Download Sentence Parts and Phrases

Sentence
Parts and
Phrases
Sentence
• A group of words that has a
subject and a verb and
expresses a complete thought.
Sentence Fragment
• When a group of words DOES
NOT contain a subject and a
verb or DOES NOT express a
complete thought
Subject
• Tells whom or what the sentence is about
• ****CAN NEVER BE IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE***
• COMPLETE SUBJECT: is the subject (nouns, pronoun,
gerund, or infinitive) and all of its modifiers
• SIMPLE SUBJECT (s): the main word or group of words
in the complete subject
Predicate
• Tells something about the subject
• COMPLETE PREDICATE: verb plus all of its
modifiers
• SIMPLE PREDICATE (av, lv, or hv): the verb or
verb phrase (main verb plus its helping verbs)
SIMPLE SUBJECT (s)
• The “who” or “what” of the verb
• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly. (dog is
the simple subject)
• Must be noun (n), pronoun (pro), gerund (ger), or
infinitive (inf)
• Can never be in a prepositional phrase
• THERE and HERE are never the subject of a sentence
• The subject can be an “understood you”. Ex: Bring
me the remote control, please. (YOU is who brings
it.)
COMPLETE SUBJECT
(underlined once)
• Simple subject plus its modifiers
• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.
• Dependent clauses modifying the
subject are part of the complete
subject of the independent clause.
(Ex: The dog that has spots likes to
bark.)
SIMPLE PREDICATE/VERB
• Transitive verb (vt): takes a direct
object (ex: We love English.)
• Intransitive verb (vi): does not
take a direct object (ex: Please sit
down.)
• All linking verbs (lv) are
intransitive
COMPLETE PREDICATE
(underline twice)
• Verb plus its modifiers
• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.
• Dependent clauses modifying the verb
are part of the complete predicate of the
independent clause.
• Ex: The dog likes to bark when I’m
asleep.
COMPLEMENT
• Completes the meaning of the subject and
verb
• Types:
– Direct object (do)
– Indirect object (io)
– Predicate nominative (pn)
– Predicate adjective (pa)
DIRECT OBJECT (do)
• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in
a prepositional phrase
• Follows an action verb
• To find it, say “subject, verb, what?”
or “subject, verb, whom?”
• Ex: I like English. “I like what?”
English is the direct object
INDIRECT OBJECT (io)
• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in a
prepositional phrase
• Comes before a direct object and after
the verb
• To find it, say “subject, verb, direct
object, to or for whom or what?”
• Ex: He gave me the paper. “He gave
paper to whom?” Me is the indirect
object.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (pn)
• Is a noun or pronoun
• Follows a linking verb and renames
subject
• To find it, say “subject, verb, what or
who?”
• Ex: He is a nice guy. “He is what?”
Guy is the predicate nominative
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE (pa)
• Is an adjective
• Follows a linking verb and describes
the subject
• To find it, say “subject, linking verb,
what?”
• Ex. He is nice. “He is what?” Nice is
the predicate adjective.
APPOSITIVE (app)
• Noun or pronoun that follows
and renames another noun or
pronoun
• Ex. My son Beck likes trains.
Beck is an appositive.
APPOSITIVE PHRASE (app ph)
• Noun or pronoun (along with
modifiers) that follows and
renames another noun or
pronoun
• Ex. Ansley, my daughter, loves to
dance. My daughter is the
appositive phrase.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (prep ph)
• Group of words beginning with a
preposition and ending with a noun or
pronoun
• Can act as an adjective (ex: I want a room
with a view.) or adverb (ex: His house is
on the lake.)
• Must be next to the noun or pronoun it
modifies.
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (op)
• Follows preposition and tells “what?” or
“whom?”
• Ex: The key is under the rug. “Under
what?” Rug is the object of the
preposition.
• If there is no object, it is NOT a
preposition. Ex. Please stand up. (Up is
an adverb.)
NOUN OF DIRECT ADDRESS (nda)
• Person being spoken to in a
sentence
• Ex: Mom, I’m hungry. Mom is the
nda.
• Ex: Go clean your room, Rebekah.
Rebekah is the nda.
INFINITIVE PHRASE (inf ph)
•Infinitive plus its
modifiers and objects
•Ex: He likes to eat
pepperoni pizza.
OBJECT OF THE INFINITIVE (obj inf)
• Follows infinitive and tells
“what?”
• Ex: I want to eat pizza. “to eat
what?” Pizza is the object of
the infinitive.