Download Byzantine Empire

UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do emerging
empires learn from others achievements and
mistakes?
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What factors led
to the fall of the Roman Empire?
FALL OF ROME
READING THE FALL AND THE LEGACY OF ROME
180AD Marcus Aurelius the last of the five good
emperors died.
Chaos ensued: Rome would eventually split
into two parts East and West.
WEST
Corrupt Gov.
Poverty
Declining moral values
Germanic Tribes started taking
land from Western Rome
Take Rome (City) in 476AD
EAST (Byzantine Empire)
Constantine took power and
moved East named City
Constantinople
Would last another 1000 Years
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do emerging
empires learn from other achievements and
mistakes?
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How is the
Byzantine Empire a continuation of the Roman
Empire?
READING: CONSTANTINE IN CLASS
CONSTANTINE CREATES A NEW ROME
As things got bad in West Constantine decided
to move capital from Rome to ‘Byzantium’
changed city name to Constantinople. Also
legalized Christianity.
Empire known now as Byzantine Empire to
historians. Why?
What makes Constantinople a good
place for trade and defense?
Byzantium under Justinian
Emperor Justinian ruled from 527AD-565AD
Retook Rome in West through conquest. Cost
too much money weakened his control in east.
JUSTINIAN’S WIFE READING IN CLASS
BYZANTINE EMPIRE AT THE TIME OF
JUSTINIAN’S DEATH
Legacy
532AD riots destroyed much of Constantinople.
Rebuilt it with idea of restoring Roman Glory.
Crowning achievement Hagia Sofia “Holy
Wisdom.”
HAGIA SOFIA
Do questions 1-2 in text p98.
COMPLETE SENTENCE ANSWERS.
RRM HOMEWORK P96-102
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
Used law to unify his empire.
Used autocratic rule-complete authority.
Deemed Christ’s co-ruler on earth. Ruled both
land and spirit of people.
Wife Theodora was his advisor and Empress
JUSTINIAN’S CODE
Early in reign collected, revised and organized all of
ancient Rome’s laws.
The code included: laws passed by Roman
assemblies, Roman Emperors and legal writings of
Roman judges.
• Impact of Justinian Code felt by Western
Europe in 1100s.
• Monarchs based laws on principles which
helped centralize their power in Western
Europe and even today some of our
international laws.
BYZANTINE ECONOMIC AND MILITARY
STRENGTH SECOND TO NONE
• Government heavy control over economy.
• Peasants: worked land, provide taxes and
bodies for military.
• Armies protected empire and walls protected
capital of Constantinople.
• Secret weapon Greek Fire could not be put
out with water.
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Justinian’s plague almost destroyed
empire.
City lost 1/3 of population.
Few peasants and less money coming to
government.
Made it hard to maintain army and thus
protection.
'Fortunate to be alive': Girl, 7, contracts
bubonic plague at Colorado
campground - Vitals
After Justinian Byzantine Empire struggled for
survival. Attacks from other groups. Lost land
but still held Balkans and Asia Minor.
UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do emerging
empires learn from other achievements and
mistakes?
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What factors led
to the split of the Eastern and Western church?
Byzantine Christianity
Christianity was influential in both Byzantium
and Western Europe.
How it was practiced became an issue.
In West Pope ruled church.
In East Emperor ruled church and appoint a
patriarch to run things.
Byzantines rejected idea that Pope ruled all
Christians
In Western Europe Clergy could not marry.
In East could still marry.
East spoke Greek as church language
West spoke Latin as church language
Biggest Holy day in Byzantium was Easter.
Downplayed Christmas a little.
West Christmas much bigger.
For centuries Icons-images in church no
problem with either side.
700s Byzantine emperor outlawed venerated
icons saying they were “graven images.”
People in Byzantium protested and John of
Damascus incited the people.
Pope sided with Jon and peeps.
Conflicts broke out.
Order restored.
Byzantine Empress restored icons later on.
Still had a lot of resentment of Popes.
1054AD EAST and WEST got into it over other
issues.
East and West split in what is called the Great
Schism.
Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other.
You’re out
of here!
No, you’re out
of here!
Eastern now- Greek
Orthodox Church
West now-Roman Catholic
Church
Were now guarded rivals of
each other.
By 4th Crusade Byzantine Empire and Venice got
into it and Venice convinced the knights to
attack Byzantium.
For 57 years Christians ruled Byzantium
1260s reclaimed by Byzantine Emperor but
empire never recovered
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Trade ruled now by Venetian Merchants in
Byzantium
Ottoman Turks started beating up on
Byzantium. In 1453AD Mehmet took city and
renamed it ‘Istanbul.’
Hagia Sofia turned into mosque.
By Great Schism empire in decline
1090s-Byzantine Emperor called for help
against Seljuk Turks
Resulted in first crusade
To sum up the really really important stuff…
The Byzantines influenced later cultures.
•
Byzantine art influenced Western styles. Preserved
Greek and Roman learning.
•
Religious icons evoke the presence of God
•
Mosaics brought scenes of the Bible to life
•
Palaces and churches blended Greek, Roman,
Persian and other Middle Eastern styles
•
Byzantine scholars preserved many Greek and
historical works and took them to the West, where
they would influence the Renaissance.
•
For centuries, Justinian’s Code has influenced
European law.
Over time, differences developed between the
Byzantine Church and the Church in Rome.
The Byzantine emperor appointed the patriarch and
rejected the Roman pope’s authority over his appointment.
•
The Byzantines used Greek as opposed to Latin
in the services.
•
Byzantine clergy could marry.
Emperor Constantine made Byzantium the center
of the eastern Roman empire, a “New Rome,” and
renamed it Constantinople.
•
It had an excellent
harbor and sat at a
crossroad of trade
between Asia and
Europe.
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Constantine expanded the
city, with new defenses and
magnificent buildings.
A blend of ancient Greek, Roman, and Christian
influences, it remained powerful and wealthy long after
the fall of Rome.
Among Justinian’s
personal triumphs
was the completion
of Hagia Sophia, or
“Holy Wisdom.”
Under the Ottomans
the church became
a mosque. It is now
a museum.
It is a world renown
treasure.
1. TEXT BOOK P98 Q 1-2
2. CONSTANTINOPLE THE GREAT CITY P115 Q 1-4
3. FCAT BOOK READ P95 summary 60 words
4. READ P86 summary 60 words