Download Four types of sentences Declarative (D) Interrogative (INT

Parts of Speech Notes and Definitions
Four types of sentences
Declarative (D)
Interrogative (INT)
Imperative (IMP)
Exclamatory (E)
11/26/2012, English 8
Makes a statement
Asks a question
Gives a command or makes a request
Expresses a strong feeling or surprise
Prepositions (P) Connects a noun or a pronoun to the rest of the sentence.
Must have objects of the preposition
Common Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
of
off
on
out
outside
over
past
since
through
throughout
to
toward
under
underneath
until
up
upon
with
within
without
COMPOUNDS
according to
across from
along with
aside from
because of
far from
in front of
in place of
in spite of
instead of
on account of
on top of
Object of Preposition The noun or pronoun after the preposition
(OP) Answers the question “WHAT?” after the preposition
OBJECT PRONOUNS - me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom
Simple Subject (S) Noun or pronoun used as the subject of a sentence
Answers the questions “WHO?” or “WHAT?” is being talked about
SUBJECT PRONOUNS - I, you, he, she, we, it, they
Action Verb (V) A verb that shows action.
Answers the question “WHAT is the subject DOING?”
Linking Verb (LV) A verb that shows a state of being
These verbs are interchangeable
Answers the question “WHAT is the subject LIKE or BEING?”
Adjective (ADJ) A word that describes or defines a noun or a pronoun
Possessives answer the question Possessive nouns (end in s’ or ‘s)
“WHOSE?” Possessive pronouns (my out, his, her, its, their, your)
Answers the questions “WHAT KIND?”, “WHICH ONE?”, “HOW MUCH/MANY?”
Article Adjective (A) A, an, the
The most frequently used adjectives
Parts of Speech Notes and Definitions
11/26/2012, English 8
Adverb (ADV) A word that qualifies or adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or an adverb
Answers the questions “WHERE?”,“WHEN?”,“HOW?”,“HOW LONG?”,“HOW MUCH?”
The word “NOT” is always an adverb
Understood YOU
Subject is left unstated in an imperative sentence
Write (YOU) at the front of the sentence to identify the understood you
Interjections (INJ) Words or phrases used to express strong feelings or surprise
Conjunctions (C) Words that connect phrases or sentences
Most common conjunctions are and, but, or
Helping Verbs (HV) Verbs that change the tense of the main verb
Common helping verbs
Am
can
had
Are
Could
Has
Be
Did
have
Been
do
is
Being
Does
May
might
Must
shall
Should
Then
was
were
will
would
Subject Complements
Verb transitive (V-t) An action verb followed by a direct object or a direct object and indirect object
Direct Object (DO) A noun or pronoun that completes the meaning of the sentence
Answers the questions “WHAT?” or “WHOM?” after the verb
Indirect Object (IO) Noun or pronoun that comes between a VERB TRANSITIVE and a DIRECT OBJECT
You won’t have an IO Answers the questions “TO WHOM/WHAT?” or “FOR WHOM/WHAT?” after the DO
without a DO!
Predicate Noun (PN) Noun or pronoun after a LINKING VERB
Renames the subject
Predicate Adjective (PA) Adjective after a LINKING VERB
Describes the subject
The order of a sentence
Natural Order Everything on the subject side describes the subject and everything on the verb side
describes verb
Inverted Order A word or phrase at the beginning of the sentence that modifies the predicate
Interrogative sentences are usually in inverted order (start with a helping verb)
Adverb Exception An adverb placed directly in front of the verb and describes the verb