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■ Essential Question: –What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I? ■ Warm Up Question: World War I was fought between the Allies & Central Powers from 1914 to 1918 World War I was On November 11, 1918, the fought between the Germany government Allies & Central Powers agreed to an armistice & from 1914 to 1918 World War I came to an end World War I was the largest, most deadly, & most destructive war the world had yet seen World War I was the largest, most deadly, & most destructive war the world had yet seen 8.5 million soldiers & 13 million civilians died as a result of the war World War I was the largest, most deadly, & most destructive war the world had yet seen 8.5 million soldiers & 13 million civilians died as a result of the war World War I was the largest, most deadly, & most destructive war the world had yet seen 21 million soldiers were wounded during the war World War I was the Homes, farms, towns were largest, most deadly, destroyed; The war cost & most destructive war $338 billion & most national the world had yet seen treasuries were empty In 1919, representatives The conference was from 32 nations attended the led by the “Big Four”: Paris Peace Conference to Britain, France, Italy, write a treaty to end the war & the United States U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando French Premier George Clemenceau British Prime Minister David Lloyd George In 1919, representatives The conference was from 32 nations attended the led by the “Big Four”: Paris Peace Conference to Britain, France, Italy, write a treaty to end the war & the United States Neither Central Powers U.S. Germany President nor any of theFrench Premier were allowed to attend…Russia not Woodrow Wilson Georgecould Clemenceau attend because they already quit World War I Italian Prime Minister British Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando David Lloyd George Creating a treaty would not be easy because the major powers had different agendas British Prime Minister David Lloyd George Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando French Premier George Clemenceau U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Britain Creating & France a treaty would Britain not be easy & France because wanted wanted the to major weaken powers had Germany different agendas to accept full Germany so it could blame, pay reparations, & never go to war again lose all overseas colonies U.S. President Woodrow Wilson disagreed the these harsh British Prime Minister punishments for GermanyFrench Premier David Lloyd George George Clemenceau President Wilson presented Italian Prime Minister U.S. President his own peace proposal known Vittorio Woodrow Wilson as theOrlando Fourteen Points President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918 Points 1-5: Wilson hoped to eliminate the causes of WWI & called for an end to secret treaties (alliances), freedom of the seas, eliminating imperial colonies, & reducing national militaries Points 6-13: Wilson suggested changing national boundaries, creating new nations, & allowing self-determination so that the people of each nation could decide their own form of government Point 14: Wilson wanted a League of Nations… …that would give all nations an opportunity to work out their grievances without resorting to war Wilson hoped that a League of Nations could peacefully negotiate solutions to future conflicts Britain & France disagreed These compromises led with many of the Fourteen to an agreement known Points so Woodrow Wilson as the Treaty of Versailles had to compromise The major provisions of the Versailles Treaty included: A League of Nations The League covenant that would serve as an included an agreement international organization that all member to keep peace among nations nations would work The League also included an together to stop future Court of International Justice acts of aggression to settle disagreements The terms of the treaty severely punished Germany Germany had to Germany was forced to sign the give up land in “war guilt clause” accepting all Europe & all of its blame for the war & pay $33 billion overseas colonies in reparations to the Allies The German military was reduced to 100,000 troops, 6 warships, no submarines, & could not manufacture war equipment In addition, the Treaty of Versailles redrew the map of Europe & the Middle East Europe & the Middle East Before & After World War I In addition, the Treaty of Versailles Central Europe was redrawn redrewthe thepower map ofofEurope to reduce the & the Middle East Austro-Hungarian Empire Europe & the Middle East Before & After World War I addition, the Treaty of Versailles Land In was taken from Germany to create redrew the of Europe & the Middle Poland; Themap German-French border wasEast demilitarized to avoid a future invasion Europe & the Middle East Before & After World War I In addition, the Treaty of Versailles redrew the map of Europe & the Middle East New nations were created from territories that Russia gave up when it left the war early Europe & the Middle East Before & After World War I In addition, the TreatyOttoman of Versailles Empire was redrew the map of Europe & the Middle divided; Britain East & France gained mandates in the Middle East Europe & the Middle East Before & After World War I In addition, the TreatyOttoman of Versailles Empire was redrew the map of Europe & the Middle divided; Britain East & France gained mandates in the Middle East The mandates gave Britain Europe & oil the Middle East & France control over Before & After World War I resources in the Middle East On June 28, 1919, Germany & the major Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles and World War I officially came to an end Most nations celebrated the official end of World War I “Down with the brutal peace!” Most nations celebrated the official end of World War I But, Germans protested the harsh terms & resented their gov’t for signing the treaty “Down with the brutal peace!” In the United States, reactions to the Treaty of Versailles were mixed According to the U.S. Constitution, only the Senate can approve treaties Many Senators feared that signing the treaty & joining the League would force America to become involved in future wars As a result, the USA never signed the treaty or joined the League of Nations In the United States, reactions to the Treaty of Versailles were mixed According to the U.S. Constitution, only the Senate can approve treaties Many Senators feared that signing the treaty & joining the League would force America to become involved in future wars Members of the League of Nations (in black) As a result, the USA never signed the treaty or joined the League of Nations World War I was the largest war the world had yet seen & it changed the way future wars were fought Nations used total war tactics to commit all their resources to winning, drafted soldiers, rationed, used propaganda New war technologies increased the rates of death & destruction to unprecedented levels The war changed expectations for women & led to voting rights for women in many nations World War I was the largest war the world had yet seen & it changed the way future wars were fought 22 million soldiers & civilians died in the war; An entire generation of Europeans was killed Many places in Europe were destroyed The war devastated the economies of European nations who had little money to rebuild & few jobs to offer citizens The terms of the Versailles Treaty caused problems & bitterness in many nations, especially Germany The Treaty of Versailles was said to be a “peace built on quicksand” The treaty did not address the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI The League of Nations did not include the USA & its leaders would do anything to avoid another war High unemployment & desire for revenge would lead to aggressive dictators in the 1920s & 1930s The terms of the Versailles Treaty caused problems & bitterness in many nations, especially Germany The Treaty of Versailles was said to be a “peace built on quicksand” The treaty did not address the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI The League of Nations did not include the USA & its leaders would do anything to avoid another war High unemployment & desire for revenge would lead to aggressive dictators in the 1920s & 1930s