Download Study Guide A Answer Key

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Study Guide A
Answer Key
SECTION 1. HUMAN POPULATION
GROWTH AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
SECTION 3. WATER QUALITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b
b
renewable
nonrenewable
renewable
Allow either answer. Drinking water is
renewed through the water cycle, but the
amount of water on Earth does not change.
renewable
renewable [Some students might point out
that petroleum-based fertilizers used to grow
corn are a nonrenewable resource.]
renewable [Some students might point out
that petroleum-based fertilizers used to grow
cattle feed are a nonrenewable resource.]
nonrenewable
d
c
a
b
SECTION 4. THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
a
c
d
b
b
a
Burmese python
Kudzu
Mice
c
a
SECTION 5. CONSERVATION
SECTION 2. AIR QUALITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
c
a
c
a
biomagnification
hawks
indicator species
biomagnification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
pollution
Smog
microscopic
ozone
acid rain
energy from the Sun
it maintains temperatures on Earth that make
life possible
CO 2
greenhouse effect
global warming
d
b
c
Timber industry
Fisheries
d
aquatic mammal
Endangered Species Act
protect other species
Clean Air Act
CleanWater Act
Endangered Species Act
c
sustainable development
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
i
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.
VOCABULARY
nonrenewable resource
renewable resource
ecological footprint
MAIN IDEA: Earth’s human population continues to grow.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Earth’s human population is now approximately ___________.
a. 1 billion
b. 7 billion
c. 10 billion
d. 20 billion
2. Technologies and medical advances, such as indoor plumbing and antibiotics,
have influenced human population by __________.
a. slowing birth rates
b. increasing Earth’s carrying capacity
c. reducing Earth’s carrying capacity
d. increasing death rates
MAIN IDEA: The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural
resources.
Determine whether the following natural resources are renewable or
nonrenewable. Write renewable or nonrenewable in the space provided beside
the name of each resource.
______________________ 3.
sun
______________________ 4.
oil
______________________ 5.
trees
______________________ 6.
water
______________________ 7.
wind
______________________ 8.
corn
______________________ 9.
beef
______________________10.
coal
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
1
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Effective management of Earth’s resources will help meet the needs
of the future.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
11. The use of trees by the human population of Easter Island is an example
of ___________.
a. environmental damage caused by violent weather
b. environmental damage caused by plant disease
c. sustainable resource use
d. unsustainable resource use
12. The area of land needed to provide a person with the food and water, shelter,
energy, and waste management he or she uses is that person’s ___________.
a. sustainability level
b. ecological damage
c. ecological footprint
d. carrying capacity
Vocabulary Check
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
13. Resources that cannot be used up or can replenish themselves more quickly
than they are being used are ___________.
a. renewable
b. nonrenewable
c. sustainable
d. unsustainable
14. Resources that are used much faster than they can replenish themselves
are _____________.
a. renewable
b. nonrenewable
c. sustainable
d. unsustainable
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
2
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Section 2: Air Quality
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere.
VOCABULARY
pollution
particulate
greenhouse effect
smog
acid rain
global warming
MAIN IDEA: Pollutants accumulate in the air.
Fill in the blank with the term or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Smog, particulates, acid rain, and greenhouse gases are examples
of _________________.
2. _______________ forms when sunlight interacts with emissions from the
burning of fossil fuels.
3. Particulates are made up of _________________ bits of dust, metal, and
unburned fuel.
4. Smog is made up of particulate matter and ground-level _________________.
5. The low pH of _________________ can affect ecosystems by slowing the
growth of plants and damaging fish habitat.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
3
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 2: Air Quality
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
Complete the Concept Map with information about the greenhouse effect. Choose
from the following terms and phrases: it maintains temperatures on Earth that
make life possible, energy from the Sun, CO 2.
Greenhouse effect
absorbs
and
reflects
6.
is important
because
involves
7.
greenhouse gasses
such as
H2O
CH 4
8.
9. The _______________ slows the release of heat energy from Earth into space.
10. The trend of increasing temperatures on Earth is called __________________.
Vocabulary Check
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
11. A gardener’s greenhouse is a miniature version of _____________.
a. global warming
b. methane
c. air pollution
d. the greenhouse effect
12. Microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel that are produced by many
industrial processes form a type of air pollution called ___________.
a. smog
b. particulates
c. acid rain
d. global warming
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
4
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 2: Air Quality
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Section 3: Water Quality
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Pollution of Earth’s freshwater supply threatens habitat and health.
VOCABULARY
indicator species
biomagnification
MAIN IDEA: Water pollution affects ecosystems.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Detergents, fertilizers, and raw sewage that make their way into rivers, lakes,
and underground aquifers are sources of ________.
a. indicator species
b. air pollution
c. water pollution
d. eggshell thinning
2. Scientists sometimes use ___________ to determine the health of
an ecosystem.
a. indicator species
b. chemical contaminants
c. water pollution
d. biomagnification
3. When fertilizers pollute waterways, a buildup in the growth of algae can result.
Too much algae reduce the __________ level in the water, leading to the death
of fish.
a. eutrophication
b. chemical contaminants
c. oxygen
d. biomagnification
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
5
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 3: Water Quality
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
4. A buildup of algae can cause a lake or pond to slowly disappear. This process
is called ________.
a. eutrophication
b. chemical contaminants
c. oxygen
d. biomagnification
MAIN IDEA: Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain.
Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
5. The movement of fat-soluble pollutants through the food chain is called
_______________________.
6. Pesticides are applied to a field of corn. Mice eat some of the corn. Some of
the mice are eaten by snakes. Some of the snakes are eaten by hawks. Over
time, the animals with the highest levels of pesticides in their body are the
________________.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
7. A fish species that shows evidence of absorbing prescription drugs from the
water is a(n) ___________________________, or bioindicator, that provides
evidence about the health of the ecosystem.
8. An increase in the concentration of fat-soluble toxic material in the bodies of
animals as you move up the food chain is called ______________________.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
6
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 3: Water Quality
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity.
VOCABULARY
habitat fragmentation
introduced species
MAIN IDEA: Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere.
Circle the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The variety of species found in an ecosystem is a measure of the
ecosystem’s __________.
a. biodiversity
b. loss of habitat
c. reduction in stability
d. natural resource depletion
2. A loss of biodiversity can make it difficult for an ecosystem to ____________
a. lose populations
b. slow population growth
c. adjust to change
d. deplete natural resources
3. The highest levels of biodiversity on Earth are found in ___________.
a. desert ecosystems
b. lake ecosystems
c. tundra ecosystems
d. rain forest ecosystems
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
7
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Loss of habitat eliminates species.
4. Building roads, clearing forests, and building new housing developments are
human activities that contribute to __________.
a. increased diversity
b. habitat fragmentation
c. increased ecosystem stability
d. forest preservation
MAIN IDEA: Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships
in an ecosystem.
5. A species brought into an ecosystem as the result of human actions is
__________.
a. a discovered species
b. an introduced species
c. an endangered species
d. a native species
6. A non-native species that increases in population size under a variety of
conditions and causes economic damage is __________.
a. an invasive species
b. an introduced species
c. an endangered species
d. a native species
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
8
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
Complete the chart below by filling in the left column with the names of the
introduced species that are causing the ecosystem impacts described in the
right column.
Species
Region
Impact on Ecosystem
7.
Florida Everglades
Escaped pet that feeds on
many species of small
animals, including
endangered birds
8.
United States
Fast-growing plant that
chokes out other plants
9.
Australia
Small mammals that can
severely damage grain
crops, resulting in major
economic losses for
farmers.
Vocabulary Check
Circle the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence.
10. An organism brought to an ecosystem as the result of human action is
called __________________.
a. habitat fragmentation
b. biodiversity
c. an introduced species
d. pollution
11. A tunnel under a highway provides a path for migrating frogs. The tunnel is a
technology that can help lessen damage from _________.
a. habitat fragmentation
b. biodiversity
c. introduced species
d. pollution
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
9
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Section 5: Conservation
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Conservation methods can help protect and restore ecosystems.
VOCABULARY
sustainable development
umbrella species
MAIN IDEA: Sustainable development manages resources for present and future
generations.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. ___________________ is a practice in which natural resources are used and
managed in a way that meets current needs without hurting future generations.
a. Resource harvesting
b. Population management
c. Sustainable development
d. Resource depletion
Complete the following chart by filling in the Resource column with the name of
the resource that matches the Sustainable Management and Benefits columns.
Resource
Sustainable Management
Benefits
2.
Avoid clear-cutting
Cut select trees
Encourages rapid
regrowth of trees
3.
Reduce harvest of slowgrowing species
Allows reproduction and
growth to keep up with
harvest
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
10
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 5: Conservation
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Conservation practices focus on a few species but benefit entire
ecosystems.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
4. The act of protecting a(n) ____________ species in an ecosystem often helps
protect other species in the same ecosystem.
a. native
b. invasive
c. introduced
d. umbrella
Complete the Concept Map with information about the manatee and its role as an
umbrella species. Choose from the following phrases: protect other species,
aquatic mammal, Endangered Species Act.
West Indian manatee
is an
is protected by
helps to
7.
5.
6.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
11
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 5: Conservation
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Protecting Earth’s resources helps protect our future.
Complete the table by filling in the blanks in the left column with the name of the
law described in the right column of each row.
Law
Description
8. ______________________ Regulates pollution emissions from industrial
factories and automobiles
9. ______________________ Protects waterways from activities that cause
pollution
10. _____________________ Protects species that are threatened with
extinction
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
11. ___________ is one way humans can reduce their impact on
Earth’s ecosystems.
a. Allowing industries to release chemicals into waterways
b. Rapid harvesting of nonrenewable resources
c. Developing technologies to reduce waste
d. Reduced enforcement of the Clean Air Act
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
12. Keeping ecosystems healthy is the primary goal of
_______________________.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
12
Human Impact on Ecosystems
Section 5: Conservation