Download Chapter 16: The Civil War

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United States History Chapter 16 Study Guide
Chapter 16: The Civil War
Section 1
1) Where did the Civil War begin and when?
April 1861, Fort Sumter, S.C.
2) Which side had the advantage of more railway lines?
The North.
3) How did the Union and Confederate armies build up their troop levels at the beginning of the war?
By relying on help from volunteers.
4) What were the Border States? Name them.
Slave states that did not join the Confederacy—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
Section 2
1.) What was the Anaconda Plan?
The plan involved blockading the Southern ports and controlling the Mississippi to cut the South in half. An anaconda is a constricting snake.
The North tried to strangle the South.
2.) Compare Union General George McClellan to the Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
McClellan was very cautious while Lee was aggressive and unpredictable.
3.) Discuss the significance of the Battle of Antietam.
Stopped the first Confederate advance in the north. Gave Lincoln a victory so that he could issue his Emancipation Proclamation.
Section 3
1.) Why was control of the Mississippi River important to both sides?
For transportation and shipping and once the South lost control of it, it was cut in half.
2.) Explain the significance of the siege of Vicksburg.
It allowed the North to gain full control of the Mississippi River.
Section 4
1.) Describe the reaction of northerners after Congress approved a draft in 1863.
Rioting and attacking draft offices.
2.) How did Northern Democrats feel about Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation?
They feared that freed slaves would come north and take their jobs because they would work for lower wages.
3.) Discuss the role African Americans played in the Civil War.
Many served in the Union army—the 54th Massachusetts was the most famous regiment.
4.) Describe some the hardships faced by soldiers during the Civil War.
Diseases, starvation, wounds from deadly accurate weapons.
5.) Discuss the significance of Clara Barton.
Helped the sick and wounded on the battle fields and later started the American Red Cross.
Section 5
1.) What was Sherman’s strategy of Total War?
Destroying everything the enemy could use, even at the cost of hurting civilians
2.) What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address?
The Battle of Gettysburg was a major turning point in the civil war because it repelled the South’s furthest penetration of the north. The south
also suffered a huge amount of casualties which it could not afford to do. Coupled with the loss at Vicksburg which happened at the same time,
the South was never as strong as it was in before the battle. The Gettysburg Address summarized the huge loss of life at Gettysburg dedicated
a national cemetery to their devotion to a cause.