Download The Civil War (1861

Read & annotate first page of primary source
handout on Lincoln’s evolving views regarding
slavery. Be ready to discuss how documents show
a combination of political pragmatism & moral
belief
The Civil War 1861–1865
(Chapter 14)
“…to test if a nation so conceived …can long endure…”
Crash Course US History Civil War #20 & #21 - 12 minutes each
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOjGrs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=20
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzTrKccmj_I&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=23
Biography of America – Civil War Episode – 26 minutes
https://www.learner.org/series/biographyofamerica/prog11/transcript/index.html
Ch. 14 HW Assignment – Due Block 11/16 or 11/17
Answer assigned chapter review question from page 460 in 2 pages.
Assessed using short answer rubric
Lincoln’s 1st
Inauguration,
March, 1861
in front of unfinished
capital building
Symbolism?
#1: As the Civil War began, politicians and ordinary citizens in
both North and South were supremely confident of victory. Why
did the southerners believe they would triumph? Why did the
North ultimately win the war?
#2: In 1860, the institution of slavery was firmly entrenched in
the US; by 1865, it was dead. How did this happen? How did the
Union policy toward slavery and enslaved people change over the
course of the war? Why did it change?
Following the “attack” on Fort Sumter,
11 states secede to form the Confederate States of America (CSA)
5 slave holding border states stay with union
CSA goal to remain an independent nation…Lincoln’s goal to preserve the
united states…4 years of war and 600,000 deaths needed to resolve conflict
Why did Lincoln say to an advisor in the first weeks of the Civil War,
"I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky." ?
Southern View
of secession:
Legal under
“compact theory”
view of the
Constitution
&
the events of the 1850’s
showed the
Constitutional system
was “rigged” against
the South
How does this cartoon of
“King Cotton” illustrate the
Southern perspective at the
start of the Civil War?
Northern View:
Secession is illegal
&
the Union must be
kept together
(with military
force if needed) in
face of Southern
“insurrection”
But…
Lincoln promises not
to interfere with
slavery where it
already exists.
Why??
Initial Confederate Advantages
• Desire
• Defensive Nature of War
• Possibility of Foreign Allies
• Superior Military Officers
• Northern Opposition to War
Which factors are most important?
CSA President
Jefferson Davis
Initial Union Advantages
• Established Gov’t & Military
• More People, $, Resources
• Better Transport System
• CSA Dependence on Slavery & Cotton
• Strong leadership of Lincoln
Union General WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
“ This country will be drenched in blood. . . .
[T]he people of the North . . . are not going to let
this country be destroyed without a mighty effort
to save it. . . .You are rushing into war with one
of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical
and determined people on earth . . . Only in spirit
and determination are you prepared for war… In
all else you are totally unprepared.”
Significance of the Quote?
Union
Anaconda
Plan
1) Naval
Blockade
2) Control
Mississippi
3) Capture CSA
capital of
Richmond, VA
How does cartoon illustrate Union military plans?
Plan worked,
but in 4 years,
not 4 months
mainly due to
inept military
leadership
Confederate War of Attrition Plan:
Utilize generals like “Stonewall” Jackson & Robert E.
Lee to repel Union attacks with superior tactical
strategy & break Northern spirit with prolonged war
while waiting for foreign aid
How does this cartoon illustrates CSA hopes for British aide?
Anaconda Plan Part 1:
War on the Sea
Northern blockade generally effective
Ex: “Iron clads” fight to draw at the mouth of Chesapeake –
Southern supply ships cannot get through…significance?
War brings
unparalleled carnage
to both sides:
Nearly 600,000 die
2% of population but
impacts South more
Like all wars…
Civil War was a
“Rich Mans War,
Poor Mans Fight”
How is quote illustrated in newspaper
advertisements below?
Emancipation Proclamation
(Issued in September 1862 and enacted in January 1863)
Frees NO slaves immediately…why?
Refer to
page two of
Lincoln
primary
source
handout
Impact of Emancipation Proclamation
on blacks & the Union army?
NYC Draft Riots -- Following Union victory at
Gettysburg in the Summer 1863…relevance?
Lincoln Limits Civil Rights During War…why?
Ex: Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus
Financial
Issues of
War
Why was
Northern
willingness
out borrow,
out tax &
out spend
the South a
key to Union
vicory?
Anaconda Plan
Part 2:
War in the
West
for control of
the
Mississippi
to cut South
in half.
Why are Shiloh &
Vicksburg key
battles?
Anaconda Plan Part III:
Capture Confederate capital of Richmond, VA
eventually works, but VERY slow & bloody
Why are Antietam & Gettysburg key battles?
Gettysburg Address (Nov. 1863)
Lincoln shifts purpose of war from unity to
“new birth of freedom”
Refer to
Page two
of Lincoln
and
slavery
primary
source
handout
Why were
Generals
Grant &
Sherman
key to final
Union
Victory?
Sherman inflicts
Total War during
March to the Sea
with
Lincoln’s Blessing
Timing of these Union
victories before
Nov. 1864 election
is crucial for Lincoln’s
re-election
Why?
Election of 1864 - Lincoln vs. McClellan
Why was election “last chance” for South?
Significance of the 13th Amendment?
Pushed through Congress by Lincoln AFTER 1864 re-election…why?
Approved by Congress in January 1865 during “lame duck” period
(before new Congress takes power)
Ratified in December 1865 after the assassination of Lincoln
Officially ends slavery in all states immediately & permanently
Complex politics of passage the subject of award winning Lincoln movie
2nd Inaugural
Address
(April 1865)
Lincoln finally directly
addresses role of
slavery in causing the
war and looks forward
to “binding nations
wounds”
Refer to page two of Lincoln and
slavery primary source handout
Assassination of Lincoln
April, 1865 sends
Reconstruction process
into disarray…Chapter 15