Download disease - West Ada

Bell Ringer:
Read pg. 316-321
1. What causes infectious disease?
2. What are the different types of pathogens?
3. How are infectious diseases spread?
HEALTH
Prevention and Control of Disease
Lesson 2
Pathogens
 Disease
causing agents
that have the ability to
make you sick or even
cause death
 They
are found in the air
and food and on nearly
every object or person
who you come in contact
with
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
Heredity

Chromosomal traits and family history
Aging

Vulnerability increases with age
Environmental Conditions

Unsanitary conditions, drugs, chemicals, and pollutants
Organism Resistance

Some pathogens are resistant to our body’s defenses and/or
medical treatments
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Controllable Risk Factors
Stress
Nutrition
Physical
fitness level
Sleep
Drug
use
Hygiene
High-risk behaviors
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Routes of Pathogen Transmission
Direct Contact

Touching, kissing, sexual relations
Indirect Contact

Touching an object that an infected person has had contact with
Airborne Contact

Breathing in air that carries
a pathogen
Food-borne infection

Eating something that is
contaminated by microorganisms
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Routes of Pathogen Transmission
Animal-borne pathogens

Animals can spread diseases through bites, feces, or by
carrying infected insects into living areas
Water-borne diseases

Transmitted from drinking water, from foods washed or
sprayed with contaminated water, or from wading or
swimming in contaminated streams, lakes or reservoirs
Perinatal

Mothers can transmit diseases to an infant in the womb or as
the baby passes through the vagina during birth
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Bacteria




Single-celled organisms
There are several thousands of species, but only
about 100 cause diseases in humans
Most of the time it is not the bacteria that is causing
the diseases, but it is the toxins that
are produced by the
bacteria
They can be seen
under a standard
microscope
Bacterial Diseases

Staphylococcal Infections



These bacteria are normally on our skin at all times and usually
do not cause problems
When a cut or break in the skin occurs, the bacteria may enter
and cause an infection
Acne, boils, styes (eyelid infections), wounds are common
staph infections
Bacterial Diseases

Streptococcal
Infections


Pneumonia


Causes strep throat
and scarlet fever
One form is caused by a bacterial
infection with the following
symptoms chronic cough, chest
pain, chills, high fever, fluid
accumulation and eventual
respiratory failure
Bacterial infections are
commonly handled
with antibiotics
Bacterial Diseases

Legionnaire’s Disease


A water-borne disease with
symptoms similar to those of
pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)


An airborne disease where
bacteria infiltrate the lungs and
cause a chronic inflammatory
reaction
Symptoms include coughing, weight
loss, fever and spitting up blood
Viruses


Minute parasitic microbes that live inside another
cell
Over 150 viruses are known to cause diseases in
humans
Viruses



Viral diseases are hard to treat because many can withstand heat,
chemicals and large doses of radiation with little effect on their
structure.
A virus once it enters the body - lies dormant and it becomes
manageable with a healthy immune system.
What diseases are caused by viruses?
Smallpox
Measles
Hepatitis
Human papilloma virus
Herpes
Rabies
HIV (virus that causes AIDS)
The common cold
Chickenpox
Influenza
Shingles
Polio
Ebola
Cold sores
Viruses
How are viruses prevented and treated?

Viral infections require either vaccinations to prevent them or
antiviral drugs to treat them.

Vaccinations are generally the cheapest and most effective way to
prevent viruses.

Currently, vaccinations exist for polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and
smallpox among others.

In fact, vaccinations have been instrumental in eliminating diseases
such as smallpox and reducing other viral diseases to extremely rare
status.

Virus vaccinations consist of a weakened form of the virus (liveattenuated viruses) or viral proteins called antigens.
Viral Diseases

The Common Cold



There may be over 200 different viruses responsible
Carried into the nose and throat most
of the time
Stress, allergies,
and menstrual cycles
appear to increase
susceptibility
Viral Diseases

Influenza (flu)



Symptoms include aches and pains, nausea, diarrhea, fever,
and cold like ailments
In healthy people, it is usually not serious
However, when
combined with
other disorders,
among the elderly,
those with
respiratory or
heart disease,
children under 5
the flu can be
very serious
Viral Diseases

Mononucleosis (mono or the kissing disease)


Symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, chills,
weakness or tiredness, lymph nodes may swell, jaundice, spleen
enlargement, aching joints, and body rashes may occur
May be transmitted
through body fluids
but does not appear
to be easily contracted
through normal,
everyday contact
Viral Diseases

Hepatitis


Causes inflammation of the liver
Symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, loss of
appetite, skin
rashes, pain in
the upper
right abdomen,
dark yellow urine,
and jaundice

Viral Diseases
Hepatitis A (HAV)


Hepatitis B (HBV)



Contracted from eating food or drinking water contaminated with human
feces
Spread through body fluids, usually during unprotected sex
Can lead to liver disease or liver cancer
Hepatitis C (HBC)


Some cases can be traced from people who share needles, blood
transfusions or organ transplants
Usually causes chronic infections and if not treated may cause cirrhosis of
the liver, liver cancer, or liver failure
Viral Diseases

Measles

Symptoms appear about 10 days after
exposure and include an itchy rash and a high
fever and may lead to other problems such as
rheumatic heart
disease, kidney
damage and
neurological
disorders
Can you answer the following questions?
1.
Which pathogen is curable with antibiotics?
a.
Fungus
b.
Bacteria
c.
Virus
d.
Parasite
II.
Which pathogen is manageable but will lie dormant
in your system?
a.
Fungus
b.
Protozoa
c.
Virus
d.
Parasite
Other Pathogens

Fungi



Multicellular or unicellular primitive
plants that inhabit our environment
Many are useful providing food such
as mushrooms and cheeses
Some produce infections




Candidiasis (vaginal)
Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
Jock itch
Other Pathogens

Protozoa

Microscopic, singlecelled organisms that
can cause disease

Trichomoniasis
 transmitted

Giardiasis
 found

sexually
in water
Malaria
 Via
mosquitoes
Other Pathogens

Parasitic Worms


Usually associated with eating raw fish
Cooking fish and other foods to high temperatures will kill the
worms and their eggs to prevent infestation


Pinworms
Tapeworms
Match the descriptions to the
microorganisms
Date and answer these in your Journal!
Microorganism Description
Virus
Have a cell wall. Thousands of them can
fit onto a single full stop. Can reproduce
on their own.
Bacteria
Can only be seen with powerful
microscopes. Cannot reproduce on their
own. Take over living cells in order to
reproduce.
Vary in size from microscopic to much
larger organisms. Some grow on skin
and can make skin red and sore. Can
reproduce on their own.
Fungus
Match the descriptions to the
microorganisms
Microorganism Description
Virus
Bacteria
Fungus
Can only be seen with powerful
microscopes. Cannot reproduce on
there own. Take over living cells in
order to reproduce.
Have a cell wall. Thousands of them
can fit onto a single full stop. Can
reproduce on their own.
Vary in size from microscopic to much
larger organisms. Some grow on skin
and can make skin red and sore. Can
reproduce on their own.
Summary
There are three types of microorganism _____, bacteria
and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause _______.
These microorganisms can _______ cells or produce
_______. Our body has ________ to protect us from
disease. Some disease are not caused by
microorganisms, these are called __________ diseases.
disease
defences
lifestyle
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
virus
toxins
damage
Summary
There are three types of micro-organisms virus, bacteria
and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause disease.
These microorganisms can damage cells or produce
toxins. Our body has defences to protect us from
disease. Some disease are not caused by
microorganisms, these are called lifestyle diseases.
disease
defences
lifestyle
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
virus
toxins
damage
Study packet

Using this power point and your book if necessary
answer the questions under # 13