Download Ancient Civilization Chapter 2 Study Guide II

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Ancient Civilization Chapter 2 Study Guide II
Directions: Complete the questions using your note sheets, guided reviews
and the Ancient World Textbook. We will correct this study guide on
1. What was the religion that the Jews in the Middle East followed and how
was it different from other religions in the Middle East The Jews followed a
religion known as Judaism. It was different from the other religions in the
Middle East at the time because it was monotheistic (Yahweh)
2. What impact did the Tigris and the Euphrates have on the development
of civilization in the Middle East? The Tigris and the Euphrates provided a
steady source of water and the annual flooding made for good fertile soil.
This made it an ideal place to settle
3. What significance did the Phoenicians have on the development of
language in the Middle East? The Phoenicians invented the Phoenician
alphabet. The alphabet made it much easier for ordinary people to be able
to read and write. They no longer needed scribes to be able to write in
cuneiform for them any longer
4. How did the Phoenicians dominate trade in the Atlantic? The Phoenicians
spread stories about sea monsters occupying the Atlantic Ocean. This made
other groups fearful about trying to sail into the Atlantic to compete with
trade.
5. What were Hammurabi’s Codes and why were they significant?
Hammurabi’s Codes were the first set of written laws. They were made by
the Babylonian King Hammurabi and they stressed the idea that the
punishment for an action should fit the crime. They allowed normal people to
know what the laws were.
6. What impact did social class have on the penalties that people incurred
for breaking the law? Depending on your social class the punishments were
different. Someone who had a great deal of power and wealth would not be
punished as severely as someone who was a peasant
7. What role did the scribes play in ancient Middle East civilization? The
scribes were the “professional writers” in Mesopotamia. They were one of
the few groups who could read and write in cuneiform so they had a lot of
power and respect. They were the ones who kept records for everyone
8. Who were the Babylonians and what did they do? The Babylonians were
the group that conquered the Sumerians territory. The Babylonians were
considered great traders and had many bazaars where caravans would come
to trade. The Babylonians were so wealthy they were eventually conquered
by the Assyrians. Their first leader was the Hammurabi who created the
code of laws.
9. Who were the Assyrians and what did they do? The Assyrians were the
group that conquered the Babylonian territory. The Assyrians were the
group that had a strong military and used the battering ram to get into
cities that were well fortified.
10. Who were the Sumerians and what did they do? The Sumerians had one
of the first civilizations in the Mesopotamia region. They developed early
civilization and were one of the first groups to be able to read and write.
They believed in many gods and worshipped them using Ziggurauts.
11. What was the cause for much of the early movement of the Israelites as
they spread throughout the different areas of the Middle East? The
Israelites originally moved due to famine (Abraham told them to move to
another area). They kept getting kicked out of countries due to their
religious beliefs. Eventually they were exiled by the Chaldeans and their
king. The diaspora was the scattering of the Jews from their homeland.
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