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Download Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9
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Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9-11) Chapter 9 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Adaptation Homeostasis Invertebrate Vertebrate Key Concepts The main functions of an animal are to obtain food and oxygen, keep internal conditions stable, move in some way, and reproduce. Animals are classified according to how they are related to other animals. These relationships are determined by an animal’s body structure, the way the animal develops, and its DNA. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Bilateral Symmetry Organ Radial Symmetry Tissue Key Concepts The organization of an animal’s cells into higher levels of structure helps to describe an animal’s body plan. Animals without symmetry have no tissues. Animals with radial symmetry have tissues and usually have organ systems. Animals with bilateral symmetry have organ systems. Lesson 3 Vocabulary Arthropod Cnidarian Echinoderm Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Mollusk Key Concepts Animals that do not have backbones are invertebrates Lesson 4 Vocabulary Chordate Ectotherm Endotherm Notochord Vertebra Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9-11) Key Concepts At some point in their lives, all chordates have three characteristics: a notochord, a nerve cord, and pouches in the throat area. The body temperatures of some vertebrates change with the environment. Other vertebrates maintain a constant body temperature. Lesson 5 Vocabulary Amphibian Bird Cartilage Fish Reptile Mammal Mammary Gland Marsupial Monotreme Placenta Placental Mammal Key Concepts There are five major groups of vertebrates. They are fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Cartilage Joint Molting Muscle Key Concepts A skeleton is a framework that shapes and supports an animal, protects its internal organs, and allows it to move in its environment. Muscles help animals move their body parts. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Brain Impulse Interneuron Motor Neuron Nervous System Neuron Response Sensory Neuron Stimulus Key Concepts A nervous system allows animals to detect, process, and react to environmental signals. The simplest nervous systems are a netlike arrangement of neurons throughout the body. Complex systems have a nerve cord and a brain. Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9-11) Lesson 3 Vocabulary Swim Bladder Water Vascular System Key Concepts An animal moves about when its nervous system, muscular system, and skeletal system work together to make movement happen. Animals that live in water, on land, or in the air have different adaptations for movement. Lesson 4 Vocabulary Carnivore Cellular Respiration Circulatory System Diffusion Digestion Digestive System Filter Feeder Herbivore Omnivore Respiratory System Key Concepts The different ways that an animal obtains energy depends on what and how it eats. Animal cells exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with their surroundings by diffusion. Complex animals have one of two types of surculatory systems: open or closed. Lesson 5 Vocabulary External Fertilization Gestation Period Internal Fertilization Larva Medusa Polyp Key Concepts Animals undergo either asexual or sexual reproduction to make more of their own kind. External fertilization occurs outside of the female’s body, and internal fertilization occurs inside the female’s body. Lesson 6 Vocabulary Amniotic Egg Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis Metamorphosis Nymph Placenta Pupa Tadpole Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9-11) Key Concepts The growing offspring, or embryo, may develop outside or inside of the parent’s body. Young animals undergo changes in their bodies between birth and maturity. Most amphibians and reptiles do not provide parental care. Most birds and mammals do. Chapter 11 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Cell Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Connective Tissue Epithelial Tissue Organ Organ System Key Concepts The levels of organization in the human body consist of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Lesson 2 Vocabulary Skeleton Skeletal Muscle Joint Nutrient Absorption Gland Stimulus Response Hormone Key Concepts Muscles and bones work together, making your body move. The nervous system tells your muscles when to act. The circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems play key roles in moving materials in your body. The nervous system and endocrine system work together to control body functions. Lesson 3 Vocabulary Homeostasis Stress Key Concepts All of your body systems working together to maintain homeostasis and keep the body in balance. Science 7/8 – Trimester 2 Review Packet (All of Chapters 9-11) Lesson 4 Vocabulary Skeleton Vertebrae Joint Ligament Compact Bone Spongy Bone Marrow Cartilage Osteoporosis Key Concepts Your skeleton has five major functions. It provides shape and support, enables you to move, and protects your organs. It also produces blood cells and stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. Bones are complex living structures that grow, develop, and repair themselves. Bones are also strong and lightweight. Lesson 5 Vocabulary Involuntary Muscle Voluntary Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tendon Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Striated Muscle Key Concepts Your body has skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues. Some of these muscle tissues are involuntary, and some are voluntary. Skeletal muscles work in pairs. Muscle cells can only contract, not lengthen. While one muscle in a pair contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes to its original length. Lesson 6 Vocabulary Epidermis Melanin Dermis Pore Follicle Key Concepts The skin has two layers that protect the body. Skin helps regulate body temperature, eliminate wastes, gather information about the environment, and produce vitamin D.
