Download Past participles

ADJECTIVES THAT CAN BE FORMED FROM VERBS
Reviewing Present Participles

Let’s review…
 We worked with present participles earlier
this year
 Present participles are used with the verb
estar to describe something that is
happening now
 Examples: They are singing.
We are eating.
I am writing.
Reviewing Present Participles

To form the present participle of a verb in
Spanish, remove the ending of the verb
and add either –ando (-ar verbs) or –iendo
(-er and –ir verbs)
 Examples:
 1) They are singing. (cantar)
Ellos están cantando.
 2) We are eating. (comer)
Nosotros estamos comiendo.
 3) I am writing. (escribir)
Yo estoy escribiendo.
What are past participles?

Whereas estar plus the present
participle of a verb is used to describe
something that is happening now, estar
plus the past participle of a verb is used
to describe past or completed action.
How to Form Past Participles
Most past participles are formed by
changing verbs to adjectives.
 Examples:

 1) The store closes.  The store is closed.
 2) We lose.  We are lost.
 3) She dresses well.  She is well dressed.
How to Form Past Participles

To change a verb to an adjective to form
its past participle:
 1) Drop the -AR/-ER/-IR verb ending
 2) Add -ADO (-AR verbs)
OR
 Add -IDO (-ER/-IR verbs)

**Endings must agree in gender and #
with noun they describe.**
Examples:

Cerrar (to close)  La tienda está cerrada.
 The store is closed.

Perder (to lose)  Nosotros estamos perdidos.
 We are lost.

Vestir (to dress)  Ella está bien vestida.
 She is well dressed.
–ADO or –IDO?

Part of writing the past participle of a verb involves
first figuring out whether the verb is an –ar, -er, or –ir
verb because…
 1) Add -ADO for –ar verbs
OR
 2) Add -IDO for -er/-ir verbs

(Also remember that the endings must agree in
gender and # with noun they describe.)
–ADO or –IDO?
Can you recognize which type of verb (-ar, -er, -ir) this
is so we can decide between –ado and –ido?
 1) El emperador se casó hace un mes. Ahora es un
hombre ___________.
The emperor married (verb) one month ago. Now
he is a married (adjective) man.

the verb ending ó an –ar, -er, or –ir verb
ending?
 Is
ó is the he/she/you(for) ending for pret. –ar verbs
 se casó  casarse….Answer: casado

–ADO or –IDO?

2) El ejército perdió la batalla. La batalla fue
___________.
The army lost (verb) the battle. The battle was
lost. (adjective)
Is the verb ending ió an –ar, -er, or –ir verb ending?

ió is the he/she/you(for) ending for pret. –er/-ir verbs

perdió  perder….Answer: perdido
NO! – INCORRECTO
Perdido has to match with the noun it is describing—la
batalla, therefore…perdida



–ADO or –IDO?
3) Ella siempre vestía bien. Ella estaba bien
___________.
She always dressed (verb) well. She was welldressed. (adjective)
 Is the verb ending ía an –ar, -er, or –ir verb ending?





ía is the he/she/you(for) ending for imperfect –er/-ir verbs
vestía  vestir….Answer: vestido
???
vestido has to match with the noun it is describing—Ella,
therefore…vestida
–ADO or –IDO?
Final conclusion…
 1) You need to decide if the verb ending of the verb
that you are going to change into a past participle is
an –ar, -er, or –ir verb ending in that tense
 2) If it is an –ar verb ending in that tense, add –ado
If it is an –er or -ir verb ending in that tense, add
-ido
 3) Make sure your past participle matches the noun
you are describing (masc/fem and sing/pl)
