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GCSE VERB REVISION ESPAÑOL \ VERBOS There are three kinds of regular verbs: ar, -er and –ir verbs. They are called this because the part of the verb which you find in the dictionary, the infinitive, which means ‘to …..’, ends in either –ar, -er or –ir. For example: escuchar = to listen, comer = to eat, vivir = to live PRESENTE The three verb patterns for the present tense go like this: -ar verbs: e.g. mirar (to look at) Singular miro miras mira English I look You look/do you look? He/she/it looks Plural miramos miráis miran English We look You look/do you look? They look Plural bebemos bebéis beben English We drink You drink/do you drink? They drink Plural vivimos vivís viven English We live You live/do you live? They live -er verbs: e.g. beber (to drink) Singular bebo bebes bebe English I drink You drink/do you drink? He/she/it drinks -ir verbs: e.g. vivir (to live) Singular vivo vives vive English I live You live/do you live He/she/it lives GCSE VERB REVISION PRESENTE VOCABULARIO Irregular verbs (that only change form on the first person singular) Conocer (to know a person/place) – 1st person – conozco (I know) Reflexive verbs Reflexive verbs have the same verb endings as other verbs but require pronouns in front of them. For example: levantarse (to get up) Singular English Plural English Me levanto I get up Nos levantamos We get up Te levantas You get up/do you get up? Os levantáis You get up/do you get up? Se levanta He/she/it gets up Se levantan They get up Dar (to give) - doy Hacer (to do, make) hago Saber (to know/to know how to) – sé Salir (to go out) salgo Tener (to have) – tengo Radical-changing verbs Radical-changing verbs have the same endings as ordinary verbs but part of the stem changes for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons singular and the 3rd person plural. For example: poder (ue) = can Singular puedo puedes puede Venir (to come) – vengo Oral exam tip: As well as making reference to other people and showing you can use other parts of the verb apart from the 1st person, try to include reflexive, radical-changing and irregular verbs correctly as well to impress the examiner. English I can You can/can you? He/she/it can Plural podemos podéis pueden English We can You can/can you? They can IRREGULAR VERBS Ser – to be (permanent) Singular Plural soy somos eres sois es son Estar – to be (temporary/place) Singular Plural estoy estamos estás estáis está están Ir – to go Singular voy vas va Plural vamos vais van GCSE VERB REVISION PASADO The Perfect Tense This tense says what you have done and what has happened. It is formed like this: (with the auxiliary Haber conjugated+past participle) -ar verbs including reflexives e.g. hablar = to speak Singular English Plural He hablado I have spoken Hemos hablado Has hablado You have/have Habéis hablado you spoken Ha hablado He/she/it has Han hablado spoken English We have spoken You have/have you spoken They have spoken -er and –ir verbs including reflexives e.g. perder = to lose Singular English Plural English He perdido I have lost Hemos perdido We have lost Has perdido You have/have Habéis perdido You have/have you lost? you lost? Ha perdido He/she/it has lost Han perdido He/she/it has lost VOCABULARIO Irregular verbs Some important verbs have irregular past participles Decir (to say/tell) - dicho Escribir (to write) – escrito Hacer (to do/make) – hecho Repaso de gramática Reflexive verbs Reflexive verbs are the same as ordinary verbs but with a pronoun in front of them. For example: Me he lavado el pelo = I have washed my hair Se ha duchado = he/she has had a shower Modal verbs Modal verbs are verbs which are used with other verbs e.g. must, can (in parenthesis you will find the past participle) Here are some important Spanish modal verbs: Deber – must (Debido) Poder (ue) – can (Podido) Saber – to know how to Querer (ie) – to want to (Sabido) (Querido) Poner/ponerse (to put/become) - puesto Romper (to break) - roto Ser (to be) – sido Ver (to see) – visto Volver (to return) – vuelto GCSE VERB REVISION FUTURO VOCABULARIO Although the endings are the same whether the verb Fax: is regular or irregular, the stem for some verbs is irregular. E-Mail: This tense says what you will do and what will happen. It is form with the full form of the verb+ending. It is formed like this: All verbs e.g. ir = to go Poder (to be able to) – podré Poner (to put) – pondré Querer (to want) querré Saber (to know) - sabré Salir (to go out) – saldré Venir (to come) – vendré Singular Iré Irás Irá FRASES UTILES Poder (to be able to) – podré Poner (to put) – pondré Querer (to want) - querré Saber (to know) - sabré Salir (to go out) – saldré Venir (to come) – vendré To talk about your normal school day and evening and your weekends you can use the following phrases: Normalmente Por lo general generalmente por la mañana Por la tarde por la noche antes de (+ infinitive) = before Después de (+infinitive) = after luego (then) entonces (then) A la una/a las ocho y media/a las nueve menos veinte etc los sábados los domingos English I shall go You will/will you go? He/she/it will go Plural Iremos Iréis Irán English We shall go You will/will you go? They will go Irregular verbs Although the endings are the same whether the verb is regular or irregular, the stem for some verbs is irregular. Here are the most important irregular verbs: PRACTICA! Say what you will do when you return home this evening (Begin: Cuando vuelva a casa esta tarde ….), what you will do when you finish school (Begin: Cuando termine el colegio ….) and what you will do when you are older (Begin: Cuando sea mayor ….)