5. Circle the letters of the sentences that represent the main points of Dalton’s theory of atoms. a. All elements are composed of atoms. b. In a particular compound, atoms of different elements always combine the same way. c. All atoms have the same mass. d. Compounds contain atoms of more than one element. Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 4 35 Name ___________________________ Chapter 4 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Atomic Structure Thomson’s Model of the Atom (pages 102–103) 6. Objects with like electric charges , and objects with opposite electric charges . 7. What happened to the beam when Thomson placed a pair of charged metal plates on either side of the glass tube? 8. Thomson concluded that the particles in the glowing beam had a(n) charge because they were attracted to a positive plate. 9. Is the following sentence true or false? Thomson’s experiments provided the first evidence for the existence of subatomic particles. 10. Describe Thomson’s model. Rutherford’s Atomic Theory (pages 104–105) 11. What is an alpha particle? 12. Fill in the table to show what Rutherford hypothesized would happen to the paths of alpha particles as they passed through a thin sheet of gold. Rutherford’s Hypothesis Particles that did not pass straight from their source to a screen that lit up through would be when struck. 13. Circle the letters of the sentences that describe what happened when Marsden directed a beam of particles at a piece of gold foil. a. Fewer alpha particles were deflected than expected. b. More alpha particles were deflected than expected. c. None of the alpha particles were deflected. d. Some alpha particles bounced back toward the source. 14. Circle the letter of the sentence that states what Rutherford concluded from the gold foil experiment. a. An atom’s negative charge is concentrated in its nucleus. b. Thomson’s model of the atom was correct. c. An atom’s positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus. d. An atom’s positive charge is spread evenly throughout the atom. 36 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 4 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Most particles would travel Name ___________________________ Chapter 4 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Atomic Structure Section 4.2 The Structure of an Atom (pages 108–112) This section compares the properties of three subatomic particles. It also discusses atomic numbers, mass numbers, and isotopes. Reading Strategy (page 108) Monitoring Your Understanding Before you read, list in the table shown what you know about atoms and what you would like to learn. After you read, list what you have learned. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. What I Know About Atoms What I Would Like to Learn What I Have Learned © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Properties of Subatomic Particles (pages 108–109) 1. What are three subatomic particles? a. b. c. 2. Circle the letter that identifies a subatomic particle with a positive charge. a. nucleus b. proton c. neutron d. electron 3. Why did Chadwick conclude that the particles produced by his experiment were neutral in charge? Comparing Subatomic Particles (pages 109–110) 4. Circle the letters of properties that vary among subatomic particles. a. color b. mass c. charge d. location in the atom 5. Circle the letter of the expression that accurately compares the masses of neutrons and protons. a. mass of 1 neutron = mass of 1 proton b. mass of 2000 neutrons = mass of 1 proton c. mass of 1 electron = mass of 1 proton d. mass of 1 neutron = mass of 1 electron Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 4 37 Name ___________________________ Chapter 4 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Atomic Structure Atomic Number and Mass Number (page 110) 6. Is the following sentence true or false? Two atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons. 7. What is an atomic number? 8. Circle the letters that identify quantities that are always equal to an element’s atomic number. a. number of nuclei b. number of protons c. number of neutrons d. number of electrons 9. Is the following sentence true or false? Two different elements can have the same atomic number. 10. What is the mass number of an atom? 11. Complete the equation in the table below. Number of neutrons ⫽ (page 112) 12. Every atom of a given element has the same number of and . 13. Every atom of a given element does not have the same number of . 14. What are isotopes? 15. All oxygen atoms have 8 protons. Circle the letter of the number of neutrons in an atom of oxygen-18. a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 18 16. Is the following sentence true or false? Isotopes of oxygen have different chemical properties. 17. Water that contains hydrogen-2 atoms instead of hydrogen-1 atoms is called . 38 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 4 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Isotopes ⫺