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Read & annotate first page of primary source handout on Lincoln’s evolving views regarding slavery. Be ready to discuss how documents show a combination of political pragmatism & moral belief The Civil War 1861–1865 (Chapter 14) “…to test if a nation so conceived …can long endure…” Crash Course US History Civil War #20 & #21 - 12 minutes each http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOjGrs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=20 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzTrKccmj_I&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=23 Biography of America – Civil War Episode – 26 minutes https://www.learner.org/series/biographyofamerica/prog11/transcript/index.html Ch. 14 HW Assignment – Due Block 11/16 or 11/17 Answer assigned chapter review question from page 460 in 2 pages. Assessed using short answer rubric Lincoln’s 1st Inauguration, March, 1861 in front of unfinished capital building Symbolism? #1: As the Civil War began, politicians and ordinary citizens in both North and South were supremely confident of victory. Why did the southerners believe they would triumph? Why did the North ultimately win the war? #2: In 1860, the institution of slavery was firmly entrenched in the US; by 1865, it was dead. How did this happen? How did the Union policy toward slavery and enslaved people change over the course of the war? Why did it change? Following the “attack” on Fort Sumter, 11 states secede to form the Confederate States of America (CSA) 5 slave holding border states stay with union CSA goal to remain an independent nation…Lincoln’s goal to preserve the united states…4 years of war and 600,000 deaths needed to resolve conflict Why did Lincoln say to an advisor in the first weeks of the Civil War, "I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky." ? Southern View of secession: Legal under “compact theory” view of the Constitution & the events of the 1850’s showed the Constitutional system was “rigged” against the South How does this cartoon of “King Cotton” illustrate the Southern perspective at the start of the Civil War? Northern View: Secession is illegal & the Union must be kept together (with military force if needed) in face of Southern “insurrection” But… Lincoln promises not to interfere with slavery where it already exists. Why?? Initial Confederate Advantages • Desire • Defensive Nature of War • Possibility of Foreign Allies • Superior Military Officers • Northern Opposition to War Which factors are most important? CSA President Jefferson Davis Initial Union Advantages • Established Gov’t & Military • More People, $, Resources • Better Transport System • CSA Dependence on Slavery & Cotton • Strong leadership of Lincoln Union General WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN “ This country will be drenched in blood. . . . [T]he people of the North . . . are not going to let this country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it. . . .You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical and determined people on earth . . . Only in spirit and determination are you prepared for war… In all else you are totally unprepared.” Significance of the Quote? Union Anaconda Plan 1) Naval Blockade 2) Control Mississippi 3) Capture CSA capital of Richmond, VA How does cartoon illustrate Union military plans? Plan worked, but in 4 years, not 4 months mainly due to inept military leadership Confederate War of Attrition Plan: Utilize generals like “Stonewall” Jackson & Robert E. Lee to repel Union attacks with superior tactical strategy & break Northern spirit with prolonged war while waiting for foreign aid How does this cartoon illustrates CSA hopes for British aide? Anaconda Plan Part 1: War on the Sea Northern blockade generally effective Ex: “Iron clads” fight to draw at the mouth of Chesapeake – Southern supply ships cannot get through…significance? War brings unparalleled carnage to both sides: Nearly 600,000 die 2% of population but impacts South more Like all wars… Civil War was a “Rich Mans War, Poor Mans Fight” How is quote illustrated in newspaper advertisements below? Emancipation Proclamation (Issued in September 1862 and enacted in January 1863) Frees NO slaves immediately…why? Refer to page two of Lincoln primary source handout Impact of Emancipation Proclamation on blacks & the Union army? NYC Draft Riots -- Following Union victory at Gettysburg in the Summer 1863…relevance? Lincoln Limits Civil Rights During War…why? Ex: Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus Financial Issues of War Why was Northern willingness out borrow, out tax & out spend the South a key to Union vicory? Anaconda Plan Part 2: War in the West for control of the Mississippi to cut South in half. Why are Shiloh & Vicksburg key battles? Anaconda Plan Part III: Capture Confederate capital of Richmond, VA eventually works, but VERY slow & bloody Why are Antietam & Gettysburg key battles? Gettysburg Address (Nov. 1863) Lincoln shifts purpose of war from unity to “new birth of freedom” Refer to Page two of Lincoln and slavery primary source handout Why were Generals Grant & Sherman key to final Union Victory? Sherman inflicts Total War during March to the Sea with Lincoln’s Blessing Timing of these Union victories before Nov. 1864 election is crucial for Lincoln’s re-election Why? Election of 1864 - Lincoln vs. McClellan Why was election “last chance” for South? Significance of the 13th Amendment? Pushed through Congress by Lincoln AFTER 1864 re-election…why? Approved by Congress in January 1865 during “lame duck” period (before new Congress takes power) Ratified in December 1865 after the assassination of Lincoln Officially ends slavery in all states immediately & permanently Complex politics of passage the subject of award winning Lincoln movie 2nd Inaugural Address (April 1865) Lincoln finally directly addresses role of slavery in causing the war and looks forward to “binding nations wounds” Refer to page two of Lincoln and slavery primary source handout Assassination of Lincoln April, 1865 sends Reconstruction process into disarray…Chapter 15