Download HUN 1201 Study guide for Exam 2 Chapter 3

HUN 1201 Study guide for Exam 2
Chapter 3:
1. What is the difference between hunger and appetite? P. 76
● Hunger—a physiological sensation that prompts us to eat; the drive is non-specific
● Appetite—a psychological desire to consume specific foods; specific
o Aroused when environmental cues stimulate our senses, prompting pleasant
emotions and memories
2. What is the order of organs in the digestive tract beginning with the mouth? P. 81
● Mouth
● Pharynx and esophagus
● Stomach
● Small Intestine
● Large intestine
● Rectum
3. Define the following AND where they occur:
● Peristalsis—waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food, chyme, and
feces in one direction through the length of the GI tract; moved through the esophagus to
the stomach P. 84
● Segmentation—rhythmic contraction of the circular muscles of the small intestine, which
squeezes chyme, mixes it, and enhances the digestion and absorption of nutrients from
the chyme; happens in small intestine P. 98
● Haustration—involuntary, sluggish contraction of the haustra of the proximal colon,
which moves wastes toward the sigmoid colon; happens in the colon P. 98
4. What are the components of gastric juice? What role does each play? P. 86-87
● Gastric Juice—acid liquid secreted in the stomach; it contains hydrochloric acid, pepsin,
and other compounds.
o Hydrochloric acid—keeps the stomach interior very acidic; kills bacteria/germs;
starts to denature proteins
o Pepsinogen—begins the digestion of proteins
o Gastric lipase—responsible for lipid digestion
5. What is the function of bicarbonate secreted in the stomach and pancreas individually? P. 87, 92
● Bicarbonate, a base, neutralize acid near the surface of the stomach’s lining
● Bicarbonate is secreted into the duodenum to neutralize the acidic chyme and ensures
that the lining of the duodenum is not eroded
6. What is bolus and chyme?
● Bolus—a mass of food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth P. 83
● Chyme—a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
P. 87
7. What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? P. 87
● Duodenum—part that is connected via the pyloric sphincter to the stomach
● Jejunum—the middle portion