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Mesopotamian Study Buddy ECO What allowed the Mesopotamians to specialize in different professions (this is division of labor)? Irrigation made farmers more productive so they had a Food Surplus Even though cities grew, society in Mesopotamia was still based on what? agriculture Why were city-states in Sumer always fighting each other? Wanted more farmland The Phoenicians are most famous for which resource? Cedar wood Why did the Phoenicians choose to use the sea for trade? Overland trade routes were blocked. (Mountains and nasty neighbors) GOV What often happened after a powerful ruler died during ancient times? Power of empire declines. Invasions from foreign lands. Who was the world’s first civilization? Sumer What was the basic political unit of the Sumerians? City-states Sargon of the Akkadians is given credit for what two firsts? World’s first empire and world’s first permanent army How did the Assyrians rule their empire? Rulers chose local leaders to: 1. collect taxes 2. enforce laws 3. raise troops for army Techno What did the Sumerians first use cuneiform for? Keep records of business How did the alphabet help the Phoenicians? Made writing easier What is Hammurabi most famous for? Code of laws (Brought order to society) Who were the first to master iron working? Hittites What technology did the Hittites and Assyrians use in battle? Iron weapons and chariots The Big Dog from the test (know at least 4) Sumerians: Sewer, clock based on 60, first writing system (cuneiform), wheel, medicine, plow (led to surplus) Akkadians: First permanent army, world’s first empire Babylonians: Hammurabi’s code (282 laws to organize society), Hammurabi used tax money to pay for building projects and irrigation projects Hittites: Mastered iron working (stronger weapons), invented chariot to get around battlefield faster Assyrians: Super strong army, army well organized/every soldier knew role, built roads to connect empire, chose local leaders to :collect taxes, enforce laws, and raise troops Chaldeans: Calendar, solved complex geometry problems, charted position of stars, kept track of economic, political, and weater events, hanging gardens of Babylon created by Nebuchadnezzar Phoenicians: Invented alphabet we use today (made writing easier), expert sailors, created wealthy trade center, cedars Rel One of the important parts of a priests role was to Serve as the link between the Sumerians and the gods One of the Sumerians beliefs about gods was They controlled every part of life. The Sumerians worshiped many gods, this is called Polytheism Social Traders being above farmers is Mesopotamia is called Social hierarchy What was the social hierarchy in ancient Sumeria? Kings, priests, craftspeople and merchants, laborers, slaves Study time for grade: 5 points for 35 minutes (due Tuesday, February 10) Study time session 1:_______________ Witness Signature________________________________________________________ Study time session 2:________________ Witness Signature________________________________________________________ Study time session 3:________________ Witness Signature ________________________________________________________________________ Total study time______________________________________