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Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname ________________________________________________________________________ Forename(s) ________________________________________________________________________ Candidate signature ________________________________________________________________________ AQA Level 1/2 Certificate PHYSICS Paper 1 Wednesday 25 May 2016 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: a ruler a calculator the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 90. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question 5(a) should be answered in continuous prose. In this question you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. (JUN168403101) G/KL/Jun16/E6 8403/1 2 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (02) G/Jun16/8403/1 3 Do not write outside the box Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 Forces can affect the motion of objects. 1 (a) (i) An object is stationary. A resultant force is applied to the object. Which of the following correctly describes the new motion of the object? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Tick () The object accelerates. The object moves at constant velocity. The object remains stationary. 1 (a) (ii) An object is moving at a constant velocity. A resultant force is applied to the object. Which of the following correctly describes the new motion of the object? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Tick () The object accelerates. The object moves at the same constant velocity. The object moves at a greater constant velocity. Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over (03) G/Jun16/8403/1 4 1 (b) Do not write outside the box A package is dropped from an aircraft. Figure 1 shows the velocity-time graph for the package. Figure 1 C D Velocity B A Time 1 (b) (i) What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Tick () Acceleration Distance travelled Speed 1 (b) (ii) Between A and B the graph is a straight line. Describe the motion of the package between A and B. [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 (b) (iii) Name the downward force acting on the package between A and B. [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ (04) G/Jun16/8403/1 5 Do not write outside the box 1 (b) (iv) The acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2. On Figure 1, mark with an X a point on the graph where the package could have an acceleration of 5 m/s2. [1 mark] 1 (b) (v) When the package has an acceleration of 5 m/s2, the resultant force acting on the package is 300 N. Calculate the mass of the package. Give the unit. Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Mass = _________________ Unit _______________ 1 (b) (vi) Which of the following describes the motion of the package between C and D in Figure 1? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Tick () Falling through the air at constant velocity Sliding to a halt along the ground Stationary on the ground ____ 10 Turn over for the next question Turn over (05) G/Jun16/8403/1 6 Do not write outside the box 2 A star goes through a life cycle. 2 (a) Stars have very large masses. Stars form when enough dust and gas from space is pulled together. 2 (a) (i) What causes the dust and gas to be pulled together? [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 (a) (ii) Smaller masses are also formed from dust and gas. They do not become stars. What do these smaller masses become? [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 (b) Some stars are much bigger than the Sun. At the end of its life, one of these bigger stars gave off a large burst of gamma radiation. 2 (b) (i) What is gamma radiation? [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 (b) (ii) Just before leaving the main sequence period of its life cycle, fusion was taking place in the core of the star. Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] atoms electrons nuclei Fusion is the joining of two _____________________________________ . (06) G/Jun16/8403/1 7 2 (c) Do not write outside the box The life cycle of a star after the main sequence period depends on the size of the star. A particular star is much bigger than the Sun. What are the stages, after the main sequence, in the life cycle of this star? Complete Figure 2 by stating the stages in order. [4 marks] Figure 2 Main sequence star ____ 9 Turn over for the next question Turn over (07) G/Jun16/8403/1 8 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (08) G/Jun16/8403/1 9 Do not write outside the box 3 Some appliances transfer energy more efficiently than others. 3 (a) (i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] conduction current power The rate at which energy is transferred by an appliance is called __________________________ . 3 (a) (ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] destroyed dissipated stored Energy cannot be created or ________________________________________ . 3 (b) Figure 3 shows a Sankey diagram for an electric cooker. Figure 3 50 J of electrical energy 45 J of energy to heat the food 5 J of light energy Calculate the efficiency of the cooker. Use the correct equation from Section C of the Physics Equations Sheet. [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Efficiency = _______________ Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over (09) G/Jun16/8403/1 10 3 (c) Do not write outside the box A student measured the amount of electrical energy transferred by a light bulb during a 2.5 hour time period. Her results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Time in hours Electrical energy transferred in kilojoules (kJ) 0.0 0 0.5 80 1.0 190 1.5 260 2.0 365 2.5 435 Figure 4 shows a graph of electrical energy transferred against time. Figure 4 500 400 300 Electrical energy transferred in kJ 200 100 0 0.0 (10) 0.5 1.0 1.5 Time in hours 2.0 2.5 G/Jun16/8403/1 11 3 (c) (i) Do not write outside the box Use the data in Table 1 to complete the graph in Figure 4. The first two points have been plotted for you. [1 mark] 3 (c) (ii) Draw a line of best fit on the graph in Figure 4. [1 mark] 3 (c) (iii) How much electrical energy was transferred by the light bulb in the first 45 minutes? [1 mark] Energy transferred = ________________________ kJ 3 (c) (iv) The student used a 50 W light bulb to get her results. She then repeated the experiment using a 25 W light bulb. On Figure 4, draw a line to represent her results for the 25 W light bulb. [2 marks] ____ 9 Turn over for the next question Turn over (11) G/Jun16/8403/1 12 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (12) G/Jun16/8403/1 13 Do not write outside the box 4 Waves may be longitudinal or transverse. 4 (a) (i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] an electromagnetic a radio a sound One example of a longitudinal wave is ________________________________________ wave. 4 (a) (ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] a light a mechanical an ultraviolet One example of a wave that can be transverse or longitudinal is ________________________________________ wave. 4 (a) (iii) Describe the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over (13) G/Jun16/8403/1 14 4 (b) Do not write outside the box Table 2 shows how the air temperature and speed of sound vary with height above sea level. Table 2 Height above sea level in m Speed of sound in m/s 0 340 15 1 500 334 5 3 000 4 (b) (i) Air temperature in °C −5 4 500 322 −15 6 000 316 −25 7 500 310 −35 9 000 304 −45 10 500 295 −55 12 000 295 −55 13 500 295 −55 Suggest a value for the speed of sound when the height above sea level is 3000 m. [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ Speed of sound = _________________________ m/s (14) G/Jun16/8403/1 15 Do not write outside the box 4 (b) (ii) Describe any patterns shown by the data in Table 2. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4 (b) (iii) When an aircraft travels at the speed of sound it is travelling at Mach 1. When an aircraft travels at twice the speed of sound it is travelling at Mach 2. What speed is Mach 2 at a height of 7500 m above sea level? [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ Speed = ____________________ m/s 4 (b) (iv) A sound wave at a height of 7500 m above sea level has a wavelength of 5.0 m. Calculate the frequency of this wave. Give the unit. Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Frequency = __________________________ Unit _____________ ____ 13 Turn over (15) G/Jun16/8403/1 16 5 There are different forms of electromagnetic radiation. 5 (a) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Do not write outside the box Infrared (IR) radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. All objects emit and absorb IR radiation. Energy can also be transferred by conduction and convection. Explain how the design of the vacuum flask, shown in Figure 5, reduces energy transfer from a hot liquid by conduction, convection and IR radiation. [6 marks] Figure 5 Plastic stopper Hot liquid Vacuum between walls of flask Silvered inner surfaces of walls of flask _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (16) G/Jun16/8403/1 17 Do not write outside the box Extra space _________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 (b) Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the Universe. The Big Bang theory is the only theory that can explain CMBR. 5 (b) (i) What is the Big Bang theory? [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 (b) (ii) Name one other observation that supports the Big Bang theory. [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 (b) (iii) The cosmic radiation released during the Big Bang was not microwaves but a different type of electromagnetic radiation. It could not have been radio waves. Explain why. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Turn over (17) G/Jun16/8403/1 ____ 12 18 Do not write outside the box 6 Light waves can be reflected and refracted. 6 (a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. [1 mark] equal to greater than less than When light waves are reflected, the angle of incidence is ______________________________________ 6 (b) the angle of reflection. Figure 6 shows an object placed in front of a plane mirror and the image formed by reflection of light in the plane mirror. Figure 6 Plane mirror Object Image A B C One ray from point A on the object is reflected in the mirror. The image of A is formed at B. Another ray, AC, is shown. 6 (b) (i) Complete the drawing of ray AC to show how the image is formed at B. [3 marks] (18) G/Jun16/8403/1 19 Do not write outside the box 6 (b) (ii) Describe the nature of the image produced in the plane mirror. Draw a ring around the correct answer. [1 mark] magnified 6 (c) real virtual Optical fibres are used to transmit light. The refractive index of the glass of one of the optical fibres is 1.45. Calculate the value of the critical angle for this glass. Give your answer to three significant figures. Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Critical angle = _______________________ degrees Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over (19) G/Jun16/8403/1 20 6 (d) Do not write outside the box Figure 7 shows two rays of light, F and G, at the boundary between glass and air. Figure 7 Air Glass G F 6 (d) (i) What is the dashed line in Figure 7 called? [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 (d) (ii) Explain the paths of the two rays, F and G, in Figure 7. [4 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 13 (20) G/Jun16/8403/1 21 7 Forces can make objects rotate. 7 (a) Figure 8 shows a beam with a pivot at its centre. Do not write outside the box A force of 8 N acts on the beam at a distance of 3 m from the pivot. Figure 8 8N 3m Beam Pivot 7 (a) (i) Calculate the clockwise moment produced by the 8 N force acting on the beam. Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet. [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Clockwise moment = ________________________ Nm 7 (a) (ii) A downward force of 6 N acts on the beam. The beam is now balanced. Calculate the distance of the 6 N force from the pivot. Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet. [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Distance = ______________________ m 7 (a) (iii) On the beam in Figure 8, mark with an X the position of this 6 N force. [1 mark] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over (21) G/Jun16/8403/1 22 Do not write outside the box 7 (a) (iv) In Figure 8 the pivot was placed under the centre of mass of the beam. What is meant by centre of mass? [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7 (b) Figure 9 shows a full bottle and a bottle holder. Figure 9 Centre of mass X Bottle holder The bottle is balanced. The centre of mass of the bottle and holder is shown at X. 7 (b) (i) Explain why the bottle does not topple. [3 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (22) G/Jun16/8403/1 23 Do not write outside the box 7 (b) (ii) Suggest two changes to the design of this bottle holder that would improve its stability. [2 marks] 1 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 12 Turn over for the next question Turn over (23) G/Jun16/8403/1 24 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (24) G/Jun16/8403/1 25 Do not write outside the box 8 Electric current is a flow of electric charge. Electric charge moves easily through some substances. 8 (a) When there is a direct current (d.c.) in a wire, a magnetic field is produced around the wire. Figure 10 shows the shape of part of the magnetic field. Figure 10 8 (a) (i) Draw arrows on Figure 10 to show the direction of the magnetic field. [1 mark] 8 (a) (ii) The direction of the current in the wire is reversed. What happens to the direction of the lines in the magnetic field? [1 mark] _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8 (b) Describe the difference between d.c. and alternating current (a.c.). [2 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over (25) G/Jun16/8403/1 26 8 (c) Do not write outside the box In Figure 11, a metal saucepan is placed above a wire carrying a.c. Figure 11 Metal saucepan Wire carrying a.c. 8 (c) (i) An a.c. is induced in the metal of the saucepan. Explain why. [4 marks] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8 (c) (ii) Induction cookers use the principle shown in Figure 11 to heat food. The current in the metal base of the saucepan heats the saucepan. Suggest two changes that would increase the current in the saucepan in Figure 11. [2 marks] 1 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (26) G/Jun16/8403/1 27 Do not write outside the box 8 (c) (iii) Figure 12 shows the saucepan on a gas cooker. Figure 12 Suggest two advantages of an induction cooker compared to a gas cooker. [2 marks] 1 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 12 END OF QUESTIONS (27) G/Jun16/8403/1 28 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, from the November 2015 examination series, acknowledgements of third party copyright material will be published in a separate booklet rather than including them on the examination paper or support materials. This booklet is published after each examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Copyright © 2016 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (28) G/Jun16/8403/1