Download Becoming a World Power

Becoming a World Power
1. The United States became a leading industrial producer because of the industrial development of
the late 19th century. This contributed to the nation’s rise to world power.
a. ____________________ growth led many Americans to support a larger role for America in the
world in order to gain more ______________ materials and increase markets for our products
made in our factories overseas.
b. While the US was developing into a strong economic power at the end of the 19th century, it was
also becoming more involved with ______________________ affairs. Part of becoming a big
power and force in the world involved ________________________ our land/empire.
c. Many believed it was our “God-given right” to expand across the seas like we had across our
continent. This is called our _____________________ Destiny.
d. This new Manifest Destiny was also motivated by the ____________________ spirit and the
idea of American ______________________ (Social Darwinism) as well as by economics which
fueled this belief of expanding beyond our borders.
e. All of these motivations would play a role in the US declaring war against Spain, being involved
in the revolt in Panama leading to the building of the Panama Canal, and our involvement in
WW1.
2. Back in 1867, the US bought Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars ($7,200,000) with
Secretary of State William Seward’s insistence.
a. Some called it the “_______________ Garden” because it was so far north.
b. But ______________ was discovered, so many people flocked there. It was also full of natural
resources such as ______________, timber, copper, and _________________.
3. Christian missionaries and business people began to settle in the Hawaiian Islands in order to
convert people and make money.
a. The weather was good for __________________ and pineapples.
b. Kings and queens ruled Hawaii at that time. Queen ___________ was a popular leader of the
Hawaiian people and didn’t want Americans to have so much control in Hawaii.
c. But, we took control of the trade, annexed (took _______________ of) the land, took over their
government, and set up a republic in 1898.
d. Hawaii is located in the ____________ __________, and is a good ____________ stop on the
way to trading with ____________.
4. People accused the US of imperialism or empire building after the acquisition of Hawaii and
Alaska. This led to many conflicts with nations in Europe, especially Spain.
5. Spain controlled Cuba and Puerto Rico. Many Cubans wanted their independence from Spain
but failed in two revolutions. Many Americans supported their fight for independence. So what
led the US to declare war on Spain?
6. Yellow Journalism helped prepare the public for the decision to declare war against Spain.
a. It is ___________, exaggerated writing meant to _________ more newspapers and influence
readers. This kind of writing is designed to just sell __________ (and therefore make $$ for the
company).
b. Yellow journalists appealed to the sentiments of its readers to save Cuba from the harsh rule of
colonial Spain. They helped __________ ______ the American people to save Cuba before and
after the war.
c. _____________ _____ __________ sold many papers due to their yellow journalism.
7. President McKinley asked Congress to declare war. They were willing do so for a few reasons.
a. American ________________ interests in Cuba,
b. Humanitarian concerns for the Cuban _____________,
c. We wanted to show our _______________ in the world.
8. President McKinley sent the USS MAINE to Havana, Cuba to protect our citizens living there.
a. On Feb. 15, 1898, it ______________ in the harbor.
b. ___________ was blamed for the explosion as 200 soldiers were killed. This was fueled, of
course, by yellow journalism. [Much later, it was determined the explosion was set off by a
spontaneous combustion fire.]
c. War [called the Spanish American War] was declared on Spain two months later (April 25,
1898) and lasted __ months.
d. It started with the takeover of ____________ harbor in the Philippines by our naval fleet in the
Pacific led by Commodore ____________. [The Philippines would provide another great
location physically for the US to get to Chinese markets.]
e. Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders and the ______________ Soldiers (African American soldiers)
helped fight in Cuba.
f. An armistice, an agreement to _______ ____________ a war, was signed and led to the
annexation (addition) of territories. It gave the US control of Cuba, ________, the Philippine
Islands, and Puerto Rico. This armistice was called the __________ ____ ___________.
g. Guam and Puerto Rico are ___________ properties of the U.S. today.
i. The Philippine Islands were US properties until the end of _________, even though there
were armed protests for their independence prior to that war.
ii. Cuba was occupied (on and off) by US forces for more than 30 years, and today we have
a permanent _________ _________ there (called Guantanamo Bay).
h. Many men died during this war, but most deaths were due to yellow fever and ______________.
i. This war made the US a strong __________ ____________.
9. Teddy Roosevelt (TR) eventually became Vice President under McKinley, due in part to his
popularity after the Spanish American War. After McKinley’s assassination, he then became
President.
a. He was born into a __________ family but was a sickly child. He loved the outdoors and had a
strong sense of ________ play.
b. TR is known for his saying: “Speak softly and carry a big _________.”
c. He helped bring peace during Russia and Japan’s conflict and won a __________ Peace Prize in
1905 for his efforts.
d. He sent the “________ ________ ________” around the world to show our military force.
10. The Panama Canal was a goal of TR in order to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as a quick
route to expand trade in the Far East.
a. It would cut across the ___________ (a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land areas)
that joined North and South America and allow commercial and military ships to travel from
ocean to ocean more _________.
b. This canal would help create our ____________ __________ image.
c. But there was a problem: we didn’t own the isthmus, and its owner (______________) wouldn’t
sell it to us.
d. A revolution occurred and formed a new nation called ____________, which gave permission to
the US to lease the isthmus and build the canal.
e. The Canal officially opened August 15, _______.
f. It was found that ______________ carried diseases like __________ __________ and malaria,
so areas where they laid their eggs were drained to enable people to continue to build the canal.
These diseases had caused many problems in the building of the canal.
g. A __________ with Panama gave the US full control of the canal until 2000.
11. As industries and cities grew in the U.S., they created social and political problems.
a. Industries:
i. Factories could be dangerous ________________ places.
ii. Some industries filled the air with unhealthy _________ and __________. Others
dumped wastes into rivers or lakes and cut down ________________
b. Cities:
i. Grew due to the increase of ___________________- and the migration away from
_________.
ii. Middle Class Americans were concerned with the living ________________ of the city
as well as the __________________ in government.
iii. ________________ conditions led to problems with sanitation, water, and housing.
12. The Progressives were mostly middle class people who believed society’s problems could be solved
by passing laws.
a. They believed these laws would make life ______________ for all Americans and
_____________ the government.
b. It started as a political response to problems at the _______ government level, and then moved to
the ______________ and national level.
c. Progressives tried to improve education, health, moral, and social problems by ______________
immigrants how to adapt to living in a new country. They established ___________________
houses to help teach social skills to immigrants, such as the __________ ____________ created
by Jane Addams.
d. Progressives helped many new laws make life safer such as ______________ codes for
tenements, factories and coal mines, creating ___________ labor laws, ________ laws (to
prohibit buying alcohol on Sundays), and the income tax (________ Amendment).
e. They were concerned with unsafe working conditions, long work hours, and _________ labor,
but did not support the actions of labor ___________ (like going on strike). They thought
passing ____________ would better solve those problems.
f. Other reformers supported the establishment of city ____________ and beautification projects,
____________ housing, and better sanitation for the city.
g. Child Labor- They wanted children to be able to attend ___________ and not have to work. This
upset many families since they depended on their children working to help the family survive.
Most child labor laws were passed at the _____________ level since the Supreme Court declared
them unconstitutional on the federal level.
h. Child labor laws, minimum wage and maximum hours were not enforced strictly until the New
Deal reform of the Great __________________ in the 1930s.
13. Theodore Roosevelt was considered a progressive president.
a. He became President after ___________________ assassination.
b. His idea was called the “____________ __________.” He believed the Federal government
should __________ people and make life ____________ ____ __________. Everyone should
get the same opportunity.
c. He became known as the “___________________” since he tried to break up trusts.
d. After reading Upton Sinclair’s book on the meat packing industry, he passed the Pure Food and
Drug Act and the _________ Inspection Act to make sure food and drugs were handled properly.
e. Roosevelt was also interested in conserving ______________. He helped create national parks,
monuments, and wildlife refuges.
f. He promoted the regulation of the railroads to protect the rights of consumers.
g. Other Progressive presidents that followed Roosevelt were William Howard ______ and
Woodrow ______________.
14. Reforms began at the local (city) level and then moved to state and national (federal) reforms.
a. The cities needed to be reformed because political _____________ ruled the cities. They were
dishonest and corrupt. A notorious political boss was William ___________ of NY. So they set
up __________________ to help keep one person from having all the power (so the mayor
didn’t have all the power). Each commission took care of one part of the government, like fire
and police departments.
b. ___________ system- people take tests to ______________ for state and federal jobs. Prior to
this reform, jobs were given out based on who you knew and not what you knew… “you scratch
my back and I’ll scratch yours.”
c. Reforms were more _______________ at the national/federal level when dealing with Big
Business.
d. Companies joined together to form _____________ in order to control entire industries and keep
away the ________________ so they could set the prices. Without competition, trusts could
charge _______________ prices for their products.
e. __________________ were declared unlawful (by the Sherman Anti-trust Act), but the
Supreme Court limited its effectiveness.
f. The movement to limit alcohol ____________________ (drinking) had been around since the
American ______________. However, it received a boost in the late 19th century with the
increase in the number of ______________________.
g. When WW1 began, propaganda against the _______________ (who were known for their beer
drinking) and the rationing of ___________ also helped the Progressives push through a national
_____________________ amendment.
h. Prohibition- to keep people from drinking ____________, the US passed the _____ Amendment
making it illegal to make, sell, and transport alcohol
i. Carry _______________ fought for Prohibition.
j. The Amendment couldn’t stop people from drinking. Hundreds of “speakeasies” or __________
taverns were opened and run by mobsters, leading to crime in cities.
k. The 18th Amendment was later repealed by the ______ Amendment because people would do
whatever they could to get alcohol.
15. Muckrakers were writers who wrote publicized the terrible working and living conditions as well
as the corruption of industries using photographs and their words.
a. Roosevelt was the ___________ to use this term.
b. Upton ____________ wrote about the unhealthy conditions in Chicago’s meatpacking plants in a
novel called _______ _____________.
c. ____ ___________ exposed the oil trusts.
d. Jacob ________ exposed the terrible living conditions in the city.
16. There was still a push for civil rights or equal treatment under the law for all citizens.
a. W.E.B. DuBois formed the ____________ (National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People)
b. National Urban League was formed to help find ______ and homes for black people in the cities
c. Booker T. Washington wanted to look for _____________ ways for black people. The need for a
good education was a way to improve one’s life.
17. Women also fought for equal rights.
a. Suffragists were people who wanted the _________ _____ _________. Two popular leaders in
women’s suffrage attempts were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
b. _____ Amendment- gave women the right to vote in 1920. This is said to have been the best
accomplishment of WW1. At first people didn’t support women voting, but was appreciative of
their war efforts at home.
18. While a single event sparked the beginning of World War I, factors existed many years prior to its
beginning. In 1914, these conflicts among European countries exploded into war. The United
States hoped to stay out of this war, called the Great War.
19. There were for MAIN causes that led to the beginning of the War. Remember, when the war
began, the US was NOT involved with it. We wanted to remain neutral (not take sides).
a. __________________- a belief that using military forces was a good way to solve problems.
Nations tried to develop ____________ more powerful than those of their neighbors. This was
called the “__________ race.”
b. __________________- partnerships certain countries had with each other. Partners agreed to
help each other in the event of an attack. Countries with alliances with each other were called
___________. “I’ve got your back.”
c. ____________________- empire-building- Countries fought for control of colonies in places
like Africa and Asia. Britain and France had large empires all over, making Germany, Russia,
and Italy jealous. With this policy, stronger nations take control of ________________ areas.
d. ____________________- sense of pride or loyalty to a nation and the desire for independenceempires in Europe included people from different ethnic groups who wanted to break away and
form their own countries.
20. The spark of the war occurred on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo when Archduke Ferdinand and his
wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian terrorist named Princip.
a. Ferdinand was _________ to the Austria-Hungary throne.
b. When Austria declared war on ___________, alliances came into play.
21. There were two big alliances during the war.
a. Allied Powers or ________________ (Triple Entente): Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and
eventually the USA
b. ________________ Powers (Triple Alliance): Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, Ottoman
Empire (Turkey)
22. The United States wanted to remain neutral (not take sides) at first, but was eventually drawn into
the conflict.
a. Wartime _______________________ (like yellow journalism) and our close sympathies and
close commercial ties to __________ ____________ strained our neutrality.
b. Germany developed submarines, or underwater boats called ____________. They declared
unrestricted warfare on the high seas (even on neutral ships trading with Britain and France).
One of these sank a British passenger ship called the _______________ off of Ireland’s coast in
May, 1915. There were many Americans on the ship.
c. The Zimmermann note- a __________________ was intercepted from a German official (Arthur
Zimmermann) to the German Minister in Mexico. In this note, he said if the US declared war on
Germany, then Mexico should enter into an ________________ with Germany. With the
support of Germany, Mexico could re-conquer lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.
Journalists reported about this telegram in their newspapers.
d. These were a few ________________ that led to America’s support of the war.
e. On May 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany after their
U-boats sank three American ________________ ships…because “the world must be safe for
democracy.”
23. The US joined forces with the Allies in June 1917, even though we were not ready because our
Army was small and we had few weapons.
a. Our forces sent to Europe were called the American Expeditionary Force (______) and were
nicknamed the “_________________.”
b. They were led by General __________________.
c. The war had been going on for ______ years before we entered it.
d. They were instrumental in the _______________ front against Germany and in breaking the
deadlock of _________________ warfare.
e. Upon arriving in Europe, soldiers were sent to _____________ where most of the fighting was
occurring.
24. The Selective Service Act provided for a military draft to get people to join the military’s armed
forces.
a. Men from the ages of ___________ (eventually 18-45) had to register with the draft board.
b. b. The military included immigrants, _______________ Americans, _____________ Americans,
and ________________ Americans.
c. While even in the military, they continued to face the same _______________ in the war they
faced at home. Most were given __________________ duties or menial jobs.
d. Eight _______________ Indian soldiers transmitted radio messages in their native language as a
“secret code” that no other country could decipher.
25. A front is a place where fighting takes place. The western front included French trenches and the
eastern front was mostly in Russia.
a. The two fighting sides were separated with a “____________ ________” area which was land
not held by either side but filled with barbed wire and land mines (which were __________
buried in the ground).
b. Women were not allowed to fight in the war, but they helped out by taking over the ________ of
men at home who left to fight in the war. They worked in the fields as nurses, clerical positions,
and in ___________________.
c. Soldiers lived and fought in _______________ (ditches) dug into the ground. These trenches
averaged about 6.5 feet deep and were ________, damp, and dark. _____________ was not an
option and many men wore the same clothing for days and weeks at a time.
d. In addition to mud, the trenches contained human ____________ and unburied corpses (which of
course attracted _______ _____ _______).
26. New kinds of technology and weapons were used in the war.
a. Germany invented a faster _______________ gun, which was fought off by Britain’s ________.
b. The Germans tried to use poisonous _______ against the tanks. Some of these gases included
chlorine, tear, and mustard gases, which caused ______________, burned the flesh, and rotted
the throat and lungs.
c. Gas ____________ were used to fight the gases.
d. d. Submarines- used _______________ to blow up ships
e. e. Airplanes- for dropping bombs and _____________ on other troops
27. Changes took place back in America during the war as all Americans were asked to “do their
part” to help out in the war effort.
a. Some factories stopped making “normal” ________________ and began to make items needed
for the war (like _______________)
b. Farmers were asked to grow ___________ for the troops overseas and Americans were
encouraged Americans to eat ________ (wheatless and meatless days), and grow ____________
gardens of vegetables to supplement their diet.
c. The government also encouraged Americans to use less ________ and ________, which led to
Daylight Savings Time…heatless Mondays
d. The government raised __________ and sold _______ bonds to help finance war expenses.
e. Many people hated ______________ and anything related to the country. People began calling
hamburgers “liberty _______________,” sauerkraut was “liberty cabbage,” and many schools
quit teaching the German language.
f. Americans were asked to ______________ other resources. Dresses were made shorter so extra
cloth could make uniforms. Families recycled ________________.
g. Propaganda was used to _______________ people to feel a certain way about the war. One
example was the use of political cartoons.
28. On November 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice that ended the war on the 11th hour of the
11th day of the 11th month. This important date was later known as Armistice Day, and
eventually Veteran’s Day. They signed the peace treaty called the Treaty of Versailles
(pronounced “ver-sigh). Items included in the treaty were based on Wilson’s 14 Points.
a. Germany would have to pay $________ million in damages to other nations.
b. Germany was forced to give up territories/__________ to France, Belgium, Denmark, and
Poland.
c. Germany’s army was _______________ in numbers, They could no longer use submarines or
aircraft
d. Woodrow Wilson shared his ___ Points (principles) for peace in Europe. He played a significant
role in _________ negotiations even though many of his 14 points were ignored by other nations.
e. Wilson helped _____________ state borders in Europe that better reflected nations and groups of
people with the same language, ethnic heritage, and ________________.
f. Set up the __________________ of Nations to help find ________________ ways to solve
problems. We didn’t join this organization because we wanted to stay out of other countries’
problems. It was a policy of ___________________, or being separate from other countries.
Some thought it would compromise our right to declare war.
g. We did continue to be involved in world ____________ in the 1920s and limited American
involvement in world affairs in a series of laws in the 1930s called the Neutrality Acts.
29. Results of the war:
a. Some say the harshness shown to Germany was a major cause of _________.
b. 8 million men died fighting on ___ continents. Millions more were wounded, and 5 million
civilians died due to bombs, ____________, and hunger. Roughly 1:8 men who served in the
war died in the war.
c. Many people were left _________________ and diseases and hunger were rampant.
30. Other interesting events of the early 1900s:
a. 1904 ____ __________ ___________ were invented at the St Louis State Fair.
b. 1906 major ____________________ in San Francisco, CA.
c. 1912 the sinking of the _______________ in the icy waters off the coast of Newfoundland.