Download Earth`s Interior

11/7/2012
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11/7/12
Science Class Connect with Mrs. McFarland & Mr. Gluckin
Earth’s Interior
Ohio Academic Content Standards
Earth and Space Sciences
The Universe
9. Describe the interior structure of Earth and the Earth’s crust as divided into tectonic plates riding on top of the slow moving currents of magma in the mantle.
11. Use models to analyze the size and shape of Earth, its surface and its interior (e.g. globes, topographic maps and satellite images).
The Study Island lesson is due by 4pm on Thursday: SI 2e
Student Centered Objectives
I will be able to describe the layers on the inside of the Earth.
I will be able use images to look at the Earth’s interior by composition.
I will understand the different physical properties of the Earth’s layers.
Ground rules
• Please close all other apps & web pages. No Facebook, games, music, etc.
• No off‐topic chat
• Be respectful of each other
• Don’t share personal information
• I can see all chat … even “private chat”
Today’s Class Agenda
• Review Ground Rules for Classes
• Earth’s Stats
• Composition of the Earth
– Crust/Mantle/Core
• Structures of the Earth
– Lithosphere/Asthenosphere
• Lithospheric Plates
• State of matter and heat
– Convection Currents
• Reminders
• Today’s Slides
• Exit Ticket
• Your Questions
Earth’s Stats
• The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg. • Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume). • Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the viscosity (“aka” ability to flow).
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The Earth can be divided into different layers based on various properties.
The Compositional Layers of the Earth
Earth's compositional layers, from the outside to the center,
are the crust, the mantle, and the core.
The crust is the outermost, thinnest, least dense layer.
Continental crust is made mostly of the rock granite and is
thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is
made mostly of the rock basalt. Overall, crustal rocks are rich
in the elements silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).
This cross section shows that continental
crust (grey area labeled as "1")
is thicker than
oceanic crust (black area labeled as "2").
The portion of the diagram labeled as "3" is
part of the mantle. The blue area is ocean
water.
The Compositional Layers of the Earth
The mantle is the hot, middle, thickest layer and accounts for
most of the Earth's bulk. It is denser than the crust, but not as
dense as the core. The density of the mantle increases with
depth due to increasing pressure.
Like the layers of an apple
The Compositional Layers of the Earth
The core lies at Earth's center. The core is made mostly of
iron and nickel, and it is the densest layer.
Earth’s Layers
http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html
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What is the inner most layer of the earth?
The Composition of the Earth: The Crust
Earth’s Layers Rap song:
A. Inner core http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=HOd7PRJMkkQ
B. Outer core The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other layers. The crust is only about 3‐5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).
C. Mantle D. Crust E. Asthenosphere The Composition of the Earth: The Mantle
The Composition of the Earth: The Core
The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The upper mantle is a hard shell. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the mantle is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move. We will discuss this further as we begin exploring the layers based on physical properies.
The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. Remember the core is broken into to layers when we look at them based on their physical properties. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.
The Composition of the Earth
The Inner Core
Core
The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid. •Pretty big. (6,856 km)
•(Slightly bigger than Mars!)
•Broken down in to an inner and
outer core.
•33% mass of the Earth
•Scientists think….
•Made mostly of iron
•Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen
•What is the evidence?
•The particular way seismic
waves travel
•Earth’s Magnetic field
N
S
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What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z?
A.
B.
C.
D.
crust
inner core
outer core
mantle
What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Structure of the Earth
crust
inner core
outer core
mantle
The Structure of the Earth
Mesosphere
© Copyright 2006. M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.
© Copyright 2006. M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.
The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties
• Earth's physical layers, from the outside to the center, are the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, the mesosphere, the outer core, and the inner core.
• The lithosphere is the cold, brittle layer at Earth's surface. It is a solid layer that contains all of the crust and a very thin part of the mantle's top. Overall, the lithosphere is a stiff, rigid layer that is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates. These plates move around on top of the less rigid layer below them.
The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties
• The asthenosphere is a less rigid layer directly underneath the lithosphere. It consists entirely of mantle rock. Although it is solid, the asthenosphere is able to flow very slowly. This causes the rigid plates of the lithosphere on top to move around.
Overlap
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The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties
• The mesosphere is a solid layer that accounts for the rest of the mantle below the asthenosphere. The mesosphere is stronger and denser than the asthenosphere.
The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties
The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties
• The outer core is the liquid, outer portion of the Earth's core. The slow, gradual flow in the outer core produces the Earth's magnetic field.
The Lithosphere
• The inner core is the solid, inner portion of the Earth's core.
The crust and the upper layer of the mantle
together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere.
The Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere (“weak sphere”) is a soft, semi-rigid part
of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy
weight. The asthenosphere is made of layer is like putty and
it flows very slowly at about the rate your fingernail grows.
It is on the asthenosphere that the pieces of the
lithosphere (lithospheric plates) move.
The Lithospheric Plates
Below the middle mantle is the lower mantle.
This denser section makes up the mesosphere.
The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called lithospheric plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi‐
rigid asthenosphere.
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The
Physical
Properties
of the
Earth
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Viscous Layer
Solid
How HOT is it?
Outer Core
Liquid
(continued)
Mesosphere
Solid
Inner Core
Solid
Convection Currents
• Remember the mantle "flows"
because of convection currents.
When the convection currents
flow in the asthenosphere they
also move the crust. The crust
(broken into pieces called
lithospheric plates) gets a free
ride with these currents.
• Convection currents are
caused by the very hot material
at the deepest part of the
mantle rising, then cooling and
sinking again --repeating this
cycle over and over.
– Mrs. Peterson will be doing a
Virtual Lab on this concept on
11/15 at 9am! 
Convection (continued)
• Convection (heat) currents
– carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler outer mantle. Please watch this
1 minute video:
http://quietube2.com/v.php/http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1
dmE&feature=related
What is the outer most layer of the earth? What is the outer most layer of the earth? A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Mantle D. Crust A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Mantle D. Crust 6
11/7/2012
Thank you for coming. Remember Science teachers will be out of their office tomorrow and will not be teaching. Also Mrs. McFarland will begin teaching her students 11/12/12!
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Upcoming Science Events:
Science Zone – cancelled Thursday 11/8.
Great Lakes Science Center
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WHEN: Wednesday, December 19th, 2012, 10:00am – 5:00pm
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WHERE: Great Lakes Science Center
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Address: 601 Erieside Avenue Cleveland, Ohio
Located at the foot of East 9th Street and the Shoreway (St. Rt. 2) between the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the new Browns Stadium. Look for the OMNIMAX® dome
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WHO: Maximum of 75 students, plus parents and siblings may attend the outing. To learn more about the Great Lakes Science Center visit their website at: http://http://www.glsc.org
/
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Planetarium Field Trip in Bowling Green, November 8th is why the teachers will be out! Hope to see you there!
Great Lakes Science Center, Dec. 19th (See online events calendar, newsletter or the next slide for more info.)
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We need to pay as a group upon arrival so please bring EXACT cash, no checks or credit cards for the admission. Adults must supervise their students for the entire event. •
IF YOU WANT TO ATTEND: RSVP Required by November 30th to [email protected]
(Please include names of all persons attending and the grades of students in OHVA, space is limited) •
More information is on the online events calendar: http://localendar.com/public/ohva
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QUESTIONS? KMail or call Mrs. Fortin if you have any questions: 877‐648‐2512 ext. 4042
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