Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
+ 1. (4 pts.) For each of the definitions listed in parts (a) - (d), find a corresponding term from the following list: alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, & ester. 0 a) c4150r71(c b) II an organic compound that has the following functional group: R/'\OH ~lkvfle a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond / C) &&Q/ carbon atoms an organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two d) an organic compound that has the following functional group: Ly 0 I1 -c/ 2. (4 pts.) Matching: In the spaces provided, indicate which choice given on the right matches the description shown on the left. (Note: Some choices will not be used.) a) Triacylglycerols are formed from glycerol and i\/ . i) Hydrolysis ii) An ether s b) is the functional group found in triacylglycerols. ill iii) lnsolubity in water c) -is the process of converting unsaturated fats into saturated fats. -.\ d) ill is a common characteristic of lipids. iv) Fatty acids v) Hydrogenation vi) An ester 3. (4 pts.) Provide the Haworth projection of t h a o r m of the monosaccharide Dgulose, whose Fisher projection is shown to the right. P 4. (2 pts.) The lipid shown to the right is an example of a b) wax c) glycerol phospholipid d) steroid e) fatty acid I II CHOC(CH2) 4CH3 C \ CHO C \H C? \ e 5. (3 pts.) First, provide the definition of a chiral carbon atom in the space provided. Next, draw a star on all chiral carbons atoms that are present in the molecule shown below. A chiral carbon is c Lc/L~p , a b , b.fidkd 6. (2 pts.) A key difference that distinguishes the blood types A, B, and 0 from each other is that attached to red each of these blood types contains a different numberltype of blood cells. a) amino acids b) fatty acids c) steroids d) amides c e c h a r i d eu n G 7. (4 pts.) The tremendous diversity of protein mol endless ways to combine the 20 amino acids with of these amino acids in proteins lead to difference molecules, and thus largely affect how the protein groups will tend to cluster together, and this prop shape. Based on this information, which R grou a hydrophobic area of the structure of a protein determined your answer. d) -CH2CH2CH2CH2NH3 e) none of the above 8. (4 pts.) Based on your knowledge of the properties of saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerols, why would an animal that lives in a cold climate have more unsaturated triacylglycerols in its body fat than an animal that lives in a warm climate? 9. Novacain, a local anaesthetic, is the hydrochloride salt of procaine. Procaine a) (2 pts.) Draw the structural formula of the amine salt (Novocain) that is formed when procaine reacts with HCI. L a* b) (3 pts.) Based on the properties of amine salts, explain why Novocain is used as a drug in preference to the free base, procaine. 10. (2 pts.) A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides would be classified as a(n) in organic chemistry. a) double bond. b) ester bond. d) achiral bond. e) alcohol bond /'-- P 11. (2 pts.) The peptide onds that link amino acids together in a protein are a) ester bonds. / ~ e f e to r the disaccharide below to answer questions 14-17. \ 12. (2 pts.) In the figure above, the monosac haride unit on the left is a(n) a) aldopentose. b) ketopentose. c) aldohexose. d) aldoheptose. 1 13. (2 pts.) Hydrolysis of the disaccharide ab ve gives the monosaccharides a) fructose and ribose. fructose and galacc) ribose and glucose. d) ribose and galactose. e) ,fructose and lactose. a / I' / 14. (4 pts.) The disaccharide above co tains a(n)d" I ) 6 -glycosidic linkage. 4 15. (2 pts.) Is the disaccharide ab ve in the a or p form? P 16. (20 pts. total) For each reaction shown, predict the product or products formed the reagents necessary to complete the reaction. II HC-O-C-(CH2)14CH3 I + 3 NaOH H20 provide 17. (4 pts.) The primary reason that methanol (CH30H) is miscible (i.e. will dissolve) in water is because methanol and water can hydrogen bond with each other. In the space below, show two different ways in which these molecules can hydrogen bond to each other. 18. (2 pts.) The lipid shown to the right is an example of a a) triacylglycerol b) wax c) glycerol phospholipid e) fatty acid 19. (a) (5 pts.) Consider the two disaccharides shown below. Place a circle around the disaccharide that you believe & a reducing sugar? Provide a clear explanation of how determined vour choice. ' L I ~ ; C ~ ~ ;Y IJ o-. + I ~ fC d . + a ~so,, + h ;Yp*B1 4 a l7 J,L L o , i ,,a -., f c V J (,, - . p a c t o K c r k r r c S i t - ~ L k fka r * , a, r r r r + 4 *OW , pfir .d A I' u p /C /O ~rt'drL-CpL and I J ~ L Q J a ~ Q ~ Q C I j ~v 5J , (b) (2 pts.) What chemical test could you perform in lab to verify which of these disaccaraides islis not a reducing sugar? ., , 20. (6 pts.1 Explain and show how glycerophospholipids can interact with both other lipids and water.' For full credit show the generalized chemical structure of a glycerophospholipid. 6 e pvlqr +,i,*arrLj- b k r ~~ / lp' o .. m t 1 \ ~ '" car~r - fiQc-p 7' Ht0 ole/ \ 4 rill t t . 4 ' bc ~ C-A( w ; f I be n. 21.(2 pts.) The R group for the amino acid serine is -CH20H. As a zwitterion, serine has the structural formula '\ a) CH20H I NH2CHCOOH b) CH20H I NH2CHCOO- 22. (2 pts.) Although the polysaccharides starch & cellulose a r e h t h composed entirely of glucose units, cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by -glycosidic bonds. b b 23. (4 pts.) No matter how long you heat up a reaction mixture that contains acetic acid and the amine shown below, an amide product will not form. Based on your knowledge of aniine and amide chemistry, provide a reasonable explanation of why a reaction does not occur. 24. (4 pts.) Rank the following compounds (that have similar mass) h order of decreasing solubility in pentane: the primary amine pentyl a e (C5HI3N), he (C6HI4), et yl propyl ether (C5HI20), and butanoic acid (C4H8O2). T8 Most soluble 0 4 6 Least soluble 25. (3 pts.) Pictured in the enclosed box below is one enantiomer of valine, an amino acid used by nature in synthesizing proteins. Which of the molecules on the right is the same enantiomer?