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Directed Reading A
Section: Bacteria
______ 1. Which of the following is true of bacteria?
a. All bacteria are the same size.
b. Most bacteria can be seen without a microscope.
c. There are fewer bacteria on Earth than most other living things.
d. There are more bacteria on Earth than any other living thing.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA
______ 2. How many kingdoms of living things are there?
a. one
c. six
b. two
d. ten
______ 3. What two kingdoms of living things do bacteria belong to?
a. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
b. Fungi and Animalia
c. Archaebacteria and Fungi
d. Protista and Plantae
______ 4. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria contain
a. all of the forms of life on Earth.
b. the oldest forms of life on Earth.
c. the youngest forms of life on Earth.
d. none of the forms of life on Earth.
______ 5. All bacteria have
a. one cell.
b. two cells.
c. three cells.
d. hundreds of cells.
______ 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the most common shapes of
bacteria?
a. cocci
b. spirilla
c. flagella
d. bacilli
______ 7. What determines a bacteria’s shape?
a. its size
b. the kingdom it belongs to
c. its color
d. its cell wall
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Directed Reading A continued
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided.
a. cocci
______ 8. rod-shaped
b. bacilli
______ 9. long, spiral-shaped
c. spirilla
______10. spherical
11. Some bacteria use hairlike parts called
to help
them move around.
12. Bacteria are organisms with one cell and no
.
13. An organism with no nucleus is a(n)
.
14. An organism with a nucleus is a(n)
.
15. What three things can a prokaryote do that allow it to function as an
independent organism?
16. Bacteria reproduce by
.
17. Describe how bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
18. What kind of places do most bacteria grow best in?
19. What kind of places do some bacteria not grow well in?
20. Genetic material covered by a thick, protective membrane is a(n)
.
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Directed Reading A continued
21. How is it possible that a bacteria could begin to grow after 30 million years in
a fossilized insect’s stomach?
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
______22. Most bacteria are
a. archaebacteria.
b. protista.
c. fungi.
d. eubacteria.
______23. The kingdom that has the most organisms is
a. Fungi.
c. Eubacteria.
b. Archaebacteria.
d. Protista.
______24. Eubacteria are classified by
a. their size.
b. their shape.
c. the way they get food.
d. the way they reproduce.
______25. Most eubacteria are
a. consumers.
b. producers.
c. decomposers.
d. food sources.
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided.
______26. bacteria that get their food from dead
organic matter
______ 27. bacteria that eat other organism or live in or
on the body of another
a. producers
b. decomposers
c. consumers
______28. bacteria that make their own food
29. What do producer bacteria use to make food?
30. A bacterium that contains the green pigment chlorophyll is
.
31. Many cyanobacteria contain
that give them
different colored tints.
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Directed Reading A continued
32. How do flamingos get their pink color?
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided.
______33. bacteria that live in swamps and animal
intestines
______34. bacteria that live in ocean vents and hot
springs
a. heat lovers
b. salt lovers
c. methane makers
______35. bacteria that live in salty environments
36. One kind of organism that often lives where no other organism can is a(n)
.
37. What kind of environment do archaebacteria prefer?
38. What are three places where archaebacteria have been found?
39. How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria?
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TEACHER RESOURCE
Answer Key
Directed Reading A
36. archaebacteria
37. one with little or no oxygen
38. Answers will vary. Sample answer: hot
SECTION: BACTERIA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
D
8. B
C
9. C
A
10. A
B
11. flagella
A
12. nucleus
C
13. prokaryote
D
14. eukaryote
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
move; get energy; reproduce
binary fission
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission
through three steps. (1) The cell’s DNA
is copied and binds to the cell
membrane. (2) The DNA and its copy
separate as the cell and membrane
grow. (3) When the cell is about
double its original size, the membrane
pinches inward. A new cell wall forms
and separates the two new cells.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
moist, warm places
Answers will vary. Sample answer: dry
or cold places
endospore
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Bacteria can surround their own
bodies with a thick, protective
membrane called an endospore, which
allows them to remain inactive until
conditions are favorable for growth.
D
C
C
A
B
C
A
energy in sunlight
cyanobacteria
pigments
Answers will vary. Sample answer: by
eating red cyanobacteria
C
A
B
springs at Yellowstone National Park;
below ice in Antarctica; far below the
Earth’s surface
39. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Many archaebacteria do not have cell
walls. Archaebacteria with cell walls
have a different kind than those
eubacteria have. Archaebacteria also
often live where nothing else can live.
SECTION: BACTERIA’S ROLE IN THE
WORLD
1. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Bacteria live in water, air, and the
human body.
D
B
C
Answers will vary. Sample answer: It’s
in a form they can’t use.
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen from the air and change its form.
nitrogen fixation
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Decomposer bacteria break down
dead plants and animal matter.
Answers will vary. Sample answer: It
makes nutrients available to other
living things.
bioremediation
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Some bacteria change harmful chemicals into harmless ones.
B
C
lactose
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
Bacteria break down the sugar in milk,
or lactose, and change it into lactic
acid.
antibiotics
bacteria
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