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Section: 3.2 Name: Opening Activity: What type of energy is absorbed by pigment molecules in plant cells to start photosynthesis? Latin Root Word: Review of Old Information: ATP then provides the energy needed for our cells to carry out their functions. The following is a review of what we have learned about ATP so far: • _______________: adenosine triphosphate • Made up of adenosine + 3 phosphate groups • _______________: Adenosine diphosphate • Cells recycle the ADP to make new ATP to store more energy for future use • Many proteins have spots where ATP attaches to provide energy for the protein to do its job, then the ADP is released for recycling New Information: Complete the notes on photosynthesis in the spaces below. Photosynthesis: • • • • Process that uses the __________’s energy to make glucose Carried out by green plants and some bacteria Purpose is to trap sun’s energy and store it in _______________ (food for the plant or animals) Photosynthesis occurs in the _______________. • Thylakoids are green because they contain ____________________. • Chlorophyll: green _______________ in plants that absorbs light energy. • _______________: light-absorbing compound Chemical equation for photosynthesis: • 6CO 2 (carbon dioxide + 6H O + light energy CH O + water + sunlight glucose 2 6 12 6 + 6O 2 + oxygen) Steps of photosynthesis: Step 1: Light Reactions a. Overall Reaction: Light energy NADPH and ATP b. This reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane! c. Step 1: _____________________________________________ i. White light is actually a combination of all light ii. Different pigments in the chloroplast can absorb different types of light a. Chlorophyll a – absorbs mostly _____________________ b. Chlorophyll b – absorbs mostly _____________________ c. Carotenoids – some ______________________________ d. Step 2: _____________________________________________ i. The absorbed light is used to excite electrons in pigments ii. These excited electrons and water are used to fuel two biochemical pathways 1. __________________________ a. Every cycles produces one NADPH 2. __________________________ a. Produces ATP e. Step 3: _____________________________ = makes ATP from H+ that are released by water REPLACING ELECTRONS - Pigments that gave up electrons get replacements …from? -____________________ molecules are split and oxygen is released to the atmosphere. Then… -H+ go ________________ the thylakoid membrane and _____________ from water are replaced in photosystem II Summary: Light reactions (Light-dependent reaction) This first step of photosynthesis traps sunlight and makes electrons (stored in _______________) and _______________ to run the dark reactions. 1. Dark reactions (also called “Light-independent reaction” or “_______________ Cycle”) The second step of photosynthesis uses ATP and electrons from the light reactions and _______________ _______________ from the air to make _______________. Activity: PHOTOSYNTHESIS STARTS WITH 1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ . 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B_ __ __ __-_V_ __ __ __ __ __ and _R_ __ __ wavelengths of light best. 3. _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants. 4. Plants “look” green because chlorophyll _R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ green light. 5. Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called _A_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 6. The gel-filled space inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks is called the _S_ __ __ __ __ __. 7. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ I and II contain chlorophyll and absorb light energy during the _L_ __ __ __ __ _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ reactions. 8. During the light dependent reactions, H+ ions build up in the _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ space when _W_ __ __ __ __ molecules are split. 9. The enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ , while the Calvin cycle happens in the _S_ __ __ __ __ __. 10. The stacks of thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called _G_ __ __ __ __ . 11. The light independent reactions are also called the _C_ __ __ __ __ __ _C_ __ __ __ __. 12. Carbon and oxygen from _C_ __ __ __ __ __ _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ end up as part of a _G_ __ __ __ __ __ __ molecule following the Calvin cycle. 13. _A_ __ __ and _N_ __ __ __ __ are made during the _L_ __ __ __ __ dependent reactions and carry energy and high energy electrons that are used during the Calvin cycle to produce _S_ __ __ __ __ __, like glucose. 14. The O in H2O is given off as_O_ __ __ __ __ __ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light dependent reactions. 15. Proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ . 16. Electrons are transferred along the membrane from Photosystem II to Photosystem I using the _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _S_ __ __ __ __ __ . 17. The movement of H+ ions from the thylakoid space, across the membrane, and into the stroma causes _A_ __ __ _S_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to spin and produce ATP, 18. _J_ __ __ to light. _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ showed that plants only produce oxygen when exposed 19. Orange and yellow colored pigments called _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ absorb different wavelengths of light and help chlorophyll use more of the sun’s energy. 20. _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ , amount of _W_ __ __ __ __ , and _L_ __ __ __ __ intensity are all factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.